检索结果-南通市图书馆

Cost of treatment support for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using patient-centred approaches in Ethiopia: a model-based method

引用

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 54-62页

作者： Laura Rosu Lucy morgan Ewan M.Tomeny Claire Worthington Mengdi Jin Jasper Nidoi David Worthington Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke PlaceLiverpoolL35QAUK Management Science Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Makerere University Lung Institute KampalaUganda

Background Patient and health system costs for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain high even after treatment duration was shortened. Many patients do not finish treatment, contributing to increased transmission and antimicrobial resistance. A restructure of health services, that is more patient-centred has the potential to reduce costs and increase trust and patient satisfaction. The aim of the study is to investigate how costs would change in the delivery of MDR-TB care in Ethiopia under patient-centred and hybrid approaches compared to the current *** We used published data, collected from 2017 to 2020 as part of the Standard Treatment Regimen of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for Patients with MDR-TB (STREAM) trial, to populate a discrete event simulation (DES) model. The model was developed to represent the key characteristics of patients’ clinical pathways following each of the three treatment delivery strategies. To the pathways of 1000 patients generated by the DES model we applied relevant patient cost data derived from the STREAM trial. Costs are calculated for treating patients using a 9-month MDR-TB treatment and are presented in 2021 United States dollars (USD).Results The patient-centred and hybrid strategies are less costly than the standard-of-care, from both a health system (by USD 219 for patient-centred and USD 276 for the hybrid strategy) and patient perspective when patients do not have a guardian (by USD 389 for patient-centred and USD 152 for the hybrid strategy). Changes in indirect costs, staff costs, transport costs, inpatient stay costs or changes in directly-observed-treatment frequency or hospitalisation duration for standard-of-care did not change our *** Our findings show that patient-centred and hybrid strategies for delivering MDR-TB treatment cost less than standard-of-care and provide critical evidence that there is scope for such strategies to be implemented in routine care. These

关键词： Affordability Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Directly-observed treatment Patient-centred approach Tuberculosis treatment delivery

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Characterisation of undigested components throughout the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat-or maizebased diet

引用

Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 153-159页

作者： Eunjoo Kim Natalie K.morgan Amy F.Moss Lily Li Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia BASF South East Asia038987Singapore BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets,with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive ***-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10 birds/pen;n=12)from 1 to 35 d *** of dry matter,starch,crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP)were measured in the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 *** of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30%of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted,irrespective of wheat or maize diet *** average,92 g/kg crude protein,92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 *** quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05),with the reverse being true for water-soluble NSP(P<0.001).On average,84 g/kg crude protein,79 g/kg insoluble NSP and 9 g/kg oligosaccharides remained in the excreta at 35 d of *** this time period,accumulation of feed in the gizzard was noted for birds offered both diets,but was more pronounced in those offered the maize-based diet(P<0.001).Birds offered the maize-based diet demonstrated improved utilisation of oligosaccharides compared to those fed the wheat-based diet at both d 12 and 35(P=0.087 and P=0.047,respectively).Protein utilisation in the jejunum and ileum was greater in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet(P=0.004 and P<0.001,respectively).Thus,while both diets supported standard growth performance of birds,the degree and flow of nutrient disappearance along the gastrointestinal tract was influenced by cereal type and bird age.

关键词： Broiler chicken Nutrient digestibility Undigested dietary component

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The flow of non-starch polysaccharides along the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat-or maize-based diet

引用

Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 138-142页

作者： Eunjoo Kim Natalie K.morgan Amy FMoss Lily Li Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia BASF South East Asia 038987Singapore BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study characterised the types and amounts of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)remaining undigested along the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of broiler chickens offered a typical wheat-or maizebased ***-day old Cobb 500 mixed-sex chicks were assigned to 24 pens,with 10 birds/pen and 12 pens/*** were offered the experimental diets in 3 phases(starter,day 0 to 10;grower,day 11 to 24 and finisher,day 25 to 35).Excreta and digesta samples from the crop,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and caeca were collected at 12 and 35 days of age,and analysed for the NSP *** wheat-based diet contained higher levels of soluble NSP than the maize-based diet,whereas insoluble NSP levels were similar between the 2 *** analysis of NSP constituents revealed that arabinoxylans were the primary NSP in the wheat-based diet,mostly in insoluble *** were the predominant NSP in the maize-based diet,followed by ***,birds offered the wheatbased diet presented higher levels of soluble NSP remaining in all gut sections compared to birds offered the maize-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.050).Accumulation of insoluble NSP in the gizzard was noted in birds fed both diets,but was more pronounced in birds offered the maize-based diet compared to the wheat-based diet,at both 12 and 35 days of age(P<0.001).The present study highlights marked differences in the amounts and types of NSP delivered to the different gut sections when feeding wheat-compared to maize-based diets,particularly in the gizzard and the lower GIT of birds.

