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An Abstractive Summarization Technique with Variable Length Keywords as per Document Diversity

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2409-2423页

作者： muhammad Yahya Saeed muhammad Awais muhammad Younas muhammad arif Shah Atif Khan M.irfan Uddin Marwan Mahmoud Department of Software Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of IT and Computer Science Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripurPakistan Department of Computer Science Islamia College PeshawarPeshawarPakistan Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan Faculty of Applied Studies King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Text Summarization is an essential area in text mining,which has procedures for text *** natural language processing,text summarization maps the documents to a representative set of descriptive ***,the objective of text extraction is to attain reduced expressive contents from the text *** summarization has two main areas such as abstractive,and extractive *** text summarization has further two approaches,in which the first approach applies the sentence score algorithm,and the second approach follows the word embedding *** such text extractions have limitations in providing the basic theme of the underlying *** this paper,we have employed text summarization by TF-IDF with PageRank keywords,sentence score algorithm,and Word2Vec word *** study compared these forms of the text summarizations with the actual text,by calculating cosine ***,TF-IDF based PageRank keywords are extracted from the other two extractive *** intersection over these three types of TD-IDF keywords to generate the more representative set of keywords for each text document is *** technique generates variable-length keywords as per document diversity instead of selecting fixedlength keywords for each *** form of abstractive summarization improves metadata similarity to the original text compared to all other forms of summarized *** also solves the issue of deciding the number of representative keywords for a specific text *** evaluate the technique,the study used a sample of more than eighteen hundred text *** abstractive summarization follows the principles of deep learning to create uniform similarity of extracted words with actual text and all other forms of text *** proposed technique provides a stable measure of similarity as compared to existing forms of text summarization.

关键词： Metadata page rank sentence score word2vec cosine similarity This

Deepdive:a learning-based approach for virtual camera in immersive contents

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2022年第3期4卷 247-262页

作者： muhammad irfan muhammad MUNSIF Department of Computer Science Oakland UniversityMichiganUSA Digital Image Processing Laboratory Islamia CollegePeshawarPakistan

A 360°video stream provide users a choice of viewing one's own point of interest inside the immersive *** head or hand manipulations to view the interesting scene in a 360°video is very tedious and the user may view the interested frame during his head/hand movement or even lose *** automatically extracting user's point of interest(UPI)in a 360°video is very challenging because of subjectivity and difference of *** handle these challenges and provide user's the best and visually pleasant view,we propose an automatic approach by utilizing two CNN models:object detector and aesthetic score of the *** proposed framework is three folded:pre-processing,Deepdive architecture,and view selection *** first fold,an input 360°video-frame is divided into three sub frames,each one with 120°*** second fold,each sub-frame is passed through CNN models to extract visual features in the sub-frames and calculate aesthetic ***,decision pipeline selects the sub frame with salient object based on the detected object and calculated aesthetic *** compared to other state-of-the-art techniques which are domain specific approaches i.e.,support sports 360°video,our syste m support most of the 360°videos *** evaluation of proposed framework on our own collected data from various websites indicate performance for different categories of 360°videos.

关键词： Virtual reality Immersive contents Deep learning Aesthetic Saliency

On Hiding Secret Information in Medium Frequency DCT Components Using Least Significant Bits Steganography

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第3期118卷 529-546页

作者： Sahib Khan M A irfan Arslan arif Syed Tahir Hussain Rizvi Asma Gul muhammad Naeem Nasir Ahmad Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di Torino10129 TorinoItaly Department of Computer Engineering University of LahorePakistan Department of Statistics Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University PeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Science University of PeshawarPakistan Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Loughborough UniversityUnited Kingdom

This work presents a new method of data hiding in digital images,in discrete cosine transform *** proposed method uses the least significant bits of the medium frequency components of the cover image for hiding the secret information,while the low and high frequency coefficients are kept *** unaltered low frequency DCT coefficients preserves the quality of the smooth region of the cover image,while no changes in the high DCT coefficient preserve the quality of the *** the medium frequency components have less contribution towards energy and image details,so the modification of these coefficients for data hiding results in high quality stego *** distortion due to the changes in the medium frequency coefficients is insignificant to be detected by the human visual *** proposed methods demonstrated a hiding capacity of 43:11%with the stego image quality of a peak signal to the noise ration of 36:3 dB,which is significantly higher than the threshold of 30 dB for a stego image *** proposed technique is immune to steganalysis and has proved to be highly secured against both spatial and DCT domain steganalysis techniques.

