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Alfvén waves in temperature anisotropic Cairns distributed plasma

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第3期72卷 83-87页

作者： s Ayaz Imran A Khan Z Iqbal G murtaza salam Chair Department of PhysicsGC University Lahore Katchery Road54000 LahorePakistan

The dispersion relations and Landau damping of Alfven waves in kinetic and inertial limits are studied in temperature anisotropic Cairns distributed *** the case of kinetic Alfven waves(KAWs),it is found that the real frequency is enhanced when either the electron perpendicular temperature or the non-thermal parameter A *** inertial Alfven waves(IAWs),the real frequency is slightly affected by the electron temperature anisotropy and *** the real frequency,the damping rate of KAWs is reduced when the electron perpendicular temperature or A *** the case of IAWs,the temperature anisotropy and A either enhance or reduce the damping rate depending upon the perpendicular *** results may be helpful to understand the dynamics of KAWs and IAWs in space plasmas where the non-Maxwellian distribution of particles are routinely observed.

关键词： Cairns distribution kinetic Alfven waves inertial Alfven waves

Electronic Band structure and Optical Response of spinel snX_(2)O_(4)(X=Mg,Zn)through Modified Becke-Johnson Potential

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第4期30卷 177-180页

作者： A.Manzar G.murtaza R.Khenata s.Muhammad Hayatullah Department of Physics Hazara University MansehraKPKPakistan Materials Modeling Lab Department of PhysicsIslamia College UniversityPeshawarPakistan LPQ3M Laboratory Institute of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MascaraAlgeria Department of Physics and Astronomy King Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

The modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential approximation is applied to predict the band structure,optical parameters and electron density of snMg_(2)O_(4)and snZn_(2)O_(4).The local density approximation,generalized gradient approximation(GGA),EV-GGA significantly underestimate the direct band gap values compared to modified Becke–Johnson *** band gap dependent optical parameters such as dielectric constant,index of refraction,reflectivity,and optical conductivity are calculated and analyzed.A prominent feature of cation replacement is observed and analyzed for these studied *** replacement of the cation Mg by Zn leads to a significant reduction in the value of band gap and consequently affects its dependant optical *** variation is of crucial importance for device fabrication in different regions of the spectrum.

关键词： approximation (4) Modified

Electronic Band Profile and Optical Response of spinel MgIn_(2)O_(4)through Modified Becke-Johnson Potential

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第6期30卷 190-193页

We employ the first-principles technique based on the modified Becke–Johnson(BJ)exchange potential for the prediction of the electronic band structure,optical properties,and electron density of the cubic MgIn_(2)O_(4)spinel *** is found that the calculated band gap value with the modified BJ approximation is significantly improved over the results based on the generalized gradient approximation and the local density approximation in comparison to the experimental *** band gap dependent optical parameters such as the dielectric constant,refractive index,reflectivity,optical conductivity,and electron density are *** optical response suggests that MgIn_(2)O_(4)is an applicant material in optoelectronic devices in various parts of the energy spectrum like MgAl_(2)O_(4)and MgGa_(2)O_(4).

关键词： approximation Modified reflectivity

Limited therapeutic potential of astrocyte elevated gene-1 transduction in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1850-1851页

作者： Eunju leem sang Ryong Kim school of Life sciences BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Brain science and Engineering Institute Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea

Biological roles of astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1):AEG-1,also known as metadherin,was originally identified as a human immunodeficiency virus-1-and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-inducible gene in human fetal *** increase in AEG-1 expression is a well-established and important oncogenic event in various types of human cancer,and its upregulation triggers evasion of cellular apoptosis,metastasis,and invasion in cancer(Emdad at al.,2016;Dhiman et al.,2019).AEG-1 can promote tumor progression via multiple phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathways,contributing to an invasive phenotype and angiogenesis(Emdad at al.,2016;Dhiman et al.,2019).In addition,there is evidence for a functional link between AEG-1 and pro-survival mechanisms in various cancers(Dhiman et al.,2019),suggesting that AEG-1 is a key molecule for oncogenic events in cancer.

关键词： elevated al. invasion

Factors affecting technical efficiency of small-scale apple farms in Balochistan Plateau, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain science 2017年第4期14卷 782-794页

作者： Ghulam murtaza Gopal Bahadur THAPA Disaster Management and Development studies University of Balochistan school of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology

In Balochistan, Agriculture is dominated by small-scale farmers and the apple production sector is confronted with the chronic constraint of low output per unit of input. Although some agricultural policies have been implemented in this province, studies on effectiveness and impacts of such policies over apple production and farmers' performance are still limited. This study is an effort to bridge the research gap on this potential crop in the plateau by investigating technical and scale efficiency of 181 officially designated small-scale apple farmers in mountainous district Mastung in Balochistan; then explored factors that underlie differences in production inefficiency. A two-stage input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) methodology was employed to evaluate technical and scale efficiency followed by truncated bootstrapped regression framework to analyze the correlative determinants to efficiency. Average technical and scale efficiencies of larger landholders were higher than medium and small landholders. Analysis indicated that there is still ample scope for inefficient sample farmers to reduce the input use by 33% without compromising the given yield level. Maximum contributions to the total input savings were from the use of urea, farm yard manure(FYM) and labor-use. Farmer's experience, farm ownership, irrigation constraints, and farmer's access to trainings, credit and extension services significantly affected apple farmers' technical efficiency. Based on the findings of this study, strategies are suggested to enhancing efficiencies by farmers' capacity development through effective extension services and trainings and provision of adequate credit.

