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“No Need to Get Salty” Or Is There? Sodium Functionality as a Consideration in Nutrition Public Health Policy

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 138-146页

作者： molly riordan Brandy-Joe Milliron Rachel Sherman Lauren Miller Jennifer Aquilante Jonathan Deutsch Division of Chronic Disease & Injury Prevention Philadelphia Department of Public Health Philadelphia PA USA Department of Nutrition Sciences College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University Philadelphia USA Drexel Food Core Lab College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University Philadelphia USA Division of Chronic Disease & Injury Prevention Philadelphia Department of Public Health Philadelphia PA USA Drexel Food Core Lab Department of Food and Hospitality Management College of Nursing and Health Professions Drexel University Philadelphia USA

Aim: Public health professionals focus on both downstream (individual) and upstream (population-level) interventions to reduce sodium consumption and prevent sodium-related chronic diseases. Effective upstream interventions specifically aimed at reducing dietary sodium intake include the implementation of comprehensive nutrition standards that restrict the amount of sodium contained in foods available for purchase. The aim of this work was to identify sought-after foods that did not meet the Philadelphia Nutrition Standards’ sodium limits and reformulate those foods to be standards-compliant and consumer-acceptable. Subject and Methods: Two foods were reformulated for compliancy with the Philadelphia Nutrition Standards’ sodium limits and consumer acceptability: the hoagie roll and soft pretzel. Reformulation included sensory testing and engaging potential manufacturing partners to investigate products’ commercial potential. Results: While hoagie roll reformulation led to a local company manufacturing and selling the reformulated product, soft pretzel reformulation stalled due to lack of consumer acceptability of the reformulated product. Salt contributes desirable characteristics in the texture, taste, and appearance of the soft pretzel, the absence of which consumers found unacceptable. Conclusion: Product reformulation holds great potential to create lower-sodium foods that otherwise have all of the characteristics of the higher-sodium “original” products but requires an understanding of the role of salt in product recipes. Reducing salt without considering its multiple functions in food may result in a product that is unacceptable or even unsafe. A simple four-step tool can help public health practitioners evaluate the extent to which products are suitable for reformulation.

关键词： Sodium Chloride Dietary/Administration & Dosage Health Promotion/Methods Nutrition Policy Food/Standards Food Technology

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Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan Sean M.riordan Matthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human body.They have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human diseases.Some of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.In addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS diseases.This review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS pathologies.In addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS diseases.Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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The pikas of China: a review of current research priorities and challenges for conservation

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 110-128页

作者： Joseph P.LAMBERT Xiaozheng ZHANG Kun SHI Philip riordan Wildlife Institute School of Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Eco-Bridge Continental Haidian DistrictBeijingChina Marwell Wildlife WinchesterHampshireUK

Of the approximately 30 extant species of pika(Ochotona;Ochotonidae;Lagomorpha),at least 23 occur in China.Of these,8 are endemic,and 3 are classiﬁed as Endangered by the IUCN.Research into most Chinese species is scarce,and there is much to learn about basic aspects of their ecology.We reviewed the literature on the 23 Chinese Ochotona species,with the aim of highlighting knowledge gaps and biases in research allocation.Speciﬁcally,we identify(1)which pika species receive the most attention from researchers,(2)which topics are the most frequently studied,and(3)how well research satisﬁes conservation priorities.We covered a total of 879 articles,most of which were written in English or Chinese.Around 75%of all publications focused on the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae.Seven species were represented by 10 or fewer publications each.Endangered and endemic species were particularly poorly represented.204 papers treated pikas as a pest,while 13 studied conservation issues.Nine species were considered possible targets for pest control,including some poorly known endemics.We make some recommendations on how research into Chinese Ochotona could be improved,including:(1)recognizing that the current species-level taxonomy may be an ineffective way to prioritize conservation research in Ochotona,(2)directing more research toward threatened and endemic species,subspecies,and populations,(3)researching the ecosystem engineering effects of pikas,(4)collecting basic data on natural history of the many understudied species,and(5)researching threats,including climate change and pest control campaigns.

