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Assessment of the Energy Conversion on the Thermal Balance and Atmospheric Emissions in Ceramic Tile Product Industry in Tunisia: A Case Study

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 421-442页

作者： Imed ben Salah moufida ben m’barek jemaï Aycer ben Saad Safa mezza Department of Geology University of Sciences of Bizerte University of Carthage Tunis Tunisia

This work aims to assess the effect of energy conversion (Thermal oil, Natural gas and cogeneration system) on atmospheric emission and energy consumption in ceramic tile product sector in Tunisia. Two tile manufactures were selected. The first plant has two production lines: The first line (FF1) operates with thermal oil with a lower calorific value (LHV) of 9811 cal/g and the second line (FG1) operating with natural gas has a lower calorific value (HHV) of 10,520 cal/g, ensuring a daily output of 300 tons each one. The second manufacture (SC2) operates with natural gas with the same LHV value. The thermal oil energy balance showed a specific consumption of 0.0481 toe/ton tile product for the FF1 manufacture line, 0.0198 toe/ton of tile product for the FG1 manufacture line and 0.0143 toe/ton of tile product for the SC2 manufactory. The electrical energy consumption was 0.0121 toe/ton of tile product for the FF1 line, 0.0108 toe/ton of tile product for the FG1 line and a production of energy (exergy) of 0.014 toe/ton for the SC2 production line. The specific consumption was split into 40% for dryer and 60% for tunnel kilns. The conversion allow to record a dryer reduction rate of 80% for nitrogen oxides (NOx), 56% for sulfur oxides (SOx), 56% for fluorinated compounds, 52% for chlorinated compounds and 52% for volatile organic compound. Whereas, the kiln reduction rate was 36% for nitrogen oxides, 51% for sulfur oxides, 36% for chlorinated compounds and 55% for fluorinated and 50% for volatile organic compounds (VCOs). Compared to natural gas line, the use of cogeneration system in kiln process shows a decrease of 67% for NOx emissions, 80% for SOx emissions, 89% for fluorinated compounds, 58% for chlorinated emissions and 64% for volatiles organic compounds. Compared to thermal oil, the use of cogeneration system reduces the thermal energy consumption by 70% and allowed to save 30% of electric energy by generate 20% of needed electric energy. The specific atmospher

关键词： Ceramic Energy Conversion Cogeneration Energy Balance Atmospheric Emissions

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Use of human pluripotent stem cells to study and treat retinopathies

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第3期7卷 596-604页

作者： Karim ben m'barek Florian Regent Christelle monville INSERm UmR861 I-Stem AFM Genopole Campus 1 91030Evry France UEVE UmR861 I-Stem AFM Genopole Campus 1 91030 Evry France

Human cell types affected by retinal diseases(such as age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pimentosa) are limited in cell number and of reduced accessibility. As a consequence, their isolation for in vitro studies of disease mechanisms or for drug screening efforts is fastidious. Human pluripotent stem cells(h PSCs), either of embryonic origin or through reprogramming of adult somatic cells,represent a new promising way to generate models of human retinopathies, explore the physiopathological mechanisms and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Disease-specific human embryonic stem cells were the first source of material to be used to study certain disease states. The recent demonstration that human somatic cells, such as fibroblasts or blood cells, can be genetically converted to induce pluripotent stem cells together with the continuous improvement of methods to differentiate these cells into disease-affected cellular subtypes opens new perspectives to model and understand a large number of human pathologies, including retinopathies. This review focuses on the added value of h PSCs for the disease modeling of human retinopathies and the study of their molecular pathological mechanisms. We also discuss the recent use of these cells for establishing the validation studies for therapeutic intervention and for the screening of large compound libraries to identify candidate drugs.

