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Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in COVID-19-infected patients: A systematic review of case reports

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世界临床病例杂志 2023年第24期11卷 5700-5709页

作者： Anwar Khedr Hussam Al Hennawi muhammed khuzzaim khan Aalaa Eissa Mikael Mir Ibtisam Rauf Jain Nitesh Salim Surani Syed Anjum khan Department of Medicine Bronx Care Health SystemBronxNY 10457United States Department of Internal Medicine Jefferson Abington HospitalAbingtonPA 19001United States Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health ScienceKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Medicine Kafrelsheikh UniversityKFS 33511Egypt Department of Medicine University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455United States Department of Medicine St.George’s UniversitySchool of MedicineSt.George SW170REGrenada Department of Critical Care Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Department of Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States

BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)manifests as hyperglycemia,metabolic acidosis,and ***,euglycemic DKA(eu-DKA)conceals severe DKA with glucose levels below 200 mg/***-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors can induce eu-DKA in diabetic ***,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-infected individuals with diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors face an augmented risk of eu-DKA due to the direct toxic impact of the virus on pancreatic *** study aims to comprehensively investigate the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and eu-DKA in COVID-19 patients through meticulous case report ***,we endeavor to examine the outcomes and treatment approaches for COVID-19-infected diabetics receiving SGLT2 inhibitors,providing indispensable insights for healthcare professionals managing this specific patient *** To investigate the connection between SGLT2 inhibitors and euglycemic DKA in COVID-19 patients through a meticulous analysis of case *** We conducted an exhaustive search across prominent electronic databases,including PubMed,SCOPUS,Web of Science,and Google *** search encompassed the period from December 2019 to May 2022,incorporating published studies and *** search terms employed encompassed“SGLT2 inhibitors”,“euglycemic DKA”,“COVID-19”,and related *** incorporating these diverse sources,our objective was to ensure a thorough exploration of the existing literature on this subject,thereby augmenting the validity and robustness of our *** Our search yielded a total of seven case reports and one case series,collectively comprising a cohort of twelve *** reports detailed instances of eu-DKA in individuals with ***,all twelve patients were utilizing SGLT2 as their primary anti-diabetic *** admission,all oral medications were promptly discontinued,and the patients were initiated on intravenous insulin therapy to effectively ma

关键词： Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Diabetic ketoacidosis Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis Diabetes mellitus

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Effect of fibrinolytic therapy on ST-elevation myocardial infarction clinical outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2023年第6期15卷 309-323页

作者： Anwar Khedr Hussam Al Hennawi muhammed khuzzaim khan Mostafa Elbanna Abbas B Jama Ekaterina Proskuriakova Hisham Mushtaq Mikael Mir Sydney Boike Ibtisam Rauf Aalaa Eissa Meritxell Urtecho Thoyaja Koritala Nitesh Jain Lokesh Goyal Salim Surani Syed A khan Department of Internal Medicine BronxCare Health SystemBronxNY 10457United States Department of Internal Medicine Jefferson Abington HospitalAbingtonPA 19001United States Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health ScienceKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine Rochester Regional HealthRochesterNY 14621United States Department of Critical Care Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Department of Internal Medicine Mount Sinai HospitalChicagoIL 60608United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Vincent's Medical CenterBridgeportCT 06606United States Department of Medicine University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455United States Department of Medicine St.George's UniversitySchool of MedicineSt George SW170REGrenada Department of Medicine KFS UniversityKFS 33511Egypt Department of Medicine Robert D and Patricia E.Kern Center of Health Care DeliveryMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Hospital Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States Department of Hospital Medicine Christus Sphon Hospital-shorelineCorpus ChristoTX 78404United States Department of Pulmonary Critical Care&Sleep MedicineTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States Department of Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemMankatoMN 56001United States