关键词： conservation Lagomorpha Ochotona prioritization research allocation

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Sports compression garments improve resting markers of venous return and muscle blood flow in male basketball players

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 513-522页

作者： Shane F.O'riordan Rod McGregor Shona L.Halson David J.Bishop James R.Broatch Institute for Health and Sport(iHeS) Victoria UniversityFootscrayVIC 3011Australia Department of Physiology Australian Institute of SportBruceACT 2617Australia Faculty of Health University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Behavioural and Health Sciences Australian Catholic UniversityBanyoQLD 4014Australia

Background:The benefits associated with sports compression garments are thought to be closely related to enhanced blood flow.However,findings are equivocal,possibly due to heterogeneity in the techniques used for measuring blood flow,the garment types used,and the pressures applied.This study combined Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy technologies to provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of 3 sports compression garment types on markers of venous return and muscle blood flow at rest.Methods:Resting lower-limb blood flow measures(markers of venous return,muscle blood flow,and muscle oxygenation)of 22 elite,junior,male basketball players(age=17.2±0.9 years,mean±SD)were assessed in 4 separate conditions:no compression(CON),compression tights(TIGHTS),compression shorts(SHORTS),and compression socks(SOCKS).Markers of venous return(cross-sectional area,time-averaged mean and peak blood flow velocity,and venous blood flow)were measured via Doppler ultrasound at the popliteal and common femoral veins.Muscle blood flow and muscle oxygenation were measured in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis using near-infrared spectroscopy.Results:Popliteal markers of venous return were higher in TIGHTS compared to CON(p<0.01)and SHORTS(p<0.01),with SOCKS values higher compared with CON(p<0.05).Common femoral vein markers of venous return were higher for all conditions compared to CON(p<0.05),with TIGHTS values also higher compared to SOCKS(p<0.05).Gastrocnemius medialis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.000),SOCKS(p=0.012),and SHORTS(p=0.000),with SOCKS higher compared to SHORTS(p=0.046).Vastus lateralis blood flow was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.028)and SOCKS(p=0.019),with SHORTS also higher compared to CON(p=0.012)and SOCKS(p=0.005).Gastrocnemius medialis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS compared to CON(p=0.003),SOCKS(p=0.033),and SHORTS(p=0.003),with SOCKS higher compared to CON(p=0.044)and SHORTS(p=0.032).Vastus lateralis oxygenation was higher for TIGHTS

关键词： Arterial perfusion Lower-limb compression Pressure Venous flow

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Transplantation of primary and reversibly immortalized human liver cells and other gene therapies in acute liver failure and decompensated chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 636-642页

作者： Stephen M.riordan Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland Department of GastroenterologyThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia Institute of Hepatology University College London and University College London HospitalsLondonEngland

Studies performed in experimental small animalswith hepatic-based metabolic disorders but nostructural liver disease,including Gunn andanalbuminaemic rats and rabbits with inherited low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency,have shownthat up to 95% of hepatocytes transplanted into thespleen or liver remain in these sites,withimprovement in metabolic function

关键词： liver failure acute liver diseases liver transplantation gene therapy animals laboratory transfering growth factor beta

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A spotlight on snow leopard conservation in China

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第4期11卷 308-321页

作者： Justine S ALEXANDER Chengcheng ZHANG Kun SHI Philip riordan The Wildlife Institute School of Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Department of Zoology University of OxfordOxfordUK Wildlife Without Borders UK Tubney HouseOxfordshireUK

China holds the greatest proportion of the snow leopard’s(Panthera uncia)global range and is central to their conservation.The country is also undergoing unprecedented economic growth,which increases both the threats to the snow leopard and the opportunities for its conservation.In this paper we aim to review published literature(from 1950 to 2014)in English and Mandarin on snow leopard ecology and conservation in China in order to identify thematic and geographic research gaps and propose research priorities.We first retrieved all published items that considered snow leopards in China(n=106).We extracted from these papers 274 reports of snow leopard presence in China.We then reviewed a subset of papers(n=33)of this literature,which specifically focused on snow leopard ecology and conservation within China.We introduced a thematic framework that allows a structured and comprehensive assessment of findings.This framework recognizes 4 critical and interrelated topics underpinning snow leopard ecology and conservation:habitat(distribution and protected area coverage);prey(distribution and abundance,predator-prey relationships);human interactions(hunting and trade,livestock interactions and conflicts);and the underlying policy context.Significant gains in knowledge as well as research gaps and priorities are discussed with reference to our framework.The modest quantity and limited scope of published research on the snow leopard in China calls for a continued and intensified effort to inform and support national conservation policies.

