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Identification of thermal front dynamics in the northern Malacca Strait using ROMS 3D-model

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 41-57页

作者： Ku Nor Afiza Asnida Ku MANSOR Nur Hidayah ROSELI Poh Heng KOK Fariz Syafiq Mohamad ALI mohd fadzil mohd akhir Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala Nerus 21030Malaysia Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala Nerus 21030Malaysia

The thermal front in the oceanic system is believed to have a significant effect on biological *** an era of climate change,changes in heat regulation between the atmosphere and oceanic interior can alter the characteristics of this important *** the simulation results of the 3D Regional Ocean Modelling System(ROMS),we identified the location of thermal fronts and determined their dynamic variability in the area between the southern Andaman Sea and northern Malacca *** Single Image Edge Detection(SIED)algorithm was used to detect the thermal front from model-derived *** show that a thermal front occurred every year from 2002 to 2012 with the temperature gradient at the location of the front was 0.3°C/*** to the years affected by El Ni?o and negative Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),the normal years(e.g.,May 2003)show the presence of the thermal front at every selected depth(10,25,50,and 75 m),whereas El Ni?o and negative IOD during 2010 show the presence of the thermal front only at depth of 75 m due to greater warming,leading to the thermocline deepening and enhanced *** May 2003,the thermal front was separated by cooler SST in the southern Andaman Sea and warmer SST in the northern Malacca *** higher SST in the northern Malacca Strait was believed due to the besieged Malacca Strait,which trapped the heat and make it difficult to release while higher chlorophyll a in Malacca Strait is due to the freshwater conduit from nearby rivers(Klang,Langat,Perak,and Selangor).Furthermore,compared to the southern Andaman Sea,the chlorophyll a in the northern Malacca Strait is easier to reach the surface area due to the shallower thermocline,which allows nutrients in the area to reach the surface faster.

关键词： regional ocean modelling system thermal front Andaman Sea Malacca Strait single image edge detection algorithm

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Temperature variability caused by internal tides in the coastal waters of east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第1期38卷 22-31页

作者： Nur Hidayah Roseli mohd fadzil akhir Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

The effects of tidal currents(i.e., barotropic and internal tides) are important in the biogeochemistry of a coastal shelf sea. The high-frequency of currents and near-bottom temperatures collected in three consecutive southwest monsoon seasons(May, June, July and August of 2013 until 2015) is presented to reveal the role of the tidal currents to the temperature variability in the coastal shelf sea of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM),south of the South China Sea(SCS). The results of a spectral density and harmonic analysis demonstrate that the near-bottom temperature variability and the tidal currents are influenced by diurnal(O_1 and K_1) and semidiurnal(M_2) tidal currents. The spectral density of residual currents(detided data) at 5, 10 and 16 m depth also shows significant peaks at the diurnal tidal frequency(K_1) and small peaks at the semidiurnal tidal frequency(M_2)indicating the existence of internal tides. The result of the horizontal kinetic energy(HKE) shows a strong intermittent energy of internal tides in the ECPM with the strongest energy is found at 16 m depth during a sporadic cooling event in June and July. A high horizontal cross-shore heat flux(16 m) also indicates strong intrusions of cooler water into the ECPM in June and July. During the short duration of cold pulse water observed in June and July, a cross-wavelet analysis also reveals the strong relationship between the near-bottom temperatures and the internal tidal currents at the diurnal tidal frequency. The intrusion of this cooler water is probably related to the monsoon-induced upwelling in June. It is loosely interpreted that the interaction between the strong barotropic tides and the steep slope in the central basin of the SCS under the stratified condition in southwest monsoon has generated these internal tides. The dissipation of internal tides from the slope area probably has driven the cold-upwelled water into the ECPM coastal shelf sea when the upwelling intensity is th

关键词： east coast of Peninsular Malaysia South China Sea barotropic tidal currents internal tides nearbottom temperature coastal shelf sea

