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A novel hybrid cybersecurity scheme against false data injection attacks in automated power systems

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2023年第3期8卷 1-15页

作者： Shahbaz Hussain S.M.Suhail Hussain Marziyeh Hemmati atif Iqbal Rashid Alammari Stefano Zanero Enrico Ragaini Giambattista Gruosso Department of Electrical Engineering Qatar UniversityDohaQatar Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e BioingegneriaPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly Department of Electrical Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(KFUPM)DhahranSaudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals(KFUPM)DhahranSaudi Arabia

The conventional power systems are evolving as smart grids.In recent times cyberattacks on smart grids have been increasing.Among different attacks,False Data Injection(FDI)is considered as an emerging threat that has significant impact.By exploiting the vulnerabilities of IEC 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events(GOOSE)and Sam-pled Values(SV)attackers can launch different FDI attacks.In this paper,a real-time set up capable of simulating FDI on GOOSE and SV protocols is developed to evaluate the impact of such attacks on power grid.IEC 62351 stipulates cybersecurity guidelines for GOOSE and SV,but only at communication or Information Technology(IT)level.Hence there is a need to develop a holistic security both at IT and Operation Technology(OT)level.In this regard,a novel sequence content resolver-based hybrid security scheme suitable to tackle FDI attacks on GOOSE and SV is proposed.Furthermore,the computational performance of the proposed hybrid security scheme is presented to demonstrate its applicability to the time critical GOOSE and SV protocols.

关键词： Cyberattacks False data injection Real time digital simulation IEC 61850 Communication protocols Control authority Countermeasures

Towards Prevention of Sportsmen Burnout:Formal Analysis of Sub-Optimal Tournament Scheduling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1509-1526页

作者： Syed Rameez Naqvi Adnan Ahmad S.M.Riazul Islam Tallha Akram M.Abdullah-Al-Wadud atif Alamri Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusWah47040Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Software Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

Scheduling a sports tournament is a complex optimization problem,which requires a large number of hard constraints to satisfy.Despite the availability of several such constraints in the literature,there remains a gap sincemost of the new sports events pose their own unique set of requirements,and demand novel constraints.Specifically talking of the strictly time bound events,ensuring fairness between the different teams in terms of their rest days,traveling,and the number of successive games they play,becomes a difficult task to resolve,and demands attention.In this work,we present a similar situation with a recently played sports event,where a suboptimal schedule favored some of the sides more than the others.We introduce various competitive parameters to draw a fairness comparison between the sides and propose a weighting criterion to point out the sides that enjoyed this schedule more than the others.Furthermore,we use root mean squared error between an ideal schedule and the actual ones for each side to determine unfairness in the distribution of rest days across their entire schedules.The latter is crucial,since successively playing a large number of games may lead to sportsmen burnout,which must be prevented.

关键词： Sports scheduling optimization constraint programming fatigue analysis

Investigation of functional,physical,mechanical and thermal properties of TiO2 embedded polyester hybrid composites:A design of experiment(DoE)study

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第3期28卷 266-274页

作者： muhammad Azeem Munawar Dirk Wolfram Schubert Shahzad Maqsood Khan muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Nafisa Gulld atif Islam Aneela Sabir muhammad Shafiq Bilal Haider Mudassar Azam Saba Urooge Khan Monika M.Voigt Institute of Polymer Materials Friedrich-Alexander-University Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology University of the Punjab Bavarian Polymer Institute Institute of Biomaterials Friedrich-Alexander-University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of the Punjab

This paper presents a study on the Design of Experiments(Do E) approach to optimize the fabrication parameters of titania(TiO2) embedded glass fiber reinforced polyester hybrid composites(HCs). HCs of unsaturated polyester resin(UPR) were fabricated using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide(MEKP) as the curing agent by hand lay-up process(HLUP) and compression molding technique(CMT). The fabrication parameters were optimized by Taguchi Do E(an orthogonal array of L25) using 3 control factors(concentration of TiO2, concentration of MEKP and curing temperature) having 5 levels each. Statistical tools were employed to identify significant factors affecting tensile strengths and its reproducibility during HLUP. It was found that the concentration of TiO2in HCs significantly influenced the tensile strength(TS) followed by MEKP concentration and curing temperature. The highest value of TS was obtained at 3 wt% TiO2, 2 wt% MEKP and 80 °C. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of TiO2concentration was basis for fabrication of polyester titania glass fiber hybrids(PTGFHs), which were further investigated for density and void fractions, linear shrinkage, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and thermal behaviors. Moreover, cross-linking and hydrogen-bonding between polymeric chains, styrene, silica content of glass fiber and TiO2particles in PTGFHs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

关键词： Hybrid composites Polyester Design of experiment Titania

Aluminium phthalocyanine chloride thin films for temperature sensing

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第11期22卷 629-633页

作者： muhammad Tariq Saeed Chani Abdullah M.Asiri Kh.S.Karimov atif Khan Niaz Sher Bhadar Khan Khalid.A.Alamry Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Physical Technical Institute Aini St. 299/1