关键词： Drug screening Human pluripotent stemcells Disease modeling Retinitis pigmentosa

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Geotechnical Study of the Aptian Limestone of the Kef Region,Northwestern Tunisia:Evaluation for Industrial Use

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第12期8卷 1084-1101页

作者： Imed ben Salah moufida ben m’barek jemai Safa mezza mabrouk Boughdiri Department of Geology Sciences University of BizerteUniversity of CarthageBizerteTunisia

This study aims to the initial characterization of Aptian sedimentary limestones in the Kef region located in the North-West of Tunisia in order to use in industrial fields. The limestone samples were collected from three outcrops respectively named Jebel Jerissa, Jebel Hmeima and Jebel Harraba. A geochemical characterization highlights a variation of the weight percentage (wt%) as follows: CaO (53 - 55), mgO (0.04 - 0.28), Al2O3 (0.07 - 0.51), Fe2O3 (0.41 - 2.87), and a loss on ignition (41.62 - 43.35). The other oxides (K2O, SO3, Na2O) are in trace amounts. mineralogical analysis revealed that limestones contain more than 95% of calcite and the clay impurities are the minor phases detected. Petrographic study showed that these limestones are packestone-wakestone type. The hardness of Aptian limestones crosses the upper limit of the hard domain. Geotechnical tests reveal a Dry micro Deval (mDS) coefficient varying from 23% to 33%, a Wet micro Deval (mDH) coefficient with values oscillating around 26% to 36%, a Los Angeles coefficient (LA) about 25% against a value of the compressive strength ranging from 593 Kg/cm2 to 866 Kg/cm2. The gravimetric tests highlighted a flexural strength value from 106 Kg/cm2 at 208 Kg/cm2, while the ultrasonic coefficient oscillates from 4876 m/s to 5233 m/s, indicating the low porosity of these limestone (0.5% to 1%). The density recorded an average value of 2.50 g/cm3. The various properties studied have proved that the limestone studied can be used in various industrial fields such steel industry, aggregate, cement industry and marble.

关键词： Aptian Limestone Geotechnical Properties Geochemical Properties Industrial Use

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Technological Characterization and Industrial Application of Tunisian Clays from makthar Area (Central Tunisia) in the Ceramic Industry

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第7期6卷 626-639页

作者： Imed ben Salah moufida ben m’barek jemai Ali Sdiri Najet Shimi Slim mabrouk Boughdiri Department of Geology University of Sciences of Bizerte Bizerte Tunisia National Engineering School of Sfax Sfax Tunisia Department of Geology University of Sciences of Tunis Tunis Tunisia

This study focused on the geochemical, mineralogical and technological characterization of clays in makthar area (Central of Tunisia) of Cretaceous-Paleogene. Its aims are to identify and promote use in the field of ceramics industry. The result of the mineralogical analysis of clays showed a dominance of illite with a percentage higher than 65%, of kaolinite and smectite with percentages of 15%. Geochemical analysis of the major elements of clay showed a SiO2 content exceeding 29% and a percentage of Al2O3 higher than 7.5%. The Fe2O3 percentage was ranging from 3% to 8%. The percentage of CaO was between 22.5% and 28% while that of K2O is 4%. The percentages of SO4, mgO and NaO2 were in very small fractions. Granulometric and microgranulometric analysis showed that the clay fraction (m) varies from 30% to 37%. The plasticity index showed the plasticity character of clays which presented a specific surface area ranging from 112 m2/g to 178 m2/g reflecting illite dominance. Drying behavior indicated that clay mixture had a drying shrinkage less than 7%, while the firing shrinkage didn’t exceed 2% giving the possibility of clay using in the ceramics field.