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Exploring thermocline and water masses variability in southern South China Sea from the World Ocean Database(WOD)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第1期38卷 38-47页

作者： Afifi Johari mohd fadzil akhir Institute of Oceanography and Environmental Studies University Malaysia of Terengganu

Study about water characteristics(temperature and salinity) from the World Ocean Database(WOD) was conducted in the area of southern South China Sea(SSCS), covering the area of 0°–10°N, 100°–117°E. From interannual analysis, upper layer(10 m) and deep water temperature(50 m) increased from 1951 until 2014. Monthly averaged show that May recorded the highest upper layer temperature while January recorded the lowest. It was different for the deep water which recorded the highest value in September and lowest in February. Contour plot for upper layer temperature in the study area shows presence of thermal front of cold water at southern part of Vietnam tip especially during peak northeast season(December–January). The appearances of warm water were obviously seen during generating southwest monsoon(May–June). Thermocline study revealed the deepest isothermal layer depth(ILD) during peak northeast and southwest monsoon. Temperature threshold at shallow area reach more than 0.8°C during the transitional period. Water mass study described T-S profile based on particular region. Water mass during the southwest monsoon is typically well mixed compared to other seasons while strong separation according to location is very clear. During transitional period between northeast monsoon to southwest monsoon, the increasing of water temperature can be seen at Continental Shelf Water(CSW) which tend to be higher than 29°C and vice versa condition during transitional period between southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon. Dispersion of T-S profile can be seen during southwest monsoon inside Tropical Surface Water(TSW) where the salinity and temperature become higher than during northeast monsoon.

关键词： southern South China Sea upper layer temperature northeast monsoon southwest monsoon thermocline water mass

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Dynamic of ENSO towards upwelling and thermal front zone in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第1期38卷 48-60页

作者： Nurul Rabitah Daud mohd fadzil akhir Aidy M Muslim Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA

The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation(ENSO) is a natural phenomenon that relates to the fluctuation of temperatures over the Pacific Ocean. The ENSO significantly affects the ocean dynamics including upwelling event and coastal front. A recent study discovered the seasonal upwelling in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM), which is significant to the fishery industry in this region. Thus, it is vital to have a better understanding of the influence of ENSO towards the coastal upwelling and thermal front in the ECPM. The sea surface temperature(SST) data achieved from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) aboard Aqua satellite are used in this study to observe the SST changes from 2005 to 2015. However, due to cloud cover issue, a reconstruction of data set is applied to MODIS data using the data interpolating empirical orthogonal function(DINEOF) to fill in the missing gap in the dataset based on spatial and temporal available data. Besides, a wavelet transformation analysis is done to determine the temperature fluctuation throughout the time series. The DINEOF results show the coastal upwelling in the ECPM develops in July and reaches its peak in August with a clear cold water patch off the coast. There is also a significant change of SST distribution during the El Ni?o years which weaken the coastal upwelling event along the ECPM. The wavelet transformation analysis shows the highest temperature fluctuation is in 2009–2010 which indicates the strongest El Ni?o throughout the time period. It is suggested that the El Ni?o is favourable for the stratification in water column thus it is weakening the upwelling and thermal frontal zone formation in ECPM waters.

关键词： ENSO thermal frontal zone coastal upwelling sea surface temperature South China Sea

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Coastal oceanographic processes associated with blood cockle (Anadara granosa) induce spawning season in Kapar, Selangor, Malaysia

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第4期1卷 289-299页

作者： Hadzley Harith mohd Lokman Husain mohd fadzil mohd akhir Impact Assessment Research Division Fisheries Research Institute11960 Batu MaungPulau PinangMalaysia Deputy Vice Chancellor(Academic and International) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala TerengganuMalaysia Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala TerengganuMalaysia

Study on coastal processes in Kapar waters was conducted from *** aim of this study is to identify potential blood cockle(Anadara granosa)induce spawning ground based on physical intermittency.A total of 132 sampling stations were recorded.A thermal power station situated 2 km away is discharging treated warm water(3 m MSL)which prevents cockle farmers from harvesting due to their maximum of 3 m long hand ***,this information could be useful for cockle sustainable management plan in near future.