关键词： Broiler chickens Soluble fibre Insoluble fibre Non-starch polysaccharides

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Financial literacy,behavioral traits,and ePayment adoption and usage in Japan

引用

Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2620-2649页

作者： Trinh Quang Long Peter J.morgan Naoyuki Yoshino Faculty of Business FPT University HCM CampusHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Senior Consulting Economist and Advisor to the Dean Asian Development Bank InstituteKasumigaseki 3‑2‑5Chiyoda‑kuTokyo 100‑6008Japan Faculty of Economics Keio University2 Chome‑15‑45 MitaMinato CityTokyo 108‑8345Japan

This study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment(ePayment)services in *** construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy *** then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services:electronic money(e-money)and mobile payment *** an instrumental variable approach,we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment *** empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more *** also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services,whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services *** empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.

关键词： Financial literacy Financial literacy heterogeneity Herd behavior Risk aversion ePayment adoption ePayment usage Electronic money Mobile payment app Japan

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes may improve performance when included in wheat- but not maize-based diets fed to broiler chickens under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

引用

Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 54-67页

作者： Eunjoo Kim Amy F.Moss Natalie K.morgan Kosar Gharib-Naseri Peter Ader Mingan Choct School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia BASF SE 68623LampertheimGermany

The present study investigated whether supplementing fibre-degrading enzymes can ameliorate the severity of subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets.A total of 1,544 mixed-sex broiler chickens were assigned to 16 experimental treatments as a 2×2×4 factorial arrangement of *** factors were the following:NE challenge,yes or no;diet type,wheat-or maize-based;and enzyme supplementation,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Each treatment was replicated 6 times,with 16 birds per replicate pen.A three-way challenge×diet type×enzyme interaction occurred for body weight at 21 d of age(P=0.025)and overall feed conversion ratio(P=0.001).In the non-challenged birds fed the wheat-based diet,supplementing MAN increased d 21 body weight compared to the *** challenged birds fed the maize-based diet,supplemental XYN11 impeded body weight and overall FCR compared to the *** offered the maize-based diet presented heavier relative gizzard weights at both 16 and 21 d of age(P<0.001)and reduced liveability(P=0.046)compared to those fed the wheatbased *** supplementation reduced ileal and jejunal digesta viscosity at 16 d of age only in birds fed the wheat-based diet(P<0.001).XYN11 increased ileal digesta viscosity in birds fed the maizebased diet,and MAN reduced it in birds fed the wheat-based diet at 21 d of age(P=0.030).Supplementing XYN11 improved ileal soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)digestibility in birds fed the wheat-based diet compared to non-supplemented birds(P<0.001).Birds fed the wheat-based diet displayed a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and butyric acid in the caeca at 16 d of age compared to birds fed the maize-based diet(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplemental XYN11 exacerbated the negative impact of NE on growth performance in birds fed the maizebased *** wheat-based diets with

关键词： Broiler chicken Carbohydrase Mannanase Necrotic enteritis Prebiotic oligosaccharides Xylanase

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Ileal profile of non-starch polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in response to exogenous enzymes in broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge

