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A Review on Interface Engineering of mXenes for Perovskite Solar Cells

Nano-micro Letters 2023年第8期15卷 270-308页

作者： Srikanta Palei G.murali Choong‑Hee Kim Insik In Seul‑Yi Lee Soo‑Jin Park Department of Chemistry Inha University100 InharoIncheon 22212South Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Department of IT‑Energy Convergence(BK21 Four)Chemical Industry InstituteKorea National University of TransportationChungju 27469South Korea

With an excellent power conversion efficiency of 25.7%,closer to the Shockley–Queisser limit,perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have become a strong candidate for a next-generation energy ***,the lack of stability and reliability in PSCs remained challenging for ***,such as interfacial and structural engineering,have a more critical influence on enhanced ***,two-dimensional materials,have emerged as promising materials in solar cell applications due to their metallic electrical conductivity,high carrier mobility,excellent optical transparency,wide tunable work function,and superior mechanical *** to different choices of transition elements and surface-terminating functional groups,mXenes possess the feature of tuning the work function,which is an essential metric for band energy alignment between the absorber layer and the charge transport layers for charge carrier extraction and collection in ***,adopting mXenes to their respective components helps reduce the interfacial recombination resistance and provides smooth charge transfer paths,leading to enhanced conductivity and operational stability of *** review paper aims to provide an overview of the applications of mXenes as components,classified according to their roles as additives(into the perovskite absorber layer,charge transport layers,and electrodes)and themselves alone or as interfacial layers,and their significant importance in PSCs in terms of device performance and ***,we discuss the present research status and future directions toward its use in PSCs.

关键词： mXenes Perovskite solar cells Additives Interfacial layer Electrodes

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mapping rice-fallow cropland areas for short-season grain legumes intensification in South Asia using mODIS 250 m time-series data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第10期9卷 981-1003页

作者： murali Krishna Gumma Prasad S.Thenkabail Pardharsadhi Teluguntla mahesh N.Rao Irshad A.mohammed Anthony m.Whitbread International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics PatancheruIndia U.S.Geological Survey(USGS) Western Geographic Science CenterFlagstaffAZUSA Humboldt State University ArcataCAUSA

The goal of this study was to map rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow cropland areas across South Asia,using mODIS 250 m time-series data and identify where the farming system may be intensified by the inclusion of a short-season crop during the fallow ***-fallow cropland areas are those areas where rice is grown during the kharif growing season(June–October),followed by a fallow during the rabi season(November–February).These cropland areas are not suitable for growing rabi-season rice due to their high water needs,but are suitable for a short-season(≤3 months),low water-consuming grain legumes such as chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.),black gram,green gram,and ***(double-cropping)in this manner can improve smallholder farmer’s incomes and soil health via rich nitrogen-fixation legume crops as well as address food security challenges of ballooning populations without having to expand *** grain legumes,primarily chickpea,are increasingly grown across Asia as a source of income for smallholder farmers and at the same time providing rich and cheap source of protein that can improve the nutritional quality of diets in the *** suitability of rainfed and irrigated rice-fallow croplands for grain legume cultivation across South Asia were defined by these identifiers:(a)rice crop is grown during the primary(kharif)crop growing season or during the north-west monsoon season(June–October);(b)same croplands are left fallow during the second(rabi)season or during the south-east monsoon season(November–February);and(c)ability to support low water-consuming,short-growing season(≤3 months)grain legumes(chickpea,black gram,green gram,and lentils)during rabi *** irrigated or rainfed crops such as rice or wheat that were grown during kharif were not considered suitable for growing during the rabi season,because the moisture/water demand of these crops is too *** study established cropland classes based on the every 16-day 25

关键词： Croplands cropland fallow seasonal rice mapping rice-fallow intensification kharif rabi remote sensing double-cropping mODIS 250 m NDVI spectral matching techniques ground survey data grain legumes potential cropland areas South Asia

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Role of cell-free network communication in alcohol-associated disorders and liver metastasis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第41期27卷 7080-7099页

作者： murali R Kuracha Peter Thomas martin Tobi Benita L mcVicker Department of Internal medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Department of Surgery Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68178United States Research and Development Service Detroit VAMCDetroitMI 48201United States Department of medicine Central Michigan University College of MedicineDetroitMI 48201United States Research Service Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE 68105United States