关键词： Blood cockle(Anadara granosa) Cockle induce spawning condition Coastal oceanography and great diurnal range

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China published ocean forecasting system for the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road on December 10, 2018

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第1期38卷 1-3页

作者： Fangli Qiao Guansuo Wang Somkiat Khokiattiwong mohd fadzil akhir Wenxi Zhu Bin Xiao First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural Resources Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute Department of Marine and Coastal ResourcesMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO

1 The unique ocean forecasting system (OFS) based on FIO-COM The OFS is based on the surface wave-tide-circulation coupled ocean model developed by the First Institute of Oceanography (FIO-COM), Ministry of Natural Resources, China. The half-century challenge that ocean circulation models must address is that the forecasting/simulated sea surface temperature overheats while the sub-surface temperature is too cold, especially during the summer. Qiao et al.(2004, 2010, 2016) found that the non-breaking surface wave can generate turbulence through wave-turbulence interaction, and they developed the wave-induced mixing theory, which has been confirmed by observations, laboratory experiments and model numerical simulations. As validated by ocean circulation models from various research groups, including Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) in the US (Fan and Griffies, 2014), Uppsala University of Sweden (Wu et al., 2015), Laboratoire d’Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale (LEGOS) in France (Malek and Babanin, 2014), Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Hungary (Peter and Kramer, 2016) and the Ocean University of China (Lin et al., 2006), the non-breaking surface waveinduced vertical mixing (Bv) can always dramatically improve the simulation capacity of various ocean circulation models. The First Institute of Oceanography (FIO) research group found that tidal-induced mixing plays a key role in the formation of coastal upwelling, in the bottom mixed layer and in areas with sea mounts (Lv et al., 2006, 2008). With the above breakthroughs, the first surface wavetide-circulation coupled model of FIO-COM was developed in 2013. It was adopted to produce a reanalysis dataset for the period of January 2014 to April 2016, and it has been used for the operational OFS since May 2016. A highly efficient parallel scheme was designed to use the full capacity of Taihu Light with 10 649 600 CPU cores (Qiao et al., 2016), which earned a finalist nomination

关键词： OFS FIO-COM China

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Hydrodynamic Modelling of Bidong Island Vicinity Waters

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第3期5卷 306-323页

作者： Nurul Rabitah Daud mohd fadzil mohd akhir Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia

This paper explores the dynamic of meteorological forcing on current circulation pattern in the vicinity of Bidong using an unstructured flexible mesh hydrodynamic model. The forcings were wind, tides, temperature and salinity. The seasonal wind monsoon, mixed tides with dominant diurnal and tropical monsoon climate is characteristics of Bidong Island. We find that this area has different current circulation patterns in response to monsoon changes. It also experienced a small scale of island wake during NE monsoon. This island wake was generated by a strong northeasterly wind. We performed a series of numerical simulations based on three dominant factors in circulation, and evaluated the model using wind, tides and density. We investigated the wind-driven circulation and residual current. This study contributes to the debates on hydrodynamic of current circulation in vicinity of Bidong Island. Specifically, this study was conducted to understand the changes of currents by seasonal wind (NE monsoon and SW monsoon), temperature and salinity.

关键词： Hydrodynamic Current Circulation Island Modeling Monsoon

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Evidence of Upwelling along Peninsular Malaysia during Southwest Monsoon

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第3期5卷 273-279页

作者： mohd fadzil akhir Farshid Daryabor mohd Lokman Husain Fredolin Tangang Fangli Qiao Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia Institute of Ocean and Earth Science University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia School of Marine and Environmental Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology National University of Malaysia Bangi Malaysia First Institute of Oceanography Qingdao China

Upwelling off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (PM) was detected from recent cruise data collected during the southwest monsoon. Thermocline lifting was observed at 104?E from a number of parallel transects. To confirm the presence of upwelling, satellite remote sensing data were used, and numerical model experiments were conducted. A cooler sea-surface temperature along the coast was spotted from both in-situ and satellite data while upward movement from the model agreed with field data. The southwesterly wind that blows along PM from June to September is believed to be the important mechanism that contributed to this upwelling through an Ekman dynamics process.