BACKGROUND ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)is the result of transmural ischemia of the myocardium and is associated with a high mortality *** percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)is the recommended first-line treatment strategy for patients with *** timely delivery of PPCI became extremely challenging for STEMI patients during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,leading to a projected steep rise in *** delays were overcome by the shift from first-line therapy and the development of modern fibrinolytic-based *** is unclear whether fibrinolytic-based reperfusion therapy is effective in improving STEMI *** To determine the incidence of fibrinolytic therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on STEMI clinical *** PubMed,Google Scholar,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were queried from January 2020 up to February 2022 to identify studies investigating the effect of fibrinolytic therapy on the prognostic outcome of STEMI patients during the *** outcomes were the incidence of fibrinolysis and the risk of all-cause *** were meta-analyzed using the random effects model to derive odds ratios(OR)and 95%confidence *** assessment was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa *** Fourteen studies including 50136 STEMI patients(n=15142 in the pandemic arm;n=34994 in the pre-pandemic arm)were *** mean age was 61 years;79%were male,27%had type 2 diabetes,and 47%were *** with the pre-pandemic period,there was a significantly increased overall incidence of fibrinolysis during the pandemic period[OR:1.80(1.18 to 2.75);I2=78%;P=0.00;GRADE:Very low].The incidence of fibrinolysis was not associated with the risk of all-cause mortality in any *** countries with a low-and middle-income status reported a higher incidence of fibrinolysis[OR:5.16(2.18 to 12.22);I2=81%;P=0.00;GRADE:Very lo

关键词： ST-elevation myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction Thrombolytic therapy Fibrinolysis COVID-19 Pandemics

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Correlation of tumor-associated macrophage density and proportion of M2 subtypes with the pathological stage of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1878-1889页

作者： Fouzia Fazal Muhammad Arsalan khan Sumayya Shawana Rahma Rashid muhammed Mubarak Department of Pathology Jinnah Medical and Dental CollegeKarachi 74800SindhPakistan Department of General Surgery Sindh Institute of Urology&Transplantation(SIUT)Karachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Bahria University of Health SciencesKarachi 74400SindhPakistan Department of Pathology SIUTKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent global malignancy with complex prognostic ***-associated macrophages(TAMs)have shown paradoxical associations with CRC survival,particularly concerning the M2 *** We aimed to establish a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs and explore their correlation with clinicopathological *** A cross-sectional study included histopathological assessment of paraffinembedded tissue blocks obtained from 43 CRC *** CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry,we quantified TAMs in tumor stroma and front,focusing on M2 ***,histopathological,and clinical parameters were *** TAM density was significantly higher at the tumor front,with the M2 proportion three times greater in both *** tumor front had a higher M2 proportion,which correlated significantly with advanced tumor stage(P=0.04),pathological nodal involvement(P=0.04),and lymphovascular invasion(LVI,P=0.01).However,no significant association was found between the M2 proportion in the tumor stroma and clinicopathological *** Our study introduces a simplified protocol for quantifying M2-like TAMs in CRC tissue *** demonstrated a significant correlation between an increased M2 proportion at the tumor front and advanced tumor stage,nodal involvement,and *** suggests that M2-like TAMs might serve as potential indicators of disease progression in CRC,warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Macrophages Tumor stroma M2 subset Tumor front Tumor stage Lymphovascular invasion Prognosis Tumor-associated macrophages Immunohistochemistry

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COVID-19 and cardiac complications:Myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第5期16卷 260-268页

作者： muhammed Gunes Oner Ozdemir Department of Pediatric Cardiology Research and Training Hospital of SakaryaAdapazarı54100SakaryaTürkiye Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Research and Training Hospital of SakaryaSakarya University Medical FacultyAdapazarı54100SakaryaTürkiye

Coronavirus is an important pathogen causing disease in humans and *** the end of 2019,an investigation into an increase in pneumonia cases in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China,found that the cause was a new *** disease,which spread rapidly across China and caused an outbreak worldwide,resulted in a *** this virus has previously been referred to as 2019-nCoV,which causes coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),later it was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus *** were usually asymptomatic and rarely severely *** April 2020,reports from the United Kingdom indicated that children may have Kawasaki disease or a clinical condition similar to toxic shock *** clinical picture was later defined as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in *** then,similarly affected children as well as cases with other cardiac complications have been reported in other parts of the *** this review,we aimed to evaluate COVID-19 in terms of cardiac involvement by reviewing the literature.