关键词： China conservation Panthera uncia research prioritization

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Rapunzel syndrome is not just a mere surgical problem: A case report and review of current management

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第2期5卷 50-55页

作者： Obinna Obinwa David Cooper Faraz Khan James M O'riordan Department of Surgery the Adelaide and Meath Hospital Dublin Incorporating the National Children’s Hospital

Recurrent Rapunzel syndrome(RRS) is a rare clinical presentation with fewer than six cases reported in the Pub Med literature. A report of RRS and literature review is presented. A 25-year-old female was admitted to hospital with a 4-wk history of epigastric pain and swelling. She had a known history of trichophagia with a previous admission for Rapunzel syndrome requiring a laparotomy nine years earlier, aged 16. Psychological treatment had been successfully achieved for nine years with outpatient hypnotherapy sessions only, but she defaulted on her last session due to stressors at home. The abdominal examination demonstrated an epigastric mass. Computer tomography scan revealed a large gastric bezoar and features of aspiration pneumonia. The patient underwent emergency open surgical laparotomy for removal as the bezoar could not be removed endoscopically. The bezoar was cast in a shape that mimicked the contours of the stomach and proximal small bowel, hence the diagnosis of RRS. The patient was seen by a psychiatrist and was commenced on Quetiapine before discharge. She continues to attend follow-up.

关键词： Trichobezoars Rapunzel syndrome Recurrence Obsessive compulsive disorders Case report

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A Parameter-Uniform Finite Difference Method for a Coupled System of Convection-Diffusion Two-Point Boundary Value Problems

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2008年第2期1卷 176-197页

作者： Eugene O'riordan Jeanne Stynes Martin Stynes School of Mathematical Sciences Dublin City University Glasnevin Department of Computing Cork Institute of Technology Department of Mathematics National University of Ireland

A system of m (≥2) linear convection-diffusion two-point boundary value problems is examined,where the diffusion term in each equation is multiplied by a small parameterεand the equations are coupled through their convective and reactive terms via matrices B and A respectively.This system is in general singularly perturbed. Unlike the case of a single equation,it does not satisfy a conventional maximum princi- ple.Certain hypotheses are placed on the coupling matrices B and A that ensure exis- tence and uniqueness of a solution to the system and also permit boundary layers in the components of this solution at only one endpoint of the domain;these hypotheses can be regarded as a strong form of diagonal dominance of B.This solution is decomposed into a sum of regular and layer components.Bounds are established on these compo- nents and their derivatives to show explicitly their dependence on the small parameterε.Finally,numerical methods consisting of upwinding on piecewise-uniform Shishkin meshes are proved to yield numerical solutions that are essentially first-order conver- gent,uniformly inε,to the true solution in the discrete maximum norm.Numerical results on Shishkin meshes are presented to support these theoretical bounds.

关键词：两点边值问题对流扩散异常扰动连接系统

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Dietary overlap of snow leopard and other carnivores in the Pamirs of Northwestern China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第25期59卷 3162-3168页

作者： Jun Wang Alice Laguardia Peter John Damerell Philip riordan Kun Shi The Wildlife Institute School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre AbingdonOX13 5QL UK

Information about competition between carnivore species for food within high altitude regions is limited.Data collected from the Taxkorgan Nature Reserve,China revealed important interactions between snow leopard(Panthera uncia),grey wolf(Canis lupus),red fox(Vulpes vulpes)and their prey species,including domestic livestock.Sixty-four line transects were conducted in order to identify field signs of habitat occupancy and collect scats for diet analysis.High dietary overlap was observed between all three carnivore species:snow leopard and red fox(Pianka’s index=0.96),red fox and grey wolf(Pianka’s index=0.90),snow leopard and grey wolf(Pianka’s index=0.87).Snow leopard and grey wolf showed significant predation on livestock(36.8%for snow leopard and 29.4%for grey wolf in diet composition).As a pioneering exploration of the endangered snow leopard and its relationship with other species within the alpine ecosystem under livestock grazing pressure,this study contributes a greater understanding of the relationship within carnivore guild in the Pamirs whilst providing implications for conservation planning and project implementation activities in China.

关键词：帕米尔高原食肉动物中国西北雪豹膳食动物物种自然保护区塔什库尔干

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AN ACCURATE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF A TWO DIMENSIONAL HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEM WITH A PARABOLIC BOUNDARY LAYER

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1998年第1期16卷 27-39页

作者： C.Clavero J.J.H.Miller E.O'riordan G.I.Shishkin Universidad de Zaragoza 西班牙 Trinity College 爱尔兰 Dublin City University 爱尔兰 Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics 俄罗斯

A singularly perturbed linear convection-diffusion problem for heat transfer in two dimensions with a parabolic boundary layer is solved numerically The numerical method consists of a special piecewise uniform mesh condensing in a neighbourhood of the parabolic layer and a standard finite difference operator satisfying a discrete maximum principle. The numerical computations demonstrate numerically that the method is epsilon-uniform in the sense that the Fate of convergence and error constant of the method are independent of the singular perturbation parameter epsilon. This means that no matter how small the singular perturbation parameter epsilon is, the numerical method produces solutions with guaranteed accuracy depending solely on the number of mesh points used.

关键词： linear convection-diffusion parabolic layer piecewise uniform mesh finite difference

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