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Structural and optical properties of thermally reduced graphene oxide for energy devices

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第8期26卷 346-352页

作者： Ayesha jamil Faiza Mustafa Samia Aslam Usman Arshad muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyLahore 54000Pakistan

Natural intercalation of the graphite oxide, obtained as a product of Hummer＇s method, via ultra-sonication of water dispersed graphite oxide has been carried out to obtain graphene oxide（GO） and thermally reduced graphene oxide（RGO）.Here we report the effect of metallic nitrate on the oxidation properties of graphite and then formation of metallic oxide（MO） composites with GO and RGO for the first time. We observed a change in the efficiency of the oxidation process as we replaced the conventionally used sodium nitrate with that of nickel nitrate Ni（NO_3）_2, cadmium nitrate Cd（NO_3）_2,and zinc nitrate Zn（NO_3）_2. The structural properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction and observed the successful formation of composite of MO–GO and MO–RGO（M = Zn, Cd, Ni）. We sought to study the effect on the oxidation process through optical characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared（FTIR） ***, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis（TGA） was carried out to confirm 〉 90% weight loss in each process thus proving the reliability of the oxidation cycles. We have found that the nature of the oxidation process of graphite powder and its optical and electrochemical characteristics can be tuned by replacing the sodium nitrate（NaNO_3） by other metallic nitrates as Cd（NO_3）_2, Ni（NO_3）_2, and Zn（NO_3）_2. On the basis of obtained results, the synthesized GO and RGO may be expected as a promising material in antibacterial activity and in electrodes fabrication for energy devices such as solar cell, fuel cell,and super capacitors.

关键词： thermal properties of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide optical properties structuralproperties fuel cell composite materials

A Machine Learning Approach for Early COVID-19 Symptoms Identification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 3803-3820页

作者： Omer Ali Mohamad Khairi Ishak muhammad kamran Liaquat Bhatti School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)Nibong Tebal14300PenangMalaysia Department of Electrical Engineering NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology(NFC IET)Multan60000Pakistan

Symptom identification and early detection are the first steps towards a health condition ***-19 virus causes pneumonialike symptoms such as fever,cough,and shortness of ***-19 contraction tests necessitate extensive clinical protocols in medical *** studies help with the accurate analysis of COVID-19,where the virus has already spread to the lungs in most *** majority of existing supervised machine learning-based disease detection techniques are based on clinical data like x-rays and computerized *** is heavily reliant on a larger clinical study and does not emphasize early symptom *** aim of this study is to investigate anomalies in patient physiological data for early COVID-19 symptoms *** this context,two of the most prevalent symptoms,fever and cough,were examined in a two-fold manner utilizing an unsupervised machine *** examine disease progression,physiological features from a chest-worn device were ***,a Single Vector Activity Index(SVAI)parameter is proposed to monitor the breathing and cough ***,the dataset’s variance is examined using the DBSCAN method for clustering and outlier ***,the model accuracy is evaluated to identify outliers on real-time data based on feature dissimilarities,yielding an overall detection accuracy of 90.34%.

关键词： COVID-19 symptoms identification machine learning dbscan

Influence of Seed Priming on Performance and Water Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice in Alternating Wetting and Drying

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Rice science 2015年第4期22卷 189-196页

作者： Hafeez Ur REHMAN muhammad kamran Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed BASRA Irfan AFZAL muhammad FAROOQ Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad Institute of Agriculture University of Western Australia College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University

Direct seeded rice is promising alternative to traditional transplanting, but requires appropriate crop and water management to maintain yield performance and achieve high water productivity. Present study evaluated the effect of seed priming and irrigation on crop establishment, tillering, agronomic traits, paddy yield, grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice in alternate wetting and drying （DSR-AWD） in comparison with direct seeded rice at field capacity （DSR- FC）. Seed priming treatments were osmo-priming with KCI （2.2%）, CaCI2 （2.2%） and moringa leaf extracts （MLE, 3.3%） including hydro-priming as control. Among the treatments, seed osmo-primed with MLE emerged earlier and had higher final emergence, followed by osmo-priming with CaCI2. Tillering emergence rate and number of tillers per plant were the highest for seed priming with CaCI2 in DSR- AWD. Total productive and non-productive tillers, panicle length, biological and grain yields, harvest index were highest for seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 in DSR-AWD. Similarly, grain quality, estimated in terms of normal grains, abortive and chalky grains, was also the highest in DSR-AWD with MLE osmo-priming. Benefit cost ratio and water productivity was also the highest in DSR-AWD for seed priming with MLE. In conclusion, seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 can be successfully employed to improve the direct seeded rice performance when practiced with alternate wetting and drying irrigation.