关键词： COVID-19 Cardiac complication Myocarditis Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children SARS-CoV-2

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Comparison of resistive index and shear-wave elastography in the evaluation of chronic kidney allograft dysfunction

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 154-163页

作者： Ameet Kumar Jesrani Syed M Faiq Rahma Rashid Tariq Ali Kalwar Rehan Mohsin Tahir Aziz Nida Amin khan muhammed Mubarak Department of Radiology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Transplantation Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Detection of early chronic changes in the kidney allograft is important for timely intervention and long-term *** and novel ultrasound-based investigations are being increasingly used for this purpose with variable *** To compare the diagnostic performance of resistive index(RI)and shear wave elastography(SWE)in the diagnosis of chronic fibrosing changes of kidney allograft with histopathological *** This is a cross-sectional and comparative study.A total of 154 kidney transplant recipients were included in this study,which was conducted at the Departments of Transplantation and Radiology,Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation,Karachi,Pakistan,from August 2022 to February *** consecutive patients with increased serum creatinine levels and reduced glomerular filtration rate(GFR)after three months of transplantation were enrolled in this *** and RI were performed and the findings of these were evaluated against the kidney allograft biopsy results to determine their diagnostic *** The mean age of all patients was 35.32±11.08 *** these,126(81.8%)were males and 28(18.2%)were *** mean serum creatinine in all patients was 2.86±1.68 mg/dL and the mean estimated GFR was 35.38±17.27 mL/min/1.73 *** allograft biopsy results showed chronic changes in 55(37.66%)*** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)of SWE for the detection of chronic allograft damage were 93.10%,96.87%%,94.73%,and 95.87%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.45%.For RI,the sensitivity,specificity,PPV,and NPV were 76.92%,83.33%,70.17%,and 87.62%,respectively,and the diagnostic accuracy was 81.16%.CONCLUSION The results from this study show that SWE is more sensitive and specific as compared to RI in the evaluation of chronic allograft *** can be of great help during the routine follow-up of kidney transplant recipients for screening a

关键词： Shear wave Sonoelastography Resistive index Chronic allograft changes Biopsy Histopathology

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Tumor deposits in axillary adipose tissue in patients with breast cancer:Do they matter?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第6期12卷 1045-1049页

作者： muhammed Mubarak Rahma Rashid Shaheera Shakeel Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan

Tumor deposits(TDs)are defined as discrete,irregular clusters of tumor cells lying in the soft tissue adjacent to but separate from the primary tumor,and are usually found in the lymphatic drainage area of the primary *** definition,no residual lymph node structure should be identified in these tumor *** present,TDs are mainly reported in colorectal cancer,with a few reports in gastric *** are very few reports on breast cancer(BC).For TDs,current dominant theories suggest that these are the result of lymph node metastasis of the tumor with complete destruction of the lymph nodes by the tumor *** some pathologists classify a TD as two lymph node metastases for *** pathologists also believe that TDs belong to the category of disseminated ***,regardless of the origin,TDs are an indicator of poor ***,for BC,sentinel lymph node biopsy is generally used at *** radical axillary lymph node dissection should be adopted for BC with TDs in axillary lymph nodes is still *** present commentary of this clinical issue has certain guiding *** is aimed to increase the awareness of the scientific community towards this under-recognized problem in BC pathology.

关键词： Breast cancer Tumor deposits Lymph node metastasis Staging

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Protection of steel hooks embedded in glass-fiber-reinforced concrete against macrocell corrosion

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 317-326页

作者： Husnu Gerengi muhammed Maraşlı Marziya Rizvi Beni Kohen Ismail Taşkıran Corrosion Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringDuzce University81620DuzceTurkey Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of BergamoBGItaly Fibrobeton Company R&D Center DuzceTurkey Department of Chemistry Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow226003U.PIndia

This study evaluated the corrosion behavior of steel hooks embedded in GFRC,which were protected by a zinc-rich(96%Zn)galvanizing *** coating provided the hooks with active cathodic protection and a passive physical *** corrosion may form when the anode is smaller than the total steel ***,the steel hooks at the embedment juncture were additionally sealed against water ingress and air exchange using a construction *** study was conducted in three phases in a salt-spray ***,the electrogalvanized steel hooks embedded in GFRC were allowed to freely corrode for 7 *** the second phase,the electrogalvanized steel hooks were painted with the zinc-rich coating and observed over 7 *** the third phase,the steel hooks were protected by the zinc-rich coating together with a primer and construction sealant,and observed over 7 *** evaluate the electrogalvanized hooks and the corrosion products formed,the thickness of the material was *** on the metal surface was inferred by studying the surface morphology of the hooks at various points of contact and after different periods of time.