引用

Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 207-215页

The present study evaluated the impacts of fibre-degrading enzymes on the profiles of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)and oligosaccharides(OS)in the ileum of broiler chickens offered wheat-or maize-based diets under subclinical necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A 224 factorial arrangement of treatments was *** were the following:NE challenge,no or yes;diet type,wheat-or maizebased;and supplemental enzymes,control(no enzyme),family 10 xylanase(XYN10),family 11 xylanase(XYN11)or b-mannanase(MAN).Birds in the challenged group were inoculated with Eimeria on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14 and 15.A 3-way interaction(P=0.047)occurred on overall(d 0 to 16)weight *** NE was present,all the supplemental enzymes increased weight gain in birds fed the wheat-based diet;whereas in those fed the maize-based diet supplemental XYN10 and XYN11 decreased weight *** NE was absent,birds fed the wheat-based diet supplemented with XYN10 or MAN presented increased weight gain compared to non-supplemented birds,but no improvements with enzyme addition were observed in birds fed the maize-based diet.A 3-way interaction(P=0.002)was observed on insoluble NSP level in the *** NE was absent,all the supplemental enzymes reduced the ileal level of insoluble NSP,regardless of diet *** the challenged birds,supplementing XYN10 and MAN reduced insoluble NSP level in the ileum,but only in birds fed the wheat-based *** soluble NSP level was reduced by supplemental XYN11 and MAN,but only in birds fed the wheatbased diet,resulting in a 2-way diet typeenzyme interaction(P<0.001).Ileal OS arabinose(P=0.030)level was highest in birds offered the wheat-based diet supplemented with ***,supplementation of NSP-degrading enzymes to the wheat-based diet enhanced bird performance regardless of NE challenge,with XYN11 significantly increasing oligosaccharide ***,enzyme addition did not improve growth performance in birds fed maize-based diet

关键词： Broiler chicken Non-starch polysaccharide Subclinical necrotic enteritis Oligosaccharide

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Enduring association between irritable bowel syndrome and war trauma during the Nicaragua civil war period:A population-based study

引用

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第45期29卷 5953-5961页

作者： Edgar M Peña-Galo Daniel Wurzelmann Javier Alcedo Rodolfo Peña Loreto Cortes Douglas morgan Department of Digestive Diseases Miguel Servet University HospitalZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Javier Alcedo Aragon Health Research InstituteIIS AragonZaragoza 50009AragonSpain Department of Mental Health Carolina PartnersDurhamNC 27707United States Department of Data Analysis CIDE(ResearchDevelopment and Epidemiology Center)Tegucigalpa 11101Francisco MorazánHonduras School of Medicine National Autonomous University of NicaraguaLeon 21000LeonNicaragua Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UAB University of Alabama BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States School of Medcine The University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 9500United States

BACKGROUND Psychosocial and physical trauma are known risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),including in war veterans,whereas war exposure in civilians is *** experienced two wars,1970-1990:The Sandinistas Revolution(1970s)and The Contra War(1980s).Our aim was to investigate the role of exposure to war trauma in the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established health surveillance system(11000 households).AIM To investigate in a civilian population the relationship between exposure to war trauma and events and the subsequent development of IBS in the context of an established public health and demographic surveillance system in western *** We conducted a nested population-based,cross-sectional study focused on functional gastrointestinal disorders based on Rome II criteria.1617 adults were randomly *** Spanish Rome II Modular Questionnaire and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire were validated in *** exposure was assessed with 10 measures of direct and indirect war trauma and post-war *** exposures were defined by≥3 *** The prevalence of IBS was 15.2%[Female(F)17.1%,Male(M)12.0%],war exposure 19.3%(F 9.3%,M 36.7%),and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)5.6%(F 6.4%,M 4.3%).Significant associations with IBS in the civilian population were observed(adjusted by gender,age,socioeconomic status,education):physical and psychological abuse[adjusted odds ratio(aOR):2.25;95%confidence interval:1.1-4.5],witnessed execution(aOR:2.4;1.1-5.2),family member death(aOR:2.2;1.2-4.2),and multiple exposures(aOR:2.7;1.4-5.1).PTSD was independently associated with IBS(aOR:2.6;1.2-5.7).CONCLUSION An enduring association was observed in the Nicaragua civilian population between specific civil war-related events and subsequent *** populations in regions with extended armed conflict may warrant provider education and targeted interventions for patients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Functional gastrointestinal disorders War trauma Civil war Post-traumatic stress disorder Central America

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

当心敏捷性的三大"坑"

引用

商业评论 2024年第5期 150-153页

作者：伯纳丁·戴克斯卡林·科列夫沃尔特·费里尔玛格丽特·休斯-摩根李君雪兰多大学马凯特大学工商管理学院肯塔基大学加顿商学院管理学系

面对近年来发生的一系列破坏性事件,例如新冠疫情、通货膨胀、俄乌冲突等,许多企业领导者都在努力快速提高企业的敏捷性水平.的确,快速适应环境变化的能力是抵御破坏的盾甲,也是治疗危机的良方.但组织的敏捷性并不是万试万灵.在追求敏...