关键词： crop establishment grain filling rate seed priming water productivity yield direct seededrice alternating wetting and drying grain quality

SDN Based DDos Mitigating Approach Using Traffic Entropy for IoT Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5651-5665页

作者： muhammad Ibrahim muhammad Hanif Shabir Ahmad Faisal jamil Tayyaba Sehar YunJung Lee DoHyeun Kim Department of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju-siJeju Special Self-Governing Province63243Korea Virtual University Islamabad Pakistan Department of IT Convergence Engineering Gachon UniversitySujeong-GuSeongnam-SiGyeonggi-Do461-701Korea Department of Computer Science and Statistics Jeju National UniversityKorea

The Internet of Things(IoT)has been widely adopted in various domains including smart cities,healthcare,smart factories,*** the last few years,the fitness industry has been reshaped by the introduction of smart fitness solutions for individuals as well as fitness *** IoT fitness devices collect trainee data that is being used for various ***,it will face numerous security and privacy issues towards its *** work focuses on IoT security,especially DoS/DDoS *** this paper,we have proposed a novel blockchain-enabled protocol(BEP)that uses the notion of a self-exposing node(SEN)approach for securing fitness IoT *** blockchain and SDN architectures are employed to enhance IoT security by a highly preventive security monitoring,analysis and response *** proposed approach helps in detecting the DoS/DDoS attacks on the IoT fitness system and then mitigating the *** BEP is used for handling Blockchain-related activities and SEN could be a sensor or actuator node within the fitness IoT *** provides information about the inbound and outbound traffic to the BEP which is used to analyze the DoS/DDoS attacks on the fitness IoT *** SENcalculates the inbound and outbound traffic features’entropies and transmits them to the Blockchain in the form of transaction *** BEP picks the whole mined blocks’transactions and transfers them to the SDN controller *** controller node correlates the entropies data of SENs and decides about the DoS or DDoS ***,there are two decision points,one is SEN,and another is the *** evaluate the performance of our proposed system,several experiments are performed and results concerning the entropy values and attack detection rate are *** proposed approach has outperformed the other two approaches concerning the attack detection rate by an increase of 11%and 18%against Approach 1 and Approach 2 respectively.

关键词： SDN control plane load balancing decision tree CPU utilization

A New Method to Evaluate Linear Programming Problem in Bipolar Single-Valued Neutrosophic Environment

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第11期129卷 881-906页

作者： jamil Ahmed Majed G.Alharbi muhammad Akram Shahida Bashir Department of Mathematics University of GujratGujratPakistan Department of Mathematics College of Arts and SciencesMethnabQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabNew CampusLahorePakistan

A bipolar single-valued neutrosophic set can deal with the hesitation relevant to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios,where bipolar fuzzy sets may fail to handle those hesitation *** this study,we first develop a new method for solving linear programming problems based on bipolar singlevalued neutrosophic ***,we apply the score function to transform bipolar single-valued neutrosophic problems into crisp linear programming ***,we apply the proposed technique to solve fully bipolar single-valued neutrosophic linear programming problems with non-negative triangular bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TBSvNNs)and non-negative trapezoidal bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers(TrBSvNNs).

关键词： Bipolar single-valued neutrosophic numbers score function trapezoidal numbers linear programming

Advances and challenges of methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for the direct methanol fuel cell

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第2期77卷 499-513,I0013页

作者： muhammad Aizaz Ud Din muhammad Idrees Sidra jamil Syed Irfan Ghazanfar Nazir muhammad Ahmad Mudassir muhammad Shahrukh Saleem Saima Batool Nanpu Cheng Rahman Saidur School of Materials and Energy Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Additive Manufacturing Institute College of Mechatronics and Control EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies School of Materials and EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China School of Materials Science and Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808GuangdongChina Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan 64200Pakistan Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology8600 DübendorfSwitzerland Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia Department of Engineering Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom

Methanol cross-over effects from the anode to the cathode are important parameters for reducing catalytic performance in direct methanol fuel cells.A promising candidate catalyst for the cathode in direct methanol fuel cells must have excellent activity toward oxygen reduction reaction and resistance to methanol oxidation *** review focuses on the methanol tolerant noble metal-based electrocatalysts,including platinum and palladium-based alloys,noble metal–carbon based composites,transition metal-based catalysts,carbon-based metal catalysts,and metal-free *** understanding of the correlation between the activity and the synthesis method,electrolyte environment and stability issues are *** the transition metal-based catalyst,their activity,stability and methanol tolerance in direct methanol fuel cells and comparisons with those of platinum are particularly ***,strategies to enhance the methanol tolerance and hinder the generation of mixed potential in direct methanol fuel cells are also *** review provides a perspective for future developments for the scientist in selecting suitable methanol tolerate catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and designing high-performance practical direct methanol fuel cells.