关键词： DCT steganography image processing information security data hiding steganalyisis

Securing Cloud-Encrypted Data:Detecting Ransomware-as-a-Service(RaaS)Attacks through Deep Learning Ensemble

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 857-873页

作者： Amardeep Singh Hamad Ali Abosaq Saad arif Zohaib Mushtaq muhammad irfan Ghulam Abbas Arshad Ali Alanoud Al Mazroa School of Computer Information Sciences University of CumberlandsWilliamsburgKentucky40769USA Computer Science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer SystemsCollege of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Islamic University of MadinahMadinah42351Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Data security assurance is crucial due to the increasing prevalence of cloud computing and its widespread use across different industries,especially in light of the growing number of cybersecurity threats.A major and everpresent threat is Ransomware-as-a-Service(RaaS)assaults,which enable even individuals with minimal technical knowledge to conduct ransomware *** study provides a new approach for RaaS attack detection which uses an ensemble of deep learning *** this purpose,the network intrusion detection dataset“UNSWNB15”from the Intelligent Security Group of the University of New South Wales,Australia is *** the initial phase,the rectified linear unit-,scaled exponential linear unit-,and exponential linear unit-based three separate Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)models are ***,using the combined predictive power of these three MLPs,the RansoDetect Fusion ensemble model is introduced in the suggested *** proposed ensemble technique outperforms previous studieswith impressive performance metrics results,including 98.79%accuracy and recall,98.85%precision,and 98.80%*** empirical results of this study validate the ensemble model’s ability to improve cybersecurity defenses by showing that it outperforms individual *** expanding the field of cybersecurity strategy,this research highlights the significance of combined deep learning models in strengthening intrusion detection systems against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud encryption RaaS ensemble threat detection deep learning cybersecurity

Estimation of soil carbon pools in the forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2313-2321页

作者： Anwar Ali muhammad irfan Ashraf Saeed Gulzar muhammad Akmal Bilal Ahmad Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Soil Science PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Forest soils have high carbon densities compared to other *** carbon sequestration is important to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the *** eff ective climate change mitigation strategy involves limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases from *** Pakhtunkhwa is the most forested province of Pakistan,hosting about one-third of the country’s 4.5×106 ha forest *** organic carbon in the province’s forests was estimated through a fi eld-based study carried out during 2014–17 covering the whole *** was collected from 373 sample plots laid out in diff erent forest types using a stratifi ed cluster sampling *** total quantity of soil organic carbon was estimated at 59.4×106 t with an average of 52.4±5.3 t/*** 69%of the total soil carbon is present in temperate *** broad-leaved and subtropical pine forests constitute 11.4%and 8.8%of the soil carbon stock ***,subalpine and oak forests have respective shares of 5.1%and 5.7%in the soil carbon *** lowest carbon stock(0.1%)was found in dry-tropical thorn *** highest soil carbon density was found in subalpine forests(69.5±7.2 t/ha)followed by moist temperate forests(68.5±6.7 t/ha)and dry temperate forests(60.7±6.5 t/ha).Oak forests have carbon density of 43.4±7.1 t/*** pine,subtropical broad-leaved and dry tropical thorn forests have soil carbon densities of 36.3±3.7,32.8±6.2 and 31.5±3.5 t/ha,*** forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have substantial amounts of soil carbon which must be conserved for climate change mitigation and maintenance of sound forest health.

关键词： Soil carbon Carbon sequestration Climate change Carbon sink Forests Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Neural stem cell-based in vitro bioassay for the assessment of neurotoxic potential of water samples

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第3期33卷 72-86页

作者： muhammad irfan Masood Natalie Tamara Hauke muhammad Jawad Nasim muhammad Sarfraz Mahrukh Naseem Karl Herbert Schäfer Division of Bioorganic Chemistry School of PharmacySaarland UniversityD-66123 SaarbrückenGermany Applied Life Sciences University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern66482 ZweibrückenGermany ENS Group University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern66482 ZweibrückenGermany Abwasserverband Bergstrasse Altau 1069469 WeinheimGermany Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences54000 LahorePakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87550Pakistan