面对近年来发生的一系列破坏性事件,例如新冠疫情、通货膨胀、俄乌冲突等,许多企业领导者都在努力快速提高企业的敏捷性水平.的确,快速适应环境变化的能力是抵御破坏的盾甲,也是治疗危机的良方.但组织的敏捷性并不是万试万灵.在追求敏捷性的过程中存在一些陷阱,可能会产生意想不到的后果.

关键词：

来源：博看期刊评论

在线全文

博看期刊

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Haemochromatosis revisited

引用

World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第11期14卷 1931-1939页

作者： Aline morgan Alvarenga Pierre Brissot Paulo Caleb Junior Lima Santos Department of Pharmacology-Escola Paulista de Medicina Universidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo 04044-020Brazil University of Rennes1 Rennes 35065France

Haemochromatosis is a genetic disease caused by hepcidin deficiency,responsible for an increase in intestinal iron *** is associated with homozygosity for the HFE ***282Tyr ***,rare cases of haemochromatosis(non-HFE haemochromatosis)can also be caused by path-ogenic variants in other genes(such as HJV,HAMP,TFR2 and SLC40A1).A working group of the International Society for the Study of Iron in Biology and Medicine(BIOIRON Society)has concluded that the classification based in different molecular subtypes is difficult to be adopted in clinical practice and has proposed a new classification approaching clinical questions and molecular *** aim of the present review is to provide an update on classification,pathophysiology and therapeutic recommendations.

关键词： Haemochromatosis Iron overload HFE Molecular diagnosis Hepcidin

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Abductive statistical methods improve the results of calibration curve bioassays:An example of determining zinc bioavailability in broiler chickens

引用

Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 294-304页

作者： Gene M.Pesti Lynne Billard Shu-Biao Wu Robert A.Swick Thi Thanh Hoai Nguyen Natalie morgan The University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia The University of Georgia AthensGA30602USA

In this paper,we discuss the theory behind calibration curve experiments and their application to a zinc(Zn)bioavailability study with broiler *** replicates of 16 male commercial broiler chicks were fed starter diets for 14 *** diets had different levels of a potential Zn source and one was a positive control with standard industry levels of Zn for *** commonly used methods of calculating bioavailability means and confidence intervals(CI)from a calibration curve(standard curve)experiment to estimate the bioavailability of a new zinc source in broiler chickens were *** methods compared were the following:1)the Counter-Intuitive Method uses a multiple-range test to compare unknown test and standard samples;2)the Intuitive Method uses standard linear regression and inverts the equation to predict Zn bioavailability for each replicate of test samples;3)the Abductive Method uses Graybill's Equation,based on theory and observation,to estimate CI's;and 4)the Sophistic Method uses reverse regression,and calculates Zn bioavailability values directly from the *** Counter-Intuitive Method only gives information about which standards the test samples are,or are not,significantly different from respectively(average available Zn not predicted).The Intuitive Method ignores error about the standard curve and theoretically cannot estimate the CI directly(X±SEM=107.5±15.8 mg Zn/kg).The Sophistic Method underestimates and overestimates the test sample mean values above and below the mean of the standards,respectively(X=96.6 mg Zn/kg).The Abductive Method has an advantage over the other methods:The mean prediction estimation is consistent with theory(107.5±6.1 mg Zn/kg;X±SEM).When test or“unknown”samples are near the mean of the standard samples,the CI is smaller than when near the extremes of the calibration *** calibration curve error is small(R^(2)>approximately 0.95),there is little advantage to using the Abductive Method,but wh

关键词： Calibration curve Standard curve Confidence interval Bioavailability

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：