关键词： Steel rebars Concrete corrosion GFRC Galvanization Sealant

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Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the bladder and concomitant urothelial carcinoma: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第3期12卷 551-559页

作者： Sami Berk Ozden muhammed Fatih Simsekoglu Ipek Sertbudak Cetin Demirdag Iclal Gurses Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Department of UrologyIstanbul 34100FatihTurkey Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Department of PathologyIstanbul 34100FatihTurkey

BACKGROUND Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(EMPNST)of the bladder is a rare entity with devastating *** tumors are thought to originate from malignant transformation of pre-existing schwannomas of pelvic autonomic nerve plexuses,and unlike the conventional malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST),are not associated with *** tumor has dis-tinctive morphological,immunohistochemical and molecular ***-tionally,it tends to be more aggressive and have a higher *** is the first case that presents with a synchronous urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the epithelioid variant of MPNST in the ***’s also the second re-ported case of EMPNST originating from the bladder *** SUMMARY In this case report,we present the detailed clinical course of a 71-year-old patient with EMPNST of the bladder alongside a literature *** During the management of EMPNST cases,offering aggressive treatment moda-lities to the patient,such as radical cystectomy,is appropriate for the best chance to contain the disease,regardless of the tumor stage and the extent of local disease at initial diagnosis.

关键词： Epithelioid Peripheral nerve sheath tumor Bladder Case report Urothelial Cystoprostatectomy

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Changes in the terminology and diagnostic criteria of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Implications and opportunities

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2024年第1期15卷 1-8页

作者： muhammed Mubarak Javed I.Kazi Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200Pakistan

Fatty liver disease(FLD)is a highly prevalent pathological liver *** has many and varied etiologies and has heterogeneous clinical course and *** proper nomenclature and classification have been problematic since its initial ***,it was divided into two main categories:Alcoholassociated liver disease and nonalcoholic FLD(NAFLD).Among these,the latter condition has been plagued with nomenclature and classification *** two main objections to its use have been the use of negative(non-alcoholic)and stigmatizing(fatty)terms in its *** attempts were made to address these issues but none achieved universal *** recently,NAFLD has received a new nomenclature from an international collaborative effort based on a rigorous scientific *** has been renamed steatotic liver disease(SLD),and NAFLD as metabolic dysfunction-associated *** dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis was chosen as the replacement terminology for non-alcoholic *** is a significant positive change in the nomenclature and categorization of FLD and will likely have a major impact on research,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of the disease in the future.

关键词： Fatty liver disease Metabolic syndrome Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Steatotic liver disease Steatohepatitis

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Thrombotic microangiopathy after kidney transplantation: Expanding etiologic and pathogenetic spectra

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 84-95页

作者： muhammed Mubarak Amber Raza Rahma Rashid Fnu Sapna Shaheera Shakeel Department of Histopathology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Pathology Montefiore Medical CenterThe University Hospital for Albert Einstein School of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States

Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is an uncommon but serious complication that not only affects native kidneys but also transplanted *** review is specifically focused on post-transplant TMA(PT-TMA)involving kidney transplant *** reported prevalence in the latter population varies from 0.8%to 14%with adverse impacts on both graft and patient *** has many causes and associations,and the list of etiologic agents and associations is growing *** pathogenesis is equally varied and a variety of pathogenetic pathways lead to the development of microvascular injury as the final common ***-TMA is categorized in many ways in order to facilitate its ***,more than one causes are contributory in PT-TMA and it is often difficult to pinpoint one particular cause in an individual ***,the hallmark lesions are endothelial cell injury and intravascular thrombi affecting the *** diagnosis and classification of PT-TMA are imperative for optimal outcomes but are challenging for both clinicians and *** Banff classification has addressed this issue and has developed minimum diagnostic criteria for pathologic diagnosis of PT-TMA in the first *** of the condition is also challenging and still largely *** varies from simple maneuvers,such as plasmapheresis,drug withdrawal or modification,or dose reduction,to lifelong complement blockade,which is very expensive.A thorough understanding of the condition is imperative for an early diagnosis and quick treatment when the treatment is potentially *** review aims to increase the awareness of relevant stakeholders regarding this important,potentially treatable but under-recognized cause of kidney allograft dysfunction.

关键词： Thrombotic microangiopathy Microvascular injury Anemia Thrombocytopenia Kidney allograft failure

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