This study presents the fabrication and temperature sensing properties of sensors based on aluminium phthalocyanine chloride （AlPcCl） thin films. To fabricate the sensors, 50-nm-thick electrodes with 50-μ gaps between them are deposited on glass substrates. AlPcCl thin films with thickness of 50–100 nm are deposited in the gap between electrodes by thermal evaporation. The resistance of the sensors decreases with increasing thickness and the annealing at 100 ℃ results in an increase in the initial resistance of sensors up to 24%. The sensing mechanism is based on the change in resistance with temperature. For temperature varying from 25 ℃ to 80 ℃, the change in resistance is up to 60%. Simulation is carried out and results obtained coincide with experimental data with an error of ±1%.

关键词： temperature sensor thin films annealing aluminium phthalocyanine chloride

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Project Assessment in Offshore Software Maintenance Outsourcing Using Deep Extreme Learning Machines

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1871-1886页

作者： atif Ikram Masita Abdul Jalil Amir Bin Ngah Saqib Raza Ahmad Salman Khan Yasir Mahmood Nazri Kama Azri Azmi Assad Alzayed Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics University Malaysia TerengganuKuala NerusMalaysia Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Advanced Informatics Department Razak Faculty of Technology and InformaticsUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia54100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Computer Science and Information Systems Department College of Business Studies Public Authority for Applied Education and Training(PAAET)AdailiyahKuwait Department of Computer Science Sharif College of Engineering&TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan

Software maintenance is the process of fixing,modifying,and improving software deliverables after they are delivered to the client.Clients can benefit from offshore software maintenance outsourcing(OSMO)in different ways,including time savings,cost savings,and improving the software quality and value.One of the hardest challenges for the OSMO vendor is to choose a suitable project among several clients’projects.The goal of the current study is to recommend a machine learning-based decision support system that OSMO vendors can utilize to forecast or assess the project of OSMO clients.The projects belong to OSMO vendors,having offices in developing countries while providing services to developed countries.In the current study,Extreme Learning Machine’s(ELM’s)variant called Deep Extreme Learning Machines(DELMs)is used.A novel dataset consisting of 195 projects data is proposed to train the model and to evaluate the overall efficiency of the proposed model.The proposed DELM’s based model evaluations achieved 90.017%training accuracy having a value with 1.412×10^(-3) Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and 85.772%testing accuracy with 1.569×10^(-3) RMSE with five DELMs hidden layers.The results express that the suggested model has gained a notable recognition rate in comparison to any previous studies.The current study also concludes DELMs as the most applicable and useful technique for OSMO client’s project assessment.

关键词： Software outsourcing deep extreme learning machine(DELM) machine learning(ML) extreme learning machine assessment

Encryption Algorithm for Securing Non-Disclosure Agreements in Outsourcing Offshore Software Maintenance

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3827-3845页

作者： atif Ikram Masita Abdul Jalil Amir Bin Ngah Nadeem Iqbal Nazri Kama Azri Azmi Ahmad Salman Khan Yasir Mahmood Assad Alzayed Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics University Malaysia TerengganuKuala TerengganuMalaysia Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Advanced Informatics Department Razak Faculty of Technology and InformaticsUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia54100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Computer Science and Information Systems Department College of Business Studies Public Authority for Applied Education and Training(PAAET)AdailiyaKuwait

Properly created and securely communicated,non-disclosure agreement(NDA)can resolve most of the common disputes related to outsourcing of offshore software maintenance(OSMO).Occasionally,these NDAs are in the form of images.Since the work is done offshore,these agreements or images must be shared through the Internet or stored over the cloud.The breach of privacy,on the other hand,is a potential threat for the image owners as both the Internet and cloud servers are not void of danger.This article proposes a novel algorithm for securing the NDAs in the form of images.As an agreement is signed between the two parties,it will be encrypted before sending to the cloud server or travelling through the public network,the Internet.As the image is input to the algorithm,its pixels would be scrambled through the set of randomly generated rectangles for an arbitrary amount of time.The confusion effects have been realized through an XOR operation between the confused image,and chaotic data.Besides,5D multi-wing hyperchaotic system has been employed to spawn the chaotic vectors due to good properties of chaoticity it has.The machine experimentation and the security analysis through a comprehensive set of validation metric vividly demonstrate the robustness,defiance to the multifarious threats and the prospects for some real-world application of the proposed encryption algorithm for the NDA images.