Intensive agriculture activities,industrialization and growing numbers of wastewater treatment plants along river banks collectively contribute to the elevated levels of neurotoxic pollutants in natural water reservoirs across *** established an in vitro bioassay based upon neural stem cells isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal mouse to evaluate the neurotoxic potential of raw wastewater,treated sewage effluent,groundwater and drinking *** toxic potential of water samples was evaluated employing viability,proliferation,differentiation and migration *** found that raw wastewater could reduce the viability and proliferation of neural stem cells,and decreased the neuronal and astrocyte differentiation,neuronal neurite growth,astrocyte growth and cell *** sewage water also showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and *** results indicated that relatively high concentrations of nitrogenous substances,pesticides,mercuric compounds,bisphenol-A,and phthalates,along with some other pollutants in raw wastewater and treated sewage water,might be the reason for the neuroinhibitory effects of these water *** model successfully predicted the neurotoxicity of water samples collected from different sources and also revealed that the incomplete removal of contaminants from wastewater can be problematic for the developing nervous *** presented data also provides strong evidence that more effective treatments should be used to minimize the contamination of water before release into major water bodies which may be considered as water reservoirs for human usage in the future.

关键词： Neural stem cells Subventricular zone Neurotoxicity Bioassay Treated sewage effluents Pesticides

Synthesis and Single Crystal X-ray Studies of 3-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) Quinoline and 3-(4-Fluoro-3-methylphenyl) Quinoline

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第1期33卷 90-96页

作者： Malik Aman Ullah muhammad Adeel muhammad Nawaz Tahir muhammad Raza Shah irfan Ullah Department of Chemistry Gomal University Department of Physics University of Sargodha ICCBS HEJ Research Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Karachi

The title compounds 3-（3,5-bis（trifluoromethyl）phenyl）quinoline （1） and 3-（4- fluoro-3-methylphenyl）quinoline （2） were synthesized through Suzuki-Miyaura Cross coupling reaction of 3-bromoquinoloine with aryl boronic acids. The title compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, El-MS, elemental analysis and IR. The crystals of 3-（3,5-bis（trifluoromethyl）phenyl）quinoline （C17H9F6N, Mr = 341.25） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21n, a = 12.3072（13）, b = 4.9378（6）, c = 24.493（2） A, V= 1473.1（3） A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.539 Mg m-3, 2 - 0.71073A, μ = 0.144 mm^-1, F（000） = 688, the final R = 0.0715 and wR = 0.1873 for 1875 obserwed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I） and the crystal of 3-（4-fluoro-3- methylphenyl）quinoline （C16H12FN, Mr= 237.27） belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pca21, a = 23.794（2）, b = 3.9094（3）, c = 25.669（2） A, V = 2387.7（4） A3, Z = 8, D, = 1.320 Mg m-3, 2 = 0.71073 A, μ = 0.088 mm-1, F（000） = 992, the final R = 0.0534 and wR = 0.1188 for 2270 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）.

关键词： 3-bromoquinoline crystal structure Pd(PPh3)3 boronic acid suzuki coupling

A systematic review of urban terrorism literature:Root causes,thematic trends,and future directions

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第3期5卷 249-265页

作者： muhammad Noor E Elahi Mirza irfan Ahmad Rana Departnent of Urban&Regional Planning School of Civil&Environmental Engineering(SCEE) National University of Sciences&Technology(NUST)Sector H-12IslamabadPakistan

Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and ***,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably ***,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring *** study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation *** findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the *** studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban *** analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to *** analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and *** study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.

关键词： Urban terrorism War on terror Intentional hazards Counterterrorism Resilient cities

Appraisal of MsepCSP14 for chemosensory functions in Mythimna separata

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 162-176页

作者： Aneela Younas muhammad irfan Waris muhammad Shaaban muhammad Tahir ul Qamar Man-Qun Wang College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530005China

Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have great contributions in performing diverse functions in insects. However, physiological appraisal of chemosensory protein genes still remains elusive in insects. We studied expression patterns and binding affinities of MsepCSP14, a chemosensory protein, in Mythimna separata. The distinct functions of MsepCSP14 were validated by employing different molecular techniques. The MsepCSP14 had high resemblance of sequence with chemosensory proteins of other insect family members. The MsepCSP14 expression was higher in antennal tissues of females than other tissues. Fluorescence binding assay validated that binding of nine out of 21 ligands to MsepCSP14 was higher at pH 7.4 than at pH 5.0. Three dimensional modeling (3D) and docking analysis predicted that amino acid residues of MsepCSP14 were involved in binding of compounds, and behavior assay displayed that adults of M. separata considerably responded to four volatiles from compounds demonstrating strong binding ability to MsepCSP14. Results of the present study suggest that MsepCSP14 is likely to mediate chemosensory functions in M. separata.

关键词： chemoreception expression pattern fluorescent binding olfaction oriental army worm Y-tube