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Current scenario and potential of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in Pakistan: An overview

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第10期27卷 2238-2250页

作者： Haris Mahmood Khan Chaudhry Haider Ali Tanveer Iqbal Saima Yasin muhammad Sulaiman Hamayoun Mahmood muhammad raashid Mohsin Pasha BozhongMu Department of Chemical Polymer and Composite Materials EngineeringUniversity of Engineering&TechnologyKSK CampusLahore 54890Pakistan East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237China

Biodiesel utilization has been rapidly growing worldwide as the prime alternative to petrodiesel due to a global rise in diesel fuel demand along with hazardous emissions during its thermochemical ***,several debatable issues including feedstock availability and price,fuel and food competition,changes in land use and greenhouse gas emission have been raised by using edible as well as inedible feedstocks for the production of ***,non-crop feedstocks could be a promising *** this article,waste cooking oils have been recommended as a suitable option for biodiesel production bearing in mind the current national *** important factors such as the quantity of waste cooking oil produced,crude oil and vegetable oil import expenses,high-speed diesel imports,waste management issues and environmental hazards are ***,process simulation and operating cost evaluation of an acid catalyzed biodiesel production unit are also *** simulation results show that the production cost of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel is about 0.66 USD·*** believe that the present overview would open new pathways and ideas for the development of biofuels from waste to energy approach in Pakistan.

关键词： Biodiesel Waste cooking oil Feedstock sustainability Energy demand Pakistan

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Giant cell arteritis: Current treatment and management

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第6期3卷 484-494页

作者： Cristina Ponte Ana Filipa Rodrigues Lorraine O'Neill raashid Ahmed Luqmani Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford OX1 2JD United Kingdom Department of Rheumatology Hospital de Santa Maria CHLN Lisbon Academic Medical Centre 1649-035 Lisbon Portugal Department of Internal Medicine Hospital das Caldas da Rainha Centro Hospitalar Oeste 2500-176 Caldas da Rainha Portugal Department of Rheumatology St Vincent’s University Hospital Dublin Ireland

Glucocorticoids remain the cornerstone of medicaltherapy in giant cell arteritis(GCA) and should be started immediately to prevent severe consequences of the disease, such as blindness. However, glucocorticoid therapy leads to significant toxicity in over 80% of the patients. Various steroid-sparing agents have been tried, but robust scientific evidence of their efficacy and safety is still lacking. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal IL-6 receptor blocker, has shown promising results in a number of case series and is now being tested in a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Other targeted treatments, such as the use of abatacept, are also now under investigation in GCA. The need for surgical treatment is rare and should ideally be performed in a quiescent phase of the disease. Not all patients follow the same course, but there are no valid biomarkers to assess therapy response. Monitoring of disease progress still relies on assessing clinical features and measuring inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Imaging techniques(e.g., ultrasound) are clearly important screening tools for aortic aneurysms and assessing patients with largevessel involvement, but may also have an important role as biomarkers of disease activity over time or in response to therapy. Although GCA is the most common form of primary vasculitis, the optimal strategies for treatment and monitoring remain uncertain.

关键词： Giant cell arteritis Therapy Disease management Glucocorticoids Immunosuppressive agents

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Hodgkin lymphoma masquerading as perforated gallbladder adenocarcinoma:A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第10期13卷 1279-1284页

作者： Michelle Manesh Reynold Henry Shea Gallagher Michael Greas Mohd raashid Sheikh Shannon Zielsdorf Department of Surgery University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033United States Department of Pathology University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033United States

BACKGROUND There are several case reports of acute cholecystitis as the initial presentation of lymphoma of the gallbladder;all reports describe non-Hodgkin lymphoma or its subtypes on histopathology of the gallbladder tissue ***,there is no description in the literature of Hodgkin lymphoma causing hilar lymphadenopathy,inevitably presenting as ruptured cholecystitis with imaging mimicking gallbladder *** SUMMARY A 48-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus presented with progressive abdominal pain,jaundice,night sweats,weakness,and unintended weight loss for one ***-up revealed a mass in the region of the porta hepatis causing obstructions of the cystic and common hepatic ducts,gallbladder rupture,as well as retroperitoneal *** clinical picture and imaging findings were suspicious for locally advanced gallbladder adenocarcinoma causing ruptured cholecystitis and cholangitis,with metastases to retroperitoneal lymph *** invasive techniques,including endoscopic duct brushings and percutaneous lymph node biopsy,were inadequate for tissue ***,this case required exploratory laparo-tomy,open cholecystectomy,and periaortic lymph node dissection for histopathological assessment and definitive *** lymphoma was present in the lymph nodes while the gallbladder specimen had no evidence of *** This clinical scenario highlights the importance of histopathological assessment in diagnosing gallbladder malignancy in a patient with gallbladder perforation and a grossly positive positron emission tomography/computed tomography *** both gallbladder adenocarcinoma and Hodgkin lymphoma,medical and surgical therapies must be tailored to the specific disease entity in order to achieve optimal long-term survival rates.

关键词： Hodgkin lymphoma Gallbladder perforation Acute cholecystitis Gallbladder adenocarcinoma Case report

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