关键词： Clay mineral mineralogy Chemical and Physical Properties Ceramic Industry

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Properties of Debadib Evaporates (Northern Tunisia) for Potential Use in Industrial Fields

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第12期6卷 1525-1538页

作者： Imed ben Salah moufida m’barek jemaii Narjess Karoui-Yaakoub Ali Sdiri Noureddine ben Ayed Department of Geology Sciences University of Bizerte Bizerte Tunisia Department of Georesources and Environment National Engineering School University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

Gypsum is widely distributed in Tunisia occurring in the formation of Triassic age. The gypsum deposit of mellegue is the alabastine type with a little of the porphyroblast type and contains traces of clay minerals and calcite. It is a moderately strong rock in terms of its unconfined compressive strength of 16 mpa and tensile strength of 3.35 mpa. Triaxial testing values indicated an apparent cohesion of 10 mpa and an angle of friction of 26°. The gypsum studied had a percentage of SO3 of 41.71% and a percentage of CaO of 32.9%. All the samples had low densities according to the International Association of Engineering Geology (IAEG) classification and exhibited a moderate porosity whether effective or absolute. The gypsum proved to be moderately strong when tested in unconfined compression and tensile strength. Thermal analysis indicated a total weight loss of 20.27% and the whiteness index about 90%. This proved a high degree of whiteness. The time of setting can be considered short and medium, which is quite favorable for industrial application compared with other gypsum deposits currently operated.

关键词： Triassic Gypsum Deposit mineralogical Analysis Physicochemical Analysis Geotechnical Testing Industrial Use

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International Financial market＇s Integration and modelling Returns of Risky Assets

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Journal of modern Accounting and Auditing 2012年第7期8卷 1042-1051页

作者： ben m'barek Hassene University of Tunis Tunis Tunisia

The aim of this paper is to test the ability of conditional and unconditional capital asset pricing models （CAPms） and to explain emerging markets returns in terms of their integration into the international market. The authors use data on five developed countries and five emerging countries as well as data on the Tunis Stock Exchange （TSE） after the reforms. The results show that the correlations between emerging markets returns and developed markets returns are very low and sometimes negative. Conditional arbitrage pricing theory （APT） as well as conditional CAPm has low predictive power for emerging markets than that for developed markets. Finally, following the financial reforms, Tunisian financial markets have became more and more integrated into the international market （excess returns and unconditional beta consistent with predictions）. However, conditional APT does not accurately explain Tunisian market returns. This study confirms the unavailability of an accurate modelling technique of the TSE structure.

关键词： conditional unconditional capital asset pricing model (CAPm) conditional arbitrage pricing theory(APT) returns

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Characterization of Scaling Power of Tiznit Region Waters

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第4期9卷 339-344页

作者： Said ben-Aazza Abdallah Hadfi m’barek Belattar Naima Hafid Ali Driouiche Team “materials and Physico-Chemistry of Water” Faculty of Science IBN ZOHR University Agadir Morocco

The phenomenon of scaling is particularly observed in the regions of morocco which exploit groundwater. The region of Tiznit uses these waters, partly, for its domestic and industrial needs. The major problem of the use of this water is, besides its medium quality, the clogging of the pipes. The aim of this work is to study the phenomenon of water scaling in Tiznit region using the means of thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. The physicochemical analysis of this region’s waters shows that their contents of calcium and magnesium are very high. The hydrometric title is situated between 18°F and 64°F. The alkalinity varies from 22°F to 82°F. The classification of waters of this region for assessing the risk of clogging, according to their hardness, shows that 80% of these waters are hard waters. The kinetic characterization of scaling power of drinking water in this region was conducted using the method LCGE which also proved the scaling character of these waters.

关键词： Scaling Power Calcium Carbonate Clogging LCGE Tiznit

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Study of the Inhibitor Scaling Effect of the Agricultural Water by a Phosphate Fertilizer

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第15期7卷 1234-1241页

作者： Abdallah Hadfi Said ben-Aazza m’barek Belaatar Naima Hafid Ali Driouiche Department of Chemistry Team “Materials and Physical Chemistry of Water” Faculty of Science University Ibn Zohr Agadir Morocco