关键词： Non-disclosure agreement encryption decryption secret key chaoticmap confusion diffusion

Terlipressin and hepatorenal syndrome: What is important for nephrologists and hepatologists

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5139-5147页

作者： Ahmed A Magan atif A Khalil Mohamed H Ahmed Department of Surgery Cambridge Uni-versity Hospital NHS foundation Trust Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ United Kingdom Department of Nephrology Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals Liverpool L7 8XP United Kingdom Division of Acute Medicine James Cook University Hospital Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW United Kingdom

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a reversible form of functional renal failure that occurs with advanced hepatic cirrhosis and liver failure. Despite mounting research in HRS, its etiology and medical therapy has not been resolved. HRS encompasses 2 distinct types. Type 1 is characterized by the rapid development of renal failure that occurs within 2 wk and involves a doubling of initial serum creatinine. Type 2 has a more insidious onset and is often associated with ascites. Animal studies have shown that both forms, in particular type 1 HRS, are often precipitated by bacterial infections and cir-culatory changes. The prognosis for HRS remains very poor. Type 1 and 2 both have an expected survival time of 2 wk and 6 mo, respectively. Progression of liver cir-rhosis and the resultant portal hypertension leads to the pooling of blood in the splanchnic vascular bed. The ensuing hyperdynamic circulation causes an ineffective circulatory volume which subsequently activates neuro-hormonal systems. Primarily the sympathetic nervoussystem and the renin angiotensin system are activated, which, in the early stages of HRS, maintain adequate circulation. Both advanced cirrhosis and prolonged ac-tivation of neurohormonal mechanisms result in fatal complications. Locally produced nitric oxide may have the potential to induce a deleterious vasodilatory effect on the splanchnic circulation. Currently medical therapy is aimed at reducing splanchnic vasodilation to resolve the ineffective circulation and maintain good renal per-fusion pressure. Terlipressin, a vasopressin analogue, has shown potential benefit in the treatment of HRS. It prolongs both survival time and has the ability to re-verse HRS in the majority of patients. In this review we aim to focus on the pathogenesis of HRS and its treatment with terlipressin vs other drugs.

关键词： Heptorenal syndrome Terlipressin Kidney Liver

Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the healthcare industry:A review

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2019年第6期12卷 108-198页

作者： Keum-Shik Hong M.atif Yaqub School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea

Functional near-infrared spectrosoopy(NIRS),a growing neuroimaging modality,has been utilized over the past few decades to understand the neuronal behavior in the brain.The technique has been used to assess the brain hemodynamics of impaired cohorts as well as able-bodied.Neuroimaging is a critical technique for patients with inpaired cognitive or motor behaviors.The portable nature of the fNIRS system is suitable for frequent monitoring of the patients who exhibit impaired brain activity.This study comprehensively reviews brain impaired patients:The studies involving patient populations and the diseases discussed in more than 10 works are included.Eleven diseases examined in this paper include autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder,epilepsy,depressive disorders,anxiety and panic disorder,schizophrenia,mild cognitive impairment,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,stroke,and traumatic brain injury.For each disease,the tasks used for exarmination,NIRS variables,and significant findings on the impairment are discussed.The channel configurations and the regions of interest are also outlined.Detecting the occurrence of symptoms at an earlier stage is vital for better rehabilitation and faster recovery.This paper ilustrates the usability of fNIRS for early detection of inpairment and the usefulness in monitoring the rehabilitation process.Finally,the limitations of the current fNIRS systems(ie,nonexistence of a standard method and the lack of well-established features for classification)and future research directions are discussed.The authors hope that the findings in this paper would lead to advanced breakthrough discoveries in the fNIRS field in the future.

关键词： NIRS brain impairment psychiatric disorder degenerative brain disease brain injury patient

Enhanced adsorptive removal of Cr(VI)in aqueous solution by polyethyleneimine modified palygorskite

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第10期28卷 2650-2657页

作者： Jiahong Wang Tongtong Sun atif Saleem Yao Chen School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710021China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization of Inorganic Materials Xi'an 710021China

Polyethyleneimine(PEI)modified palygorskite(Pal)was used for the adsorption of Cr(VI)in aqueous solution.The absorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).Characterized results confirmed that the Pal has been successfully modified by PEI.The modification of PEI increased the Cr(VI)adsorption performance of the Pal by the adsorption combined reduction mechanism,and amino groups of the adsorbent play the main role in the enhanced Cr(VI)adsorption.The maximum adsorption capacity was 51.10 mg·g^-1 at pH4.0 and 25°C.The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI)on the adsorbent conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model.The maximum adsorption occurs at pH3,and then the adsorption capacity of PEI-Pal was decreased with the increase of p H values.The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI)on PEI-Pal was modeled with pseudo-second-order model.The addition of Cl^-,SO4^2-and PO4^3-reduced the Cr(VI)adsorption by competition with Cr(VI)for the active sites of PEI-Pal.The Cr(VI)saturated PEI-Pal can be regenerated in alkaline solution,and the adsorption capacity can still be maintained at 30.44 mg·g^-1 after 4 cycles.The results demonstrate that PEI-Pal can be used as a potential adsorbent of Cr(VI)in aqueous solutions.

关键词： Palygorskite Polyethyleneimine Adsorption Cr(VI)

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