The aberrant use of alcohol is a major factor in cancer progression and *** mechanisms include the systemic effects of alcohol and the exchange of bioactive molecules between cancerous and non-cancerous cells along the brain-gut-liver *** interplay leads to changes in molecular,cellular,and biological functions resulting in cancer *** investigations have examined the role of extracellular vesicles(EVs)in cancer mechanisms in addition to their contribution as diagnostic ***,EVs are emerging as novel cell-free mediators in pathophysiological scenarios including alcohol-mediated gut microbiome dysbiosis and the release of nanosized EVs into the circulatory ***,EVs in cancer patients are enriched with oncogenes,miRNA,lipids,and glycoproteins whose delivery into the hepatic microenvironment may be enhanced by the detrimental effects of ***-of-concept studies indicate that alcohol-associated liver disease is impacted by the effects of exosomes,including altered immune responses,reprogramming of stromal cells,and remodeling of the extracellular ***,the culmination of alcoholrelated changes in the liver likely contributes to enhanced hepatic metastases and poor outcomes for cancer *** review summarizes the numerous aspects of exosome communications between organs with emphasis on the relationship of EVs in alcohol-associated diseases and cancer *** potential impact of EV cargo and release along a multi-organ axis is highly relevant to the promotion of tumorigenic mechanisms and metastatic *** is hypothesized that EVs target recipient tissues to initiate the formation of prometastatic niches and cancer *** study of alcohol-associated mechanisms in metastatic cancers is expected to reveal a better understanding of factors involved in the growth of secondary malignancies as well as novel approaches for therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Alcohol-associated liver disease Colorectal cancer Liver metastasis Interorgan communication

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Fabrication of Curcumin Encapsulated Chitosan-PVA Silver Nanocomposite Films for Improved Antimicrobial Activity

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2011年第1期2卷 55-64页

作者： K. Vimala murali mohan yallapu K. Varaprasad N. Narayana Reddy S. Ravindra N. Sudhakar Naidu K. mohana Raju 不详

The present study explores the in situ fabrication of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)-silver nanocomposite films in view of their increasing applications as antimicrobial packaging, wound dressing and antibacterial materials. The reduction of silver ions into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is achieved in acidic solution of chitosan (C) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using their functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -NH2 groups). The presence of silver nanoparticles in the chito-san-PVA film is confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Dif-fraction (XRD) analysis. The Scanning Electron microscopic (SEm) images illustrate the presence of embedded silver nanoparticles throughout the films. In addition, the formed silver nanoparticles have an average particle size of ~ 16.5 nm as observed by Transmission Electron microscopy (TEm). The anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity of the chitosan-PVA silver nanoparticle films have demonstrated significant effects against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, micrococcus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). To improve further their therapeutic efficacy as anti-microbial agents, curcumin encapsulated chitosan-PVA silver nanocomposite films are developed which showed enormous growth inhibition of E. coli compared to curcumin and chitosan-PVA silver nanoparticles film alone. Therefore, the present study clearly provides novel antimicrobial films which are potentially useful in preventing/treating infections.

关键词： Silver Nanoparticles Chitosan Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Curcumin Wound Dressing Hydrogel

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Perturbations in Earth's Atmosphere over An Indian Region during the Total Solar Eclipse on 22 July 2009

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Journal of meteorological Research 2019年第4期33卷 784-796页

作者： S.B.Surendra PRASAD Vinay KUmAR K.Krishna REDDY S.K.DHAKA Shristy mALIK m.Venkatarami REDDY U.murali KRISHNA Semi-arid-zone Atmospheric Research Centre SARC Department of Physics Yogi Vemana University Radio and Atmospheric Physics Lab Rajdhani College University of Delhi Department of Applied Physics Delhi Technical University