The localised irrigation or drop by drop system is a technique which makes it possible to save water, because it ensures a balanced and efficient distribution of water and an effective fertilization. However, this ferti-irrigation system is facing a number of problems hindering the agricultural development. The lack of uniformity of the localised irrigation was observed and found out that it is due to chemical clogging of drippers. Considering the complexity of the composition of the natural water used in micro-irrigation, we started our study by examining the effectiveness of the inhibitor on pure calco-carbonic water with 40°F, and then moved to explore the natural water of the agricultural region. The Legrand-Poirier-Leroy method allowed us to determine the position of the irrigation water compared to calco-carbonic balance. LCGE (abbreviation of “Laboratory of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering”) technique, based on the accelerated formation of calcium carbonate deposit under the effect of a degasification of studied water, enabled us to evaluate the scaling power of this water of irrigation either with or without inhibitor. The experimental results showed the following: in the case of pure calco-carbonic water with 40?F and of natural water, the addition respectively of 2 mg/L and 2.25 mg/L of phosphate fertilizer completely inhibits the precipitation of calcium carbonate under the conditions of the experiment.

关键词： Scaling Power Water Irrigation Calcium Carbonate Inhibitor Phosphate Fertilizer

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Characterization of Scale Formed in Drinking Water and Hot Water Pipes in the Taliouine Downtown—morocco

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第8期6卷 677-686页

作者： Naima Hafid m’barek Belaatar Said ben-Aazza Abdellah Hadfi mohamed Ezahri Ali Driouiche Engineering Process Laboratory Department of chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ibn Zohr University Agadir Morocco materials and Environment Laboratory Department of chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ibn Zohr University Agadir Morocco

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of water scale found in water distribution system of Taliouine city in the south of morocco. Physico-chemical properties of drinking water supplied to the city were evaluated. The data showed a high level of soluble salt in water. Concentrations were calcium 108 - 143 mg/1, magnesium 80 - 96 mg/1, bicarbonate 660 - 750 mg/l and hardness degree 660 - 690 mg CaCO3/l. The water samples contain high amounts of minerals in the form of ions, especially the metals calcium and bicarbonate, which precipitated out and caused problems in water conducting or storing vessels like pipes. Scales were removed from the inside of two old pipes which transported drinking and hot water in the downtown of Taliouine city. Scale samples were investigated by XRF, XRD, SEm, DTA, TGA and SEm’s analytical techniques. This study was able to identify scales formed in pipes of water distribution systems. It was found that water scale in this city contains 53% of calcium oxide and 43% of organic matter. The XRD and SEm results revealed that calcite was the main crystalline structure in drinking water scale. Nevertheless, scale deposited in hot water pipe is well crystalline with peaks corresponding mostly to aragonite (88%) along with calcite (12%). The thermal behavior of scale samples confirms that calcium carbonate was the main compound in the scale samples. Further studies are needed to find an efficient antiscale in drinking water of this city.

关键词： Drinking Water Scale Characterization Calcium Carbonate

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Contribution to the Study of Hot Water Scaling Phenomenon in the South of Touristic Area in Agadir City

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第12期8卷 1035-1043页

作者： m’barek Belattar Said ben-Aazza Rabeh Aba-Aaki Abdallah Hadfi Naima Hafid Larbi Boukbir Ali Driouiche Team “materials and Physico-Chemistry of Water” Faculty of Science Ibn Zohr University Agadir Morocco National Office of Electricity and Drinking water Water branch Regional Laboratory of Agadir Agadir Morocco

This work aims to study the phenomenon of scaling observed in the hot water pipelines in the southern seaside touristic installations of Agadir city. This phenomenon has led to the formation of solid deposits and adherents to the internal walls of the facilities of the hot water. This deposit is at the origin of several technical, economic and environmental problems. It causes a decrease in the lifetime of boilers and a reduction of thermal exchanges and consequently a decrease in the energy efficiency of heating systems. In the present study, the samples of scale have been carried out at different points of hot water pipelines. The characterization of different scale samples recovered was conducted by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), elemental analysis (CHNS-O), infrared spectrometry (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEm). Analytical results showed that scale samples collected on different sites in touristic hot water system are mostly formed by calcium carbonate. Thermodynamic conditions in the site were favourable to the aragonite variety formation.

关键词： Hot Water Scaling Chemical Characterization Calcium Carbonate Aragonite Agadir City

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