关键词： small-scale apple farmers Technical efficiency Data envelopment analysis (DEA) Bootstrap Efficiency-improving resources Balochistan Plateau

Electronic and Optical Properties of spinel GeMg2O4 and GeCd2O4

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第12期30卷 134-138页

Oxide spinels have potential applications in optoelectronics and optics *** this work the electronic band structure and optical properties of GeMg2O4 and GeCd2O4 are calculated by first principles technique based on the new potential approximation known as the modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential approximation(mBJ).The local density and generalized gradient approximations significantly underestimate the direct band gap values compared to the *** band gap dependent optical parameters such as dielectric constant,refractive index,reflectivity and optical conductivity are calculated and *** replacement of the cation is observed and analyzed for the compounds studied and a prominent change is *** replacement of the cation Mg by Cd reduces the band gap and its dependent optical *** device fabrication in different regions of the spectrum this variation is strongly recommended.

关键词： approximation potential reflectivity

Glow Discharge Plasma Nitriding of AIsI 304 stainless steel

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Plasma science and Technology 2007年第4期9卷 463-468页

作者： A.QAYYUM M.A.NAVEED s.ZEB G.murtaza M.ZAKAULLAH National Tokamak Fusion Program IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam University45320 IslamabadPakistan salam Chair in Physics Government College University54000 LahorePakistan

Glow discharge plasma nitriding of AIsI 304 austenitic stainless steel has been carried out for different processing time under optimum discharge conditions established by spectroscopic analysis. The treated samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） to explore the changes induced in the crystallographic structure. The XRD pattern confirmed the formation of an expanded austenite phase （TN） owing to incorporation of nitrogen as an interstitial solid solution in the iron lattice. A Vickers microhardness tester was used to evaluate the surface hardness as a function of indentation depth （μm）. The results showed clear evidence of surface changes with substantial increase in surface hardness.

关键词： optical diagnostics plasma nitriding austenitic stainless steel

Magnetron sputtered Dy2O3 with chromium and copper contents for antireflective thin films with enhanced absorption

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第9期37卷 989-994,I0004页

作者： shahid M. Ramay Asif Mahmood Hamid M. Ghaithan Nasser s. Al-Zayed Adnan Aslam Abdullah murtaza Nisar Ahmad saadat A. siddiqi murtaza s.leem Physics and Astronomy Department College of ScienceKing Saud University RiyadhSaudi Arabia Chemical Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud University RiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Physics The University of Lahore1-KM Raiwind RoadLahore. Pakistan Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyDefence RoadOff Raiwind RoadLahore Pukiston Department of Physics SBASSELahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore 4792Pakisran

Dy2O3 is a rare earth oxide having a number of advanced applications in various fields including protective or antireflective coatings,Main objective of this novel research work is to check the effect of Cr and Cu addition on different properties of Dy2O3 and achievement of antireflective thin films with enhanced abso *** films of these materials we re deposited using DC magnetron with reactive *** studies reveals the crystalline nature of thin films having Dy2O3(222)reflection in all samples with Cr2O3(116)and CuO(111)reflections in Cr and Cu containing *** emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the homogeneous deposition of thin films with uniform shape,size and distribution of *** index,extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient significantly increase while optical reflectance decreases with Cr and Cu mediation corroborating an improved antireflective *** imaginary part of dielectric constant is found to increase slightly with low tangent loss for Cr containing composition co nsidered favorable for energy storage applications.

关键词： Thin films Dysprosium oxide X-ray diffraction FEsEM Optical properties Anti-reflective

Numerical evaluation of the use of vegetation as a shelterbelt for enhancing the wind and thermal comfort in peripheral and lateral-type skygardens in highrise buildings

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Building simulation 2023年第2期16卷 243-261页

作者： murtaza Mohammadi Paige Wenbin Tien John Kaiser Calautit Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of NottinghamNottinghamUK

skygardens or skycourts are a unique architectural intervention in the built environment,enhancing the social,economic,and environmental values of the *** allows occupants to connect and experience outdoor freshness within a semi-enclosed ***,skygardens located on a highrise building may generate intense wind gusts,endangering the safety of *** a validated computational fluid dynamics model,this study investigates the potential of various vegetative barriers or shelterbelts in attenuating the high wind speeds encountered in such spaces and the impact on wind and thermal *** skygarden configurations were investigated with and without vegetative barriers,simplified and modelled as porous zones,and their effect was studied on the velocity and temperature profile at the occupants’*** results indicate that while hedges and trees can offer resistance to airflow,trees provide higher temperature ***,a combination of vegetative and geometrical barriers provides the most optimal condition in the *** study has identified the importance of assessing wind attenuation characteristics of tree plantations on highrise skygarden,and the results can be used in designing intervention ***,vegetation can attenuate pollutants and mitigate poor air quality by surface deposition,and future studies should investigate in that direction.

关键词： built environment computational fluid dynamics(CFD) wind comfort thermal comfort skygarden