During a total solar eclipse(TSE) on 22 July 2009, atmospheric perturbations were monitored from the surface to thermosphere to understand TSE’s impact on the meteorological(temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction) and chemical(O3and NOx) parameters around Kadapa(14.28°N, 78.42°E), a tropical semi-arid region of India. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted at Yogi Vemana University Campus, Kadapa, India, to measure the temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and concentrations of ozone(O3), NO, NO2, and NOxby using the automatic weather station(AWS) and O3analyzer. On the eclipse day(22 July 2009), the surface observations at Kadapa showed a reduction in temperature(about 1.1°C) because of the solar insulation. Comparison of the thermal,dynamical(wind), and chemical parameters on the TSE day with control days [preceding(21 July 2009) and succeeding(23 July 2009) the TSE] illustrated the influence of solar eclipse. During the eclipse period, the O3mixing ratio decreased, while NO2and NOxincreased; however, NO remained unchanged. In addition, radio occultation(RO)temperature profiles from Constellation Observing System for meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate(COSmIC)/Formosat Satellite mission(FORmOSAT-3) and Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TImED) satellites were utilized to understand the impact of TSE on dynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere from tropopause to the thermosphere. High vertical resolution COSmIC observations revealed that during the solar eclipse, tropopause was cooler with twin peaks(double tropopause). The lower thermosphere between 110 and 130 km became warmer during the TSE, which might be caused by the dynamical response of the atmosphere in this region to the solar eclipse. The experimental data have provided very fine-scale variations of the atmospheric parameters both in time and height and also constituted a new set of results on TSE for further research.

关键词： total solar eclipse(TSE) atmospheric perturbations tropopause dynamics COSmIC/FORmOSAT-3 satellite radio occultation(RO) observations

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Elastic and Optoelectronic Properties of KCdF3:ab initio Calculations through LDA/GGA/TB-mBJ within FP-LAPW method

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第1期32卷 108-112页

作者： K. Ephraim Babu N. murali K. Vijaya Babu B. Kishore Babu V. Veeraiah modelling and Simulation in materials Science Laboratory Department of Physics Andhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 Andhra Pradesh India Department of Engineering Chemistry A UCE(A) Andhra University Visakhapatnam 530003 Andhra Pradesh India

Ab initio calculations are performed on the electronic, structural, elastic and optical properties of the cubic per- ovskite KCdF3. Tile Kohn Sham equations are solved by applying the full potential linearized augmented plane wave （FP-LAPW） method. The exchange correlation effects are included through the local density approximation （LDA ）, generalized gradient approximation （GGA） and modified Becke-Johnson （mBJ） exchange potential The calculated lattice constant is in good agreement with the experimental result. The elastic properties such as elastic constants, anisotropy factor, shear modulus, Young＇s modulus and Poisson＇s ratio are calculated. KCdF3 is ductile and elastically anisotropic. The calculations of the electronic band structure, density of states （DOS） and charge density show that this compound has an indirect energy band gap （m-F） with a mixed ionic and covalent bonding. The contribution of the different bands is analyzed from the total and partial density of states curves. Optical response of the dielectric functions, optical reflectivity, absorption coefficient, real part of optical conductivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient and electron energy loss, are presented for the energy range of O-40eV. The compound KCdF3 can be used for high-frequency optical and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： GGA Cd Elastic and Optoelectronic Properties of KCdF3:ab initio Calculations through LDA/GGA/TB-mBJ within FP-LAPW method LDA FP

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Spectral matching techniques (SmTs) and automated cropland classification algorithms (ACCAs) for mapping croplands of Australia using mODIS 250-m time-series (2000–2015) data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第9期10卷 944-977页

作者： Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla Prasad S.Thenkabail Jun Xiong murali Krishna Gumma Russell G.Congalton Adam Oliphant Justin Poehnelt Kamini Yadav mahesh Rao Richard massey U.S.Geological Survey(USGS) Western Geographic Science CenterFlagstaffAZUSA Bay Area Environmental Research Institute(BAERI) PetalumaCAUSA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) PatancheruHyderabadIndia Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA Department of Forestry and Wildland Resources Humboldt State UniversityArcataCAUSA School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA

mapping croplands,including fallow areas,are an important measure to determine the quantity of food that is produced,where they are produced,and when they are produced(***).Furthermore,croplands are known as water guzzlers by consuming anywhere between 70%and 90%of all human water use *** these facts and the increase in global population to nearly 10 billion by the year 2050,the need for routine,rapid,and automated cropland mapping year-after-year and/or season-after-season is of great *** overarching goal of this study was to generate standard and routine cropland products,year-after-year,over very large areas through the use of two novel methods:(a)quantitative spectral matching techniques(QSmTs)applied at continental level and(b)rule-based Automated Cropland Classification Algorithm(ACCA)with the ability to hind-cast,now-cast,and *** was chosen for the study given its extensive croplands,rich history of agriculture,and yet nonexistent routine yearly generated cropland products using multi-temporal remote *** research produced three distinct cropland products using moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(mODIS)250-m normalized difference vegetation index 16-day composite time-series data for 16 years:2000 through *** products consisted of:(1)cropland extent/areas versus cropland fallow areas,(2)irrigated versus rainfed croplands,and(3)cropping intensities:single,double,and continuous *** accurate reference cropland product(RCP)for the year 2014(RCP2014)produced using QSmT was used as a knowledge base to train and develop the ACCA algorithm that was then applied to the mODIS time-series data for the years 2000–2015.A comparison between the ACCA-derived cropland products(ACPs)for the year 2014(ACP2014)versus RCP2014 provided an overall agreement of 89.4%(kappa=0.814)with six classes:(a)producer’s accuracies varying between 72%and 90%and(b)user’s accuracies varying between 79%and 90%.ACPs

关键词： Croplands food security automated cropland classification algorithms machine learning algorithms quantitative spectral matching techniques Australia

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Obeticholic acid attenuates human immunodeficiency virus/alcohol metabolism-induced pro-fibrotic activation in liver cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第11期12卷 965-975页

作者： moses New-Aaron murali Ganesan Raghubendra Singh Dagur Kusum K Kharbanda Larisa Y Poluektova Natalia A Osna Department of Environmental Agriculture and Occupational HealthCollege of Public HealthUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68105United States Research Service Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE 68105United States Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States

BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infection is often associated with liver disease,which progresses slowly into severe liver *** are multiple insults which exacerbate HIV-related liver injury,including HIV-associated dysregulation of lipid metabolism and fat turnover,coinfections with hepatotropic viruses and alcohol *** we reported before,exposure of hepatocytes to HIV and alcohol metabolites causes high oxidative stress,impairs proteasomal and lysosomal functions leading to accumulation of HIV in these cells,which end-ups with apoptotic cell death and finally promotes development of liver *** To study whether obeticholic acid(OCA)prevents HIV/ethanol metabolisminduced hepatotoxicity and subsequent activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSC)by HIV+apoptotic hepatocyte *** Huh7.5-CYP(RLW)cells were exposed to HIV and acetaldehyde-generating system(AGS)in the presence or absence of *** the cells,we measured the expression of HIV-related markers:HIVgagRNA-by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR),p24-by western blot,HIV DNA-by semi-nested PCR,integrated HIV DNA-by *** and proteasomal activities were measured using fluorometrically-labeled *** hepatocyte apoptosis,cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP were visualized by western blot and cytokeratin 18-by m30 ELISA-in *** bodies were generated from untreated and HIV-treated RLW cells exposed to UV ***-fibrotic activation of HSC was characterized by Col1A1 and transforming growth factor-βmRNAs,while inflammasome activation-by NLRP3,caspase 1,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1βmRNA *** In RLW cells,OCA treatment attenuated HIV-AGS-induced accumulation of HIVgagRNA,HIV DNA and *** suppressed reactive oxygen species production and restored chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity as well as cathepsin B lysosome *** also decreased HIV-AGS-triggered apoptosis in RLW *** of HI

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Liver Obeticholic acid Alcohol Hepatocytes Fibrosis

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Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in South Indian children with nephrotic syndrome

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2019年第3期33卷 201-207页

作者： Aravind Selvin Kumar Ramanathan Balakrishnan Karuppiah murali Vijayan Kamaraj Raju Dhivakar mani Rathika Chinniah manikandan Thirunavukkarasu Padma malini Ravi Jeyaram Illiayaraja Krishnan Prabha Senguttuvan Department of Pediatric Nephrology Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children Department of medical Genetics The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R.Medical University Department of Immunology School of Biological SciencesMadurai Kamaraj University Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Bharathidasan University Department of Clinical Research Narayana Health City Department of Pediatric Nephrology Dr.Mehta’s Children’s Hospital

Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common childhood kidney diseases. It is mostly found in the age group of 2 to 8 years. Around 10%-15% of nephrotic syndrome cases are non-responders of steroid treatment(SRNS).Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)(I/D) gene association studies are important for detecting kidney disease and herein we assessed the association of ACE(I/D) polymorphism with nephrotic syndrome in South Indian children. We recruited 260 nephrotic syndrome(162 boys and 98 girls) and 218(140 boys and 78 girls) control subjects. ACE I/D polymorphism was analyzed by PCR using genotype allele specific primers. In ACE(I/D), we did not find significant association for the ungrouped data of nephrotic syndrome children and the control subjects. Kidney biopsies were done in 86 nephrotic syndrome cases(minimal change disease, n = 51;focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, n = 27;diffuse mesangial proliferation, n = 8). We segregated them into the minimal change disease/focal segmental glomerulosclerosis groups and observed that the ACE’D’ allele was identified with borderline significance in cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and the ’Ⅰ’ allele was assessed as having very weak association in cases of minimal change disease. ’Ⅱ’ genotype was weakly associated with minimal change disease. Gender specific analysis revealed weak association of’ID’ genotype with female nephrotic syndrome in females. Dominant expression of DD genotype was observed in males with nephrotic syndrome. Our finding indicated that ACE(I/D) has moderate association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. However, due to the limited number of biopsy proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis subjects enrolled, further studies are required to confirm these results.

关键词： angiotensin converting enzyme focal segmental glomerulosclerosis minimal change disease nephrotic syndrome

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In vitro Safety Evaluation and Anticlastogenic Effect of Bacomind^(Tm) on Human Lymphocytes

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2008年第1期21卷 7-23页

作者： DIPANWITA DUTTA DEB PREETI KAPOOR R. P. DIGHE R. PADmAJA m. S. ANAND P. D'SOUZA m. DEEPAK B. murali AmIT AGARWAL Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd 19 K. M. Stone Hosur Road Plot No. 5B Veerasandra Indl. Area Bangalore 560100 India

Objective Bacomind^Tm （Bm） is a standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri, which belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and is a creeping annual plant found throughout the Indian subcontinent. It has been used by Ayurvedic medicinal practitioners in India for almost 3000 years and is classified as a medharasayana, a substance which improves memory and intellect. With the widespread traditional use as well as scientific validation of Bacopa monnieri for nootropic activity, a bioactive-rich unique phytochemical composition-Bacomind^Tm was developed from B. monnieri for use as a cognition and memory enhancing agent. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro toxicity of this formulation of Bacomind^Tm on human lymphocytes and to rule out its possible contribution to mutagenicity. methods In the present investigation the active ingredients present in Bm were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and high performance thin-layer chromatography （HPTLC）. Antioxidant and anticlastogenic properties of Bm were studied in vitro with and without metabolic activation. Doses of Bm were chosen on the basis of mitotic index （mI） and cytokinesis-block proliferation index （CBPI）. Clastogenicity assays were performed at 31.2 μg/mL, 62.5 μg/mL, and 125 μg/mL, while the Salmonella reverse mutation assay （Ames test） was performed at doses of 61.72, 185.18, 555.55, 1666.67, and 5000.00 μg/plate. Results HPLC and HPTLC analysis of Bm revealed the presence of bacoside A3. bacopaside Ⅰ, bacopaside Ⅱ, jujubogenin isomer of bacopasaponin C, bacosine, luteolin, apigenin, bacosine, and β-sitosterol D glucoside. Bm demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. The number of chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of micronuclei induced by Bm were not statistically significant up to a dose of 62.5 μg/mL. A subsequent dose of 125 μg/mL prior to metabolic activation induced mild clastogenicity, but it was found to be biologically insignificant as this ef

关键词： Bacomind^Tm Cytotoxicity Chromosomal aberration Ames test micronucleus, Clastogens Antioxidant High performance liquid chromatography High performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)

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