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Progesterone modulates m TOR in the hippocampus of mice after traumatic brain injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 434-439页

作者： Richard Justin Garling Lora Talley Watts Shane Sprague murat digicaylioglu Department of Neurosurgery Wayne State University Detroit MI USA School of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA

Spinal cord injury results in the loss of motor and sensory pathways and spontaneous regeneration of adult mammalian spinal cord neurons is limited. Chitosan and sodium alginate have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and are suitable to assist the recovery of damaged tissues, such as skin, bone and nerve. Chitosan scaffolds, sodium alginate scaffolds and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds were separately transplanted into rats with spinal cord hemisection. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores and electrophysiological results showed that chitosan scaffolds promoted recovery of locomotor capacity and nerve transduction of the experimental *** days after surgery, chitosan scaffolds retained the original shape of the spinal cord. Compared with sodium alginate scaffolds- and chitosan-sodium alginate scaffolds-transplanted rats, more neurofilament-H-immunoreactive cells （regenerating nerve fibers） and less glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive cells （astrocytic scar tissue） were observed at the injury site of experimental rats in chitosan scaffold-transplanted rats. Due to the fast degradation rate of sodium alginate, sodium alginate scaffolds and composite material scaffolds did not have a supporting and bridging effect on the damaged tissue. Above all, compared with sodium alginate and composite material scaffolds, chitosan had better biocompatibility, could promote the regeneration of nerve fibers and prevent the formation of scar tissue,and as such, is more suitable to help the repair of spinal cord injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration spinal cord injury chitosan sodium alginate functional recovery scaffold neurofilament-H glial fibrillary acidic protein scar tissue locomotor capacity neural regeneration

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Does progesterone show neuroprotective effects on traumatic brain injury through increasing phosphorylation of Akt in the hippocampus?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第21期9卷 1891-1896页

作者： Richard Justin Garling Lora Talley Watts Shane Sprague Lauren Fletcher David F.Jimenez murat digicaylioglu Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Research Imaging Institute University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Cellular and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA

There are currently no federally approved neuroprotective agents to treat traumatic brain injury. Progesterone, a hydrophobic steroid hormone, has been shown in recent studies to exhibit neu-roprotective effects in controlled cortical impact rat models. Akt is a protein kinase known to play a role in cell signaling pathways that reduce edema, inlfammation, apoptosis, and promote cell growth in the brain. This study aims to determine if progesterone modulates the phosphor-ylation of Aktvia its threonine 308 phosphorylation site. Phosphorylation at the threonine 308 site is one of several sites responsible for activating Akt and enabling the protein kinase to carry out its neuroprotective effects. To assess the effects of progesterone on Akt phosphorylation, C57BL/6 mice were treated with progesterone （8 mg/kg） at 1 （intraperitonally）, 6, 24, and 48 hours （subcutaneously） post closed-skull traumatic brain injury. The hippocampus was harvest-ed at 72 hours post injury and prepared for western blot analysis. Traumatic brain injury caused a signiifcant decrease in Akt phosphorylation compared to sham operation. However, mice treat-ed with progesterone following traumatic brain injury had an increase in phosphorylation of Akt compared to traumatic brain injury vehicle. Our ifndings suggest that progesterone is a viable treatment option for activating neuroprotective pathways after traumatic brain injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration Akt traumatic brain injury progesterone apoptosis neuroprotec-tion brain injury western blotting controlled cortical impact neural regeneration

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