关键词： Oxygen reducing reaction Methanol tolerant electrocatalyst Portable power sources Direct methanol Fuel cell

The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan

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Financial Innovation 2020年第1期6卷 56-68页

作者： muhammad kamran Khan muhammad Imran Khan muhammad Rehan School of Economics Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunJilinChina

Developing countries are facing the problem of environmental *** degradation is caused by the use of non-renewable energy consumptions for economic growth but the consequences of environmental degradation cannot be *** primary purpose of this study is to investigate the nexus between energy consumption,economic growth and CO_(2) emission in Pakistan by using annual time series data from 1965 to *** estimated results of ARDL indicate that energy consumption and economic growth increase the CO_(2) emissions in Pakistan both in short run and long *** on the estimated results it is recommended that policy maker in Pakistan should adopt and promote such renewable energy sources that will help to meet the increased demand for energy by replacing old traditional energy sources such as coal,gas,and *** energy sources are reusable that can reduce the CO_(2) emissions and also ensure sustainable economic development of Pakistan.

关键词： Energy consumption Economic growth CO_(2)emissions ARDL

Lanthanum chloride improves maize grain yield by promoting photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidants enzymes and endogenous hormone at reproductive stages

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第7期37卷 781-790页

作者： Wenwen Cui muhammad kamran Quanhao Song Bingyun Zuo Zhikuan Jia Qingfang Han Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid of ChinaNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Zhumadian Academy of Industry Innovation and Development Huanghuai UniversityZhumadian 463000China Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhumadian 463000China

Despite an increase in application spectrum of rare earth elements in agriculture, all studies show that the suitable accumulation of rare earth elements can improve the crop seedling growth, but there is little research about REEs on physiological mechanisms of crops at reproductive stages. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the possible potential benefits of lanthanum chloride(LaCl3) on the senescence and grain yield responses of maize. In this study, maize seeds were pre-treated by soaking with LaCl3 at the concentrations of 0(CK), 400(LC1), 800(LC2) and 1200(LC3) μmol/L, to evaluate its effect on the green leaf area, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, antioxidants, endogenous hormones in the later crop growth stages. The results show that LC1 and LC2 treatments evidently increase green leaf area, above ground dry biomass, accompanied by a distinct increase in the chlorophyll contents, and photo synthetic capacity, which promote the ear characteristics and grain yield of maize. In addition, LC1 and LC2 treatments simultaneously increase the activities of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutases, catalases, peroxidases, soluble protein, and enhanced levels of auxin, gibberellin and zeatin,following a dose-response tendency. Themalondialdehyde and abscisic acid levels transiently increase with the progression in the growth stage of the crop but are markedly decreased at LC1 and LC2 treatments, while LC3 treatment has no significant effect on malondialdehyde and even accelerates the accumulation of abscisic acid in maize leaves. Our data suggest that seed priming with LaCl3 at a suitable concentration range(400-800 μmol/L) can prolong the functional periods of leaves, increase photosynthetic capacity, enhance antioxidant activity, and alter endogenous hormone levels at reproductive stages, resulting in delaying leaf senescence rate and increasing yield. However, the moderate concentration of LaCl3 for maize is LC2(800 μmol/L), and can be effectiv

关键词： Seed priming LaCl3 Maize Photosynthesis Antioxidants Endogenous hormones

Axial Couette flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid in an annulus

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2012年第1期2卷 49-54页

作者： muhammad jamil Najeeb Alam Khan A bdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences GC University Department of Mathematics NED University of Engineering&TechnologyKarachi-75270Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of Karachi

This paper establishes the velocity field and the adequate shear stress corresponding to the motion of an Oldroyd-B fluid between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders by means of finite Hankel transforms. The flow of the fluid is produced by the inner cylinder which applies a time-dependent longitudinal shear stress to the fluid. The exact analytical solutions, presented in series form in terms of Bessel functions, satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The general solutions can be easily specialized to give similar solutions for Maxwell, second grade and Newtonian fluids performing the same motion. Finally, some characteristics of the motion as well as the influence of the material parameters on the behavior of the fluid motion are graphically illustrated.

关键词： Oldroyd-B fluid velocity field time-dependent shear stress Hankel transform