关键词： South China Sea Upwelling Peninsular Malaysia Southwest Monsoon Numerical Model

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Water Mass Characteristics and Stratification at the Shallow Sunda Shelf of Southern South China Sea

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2015年第4期5卷 455-467页

作者： Nur Hidayah Roseli mohd fadzil akhir mohd Lokman Husain Fredolin Tangang Azizi Ali Institute of Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia Research Centre for Tropical Climate Change System National University of Malaysia Bangi Malaysia

CTD data obtained from two oceanographic cruises during June and October 2012 were used to define the water mass characteristics and degree of stratification at the shallow Sunda shelf located at the southern South China Sea. The water masses during both cruises showed characteristics similar (southwest monsoon) to those observed in the adjacent regions. A clustering method was used in which three water masses were classified from the composite dataset. There are WM1 (T 29°C - 31°C, S 32 - 33.5 psu, & σT, ~19.5 - 20.7 kg/m3), WM2 (T 25°C - 29°C, S 32.8 - 33.8 psu, & σT, ~22.3 - 23 kg/m3) and WM3 (T 23°C - 25°C, S33.5 - 34.0, & σT ~22.3 - 23.3 kg/m3). Even though the water masses found were characterized under southwest monsoon characteristics, the degrees of stratification obtained varied between these cruises. The stability of the stratification also plays roles in the distribution of the water masses in the water column. WM2 was found in thermocline layer and most dominant in June compared to in October. In June, WM3 was found under the thermocline layer and absent in October. The stable thermocline caused the denser WM3 cannot mixed with WM2. Higher temperatures and weaker winds during June may have caused the strong stratification, while decreasing temperature and stronger winds of an upcoming northeast monsoon enhanced the vertical mixing during October.

关键词： Water Masses Stratification Brunt-Vaisala Frequency Sunda Shelf South China Sea

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Generating Type 2 Trapezoidal Fuzzy Membership Function Using Genetic Tuning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 717-734页

作者： Siti Hajar Khairuddin mohd Hilmi Hasan Emilia Akashah P.akhir Manzoor Ahmed Hashmani Centre for Research in Data Science Department of Computer and Information SciencesUniversiti Teknologi PETRONASPerakMalaysia

Fuzzy inference system(FIS)is a process of fuzzy logic reasoning to produce the output based on fuzzified *** system starts with identifying input from data,applying the fuzziness to input using membership functions(MF),generating fuzzy rules for the fuzzy sets and obtaining the *** are several types of input MFs which can be introduced in FIS,commonly chosen based on the type of real data,sensitivity of certain rule implied and computational *** paper focuses on the construction of interval type 2(IT2)trapezoidal shape MF from fuzzy C Means(FCM)that is used for fuzzification process of mamdani *** the process,upper MF(UMF)and lower MF(LMF)of the MF need to be identified to get the range of the footprint of uncertainty(FOU).This paper proposes Genetic tuning process,which is a part of genetic algorithm(GA),to adjust parameters in order to improve the behavior of existing system,especially to enhance the accuracy of the system *** novel process is a hybrid approach which produces Genetic Fuzzy System(GFS)that helps to enhance fuzzy classification problems and *** approach provides a new method for the construction and tuning process of the IT2 MF,based on the FCM *** result is compared to Gaussian shape IT2 MF and trapezoid IT2 MF generated by the classic GA *** is shown that the proposed approach is able to outperform the mentioned benchmarked *** work implies a wider range of IT2 MF types,constructed based on FCM outcomes,and an optimum generation of the FOU so that it can be implemented in practical applications such as prediction,analytics and rule-based solutions.

关键词： Fuzzy inference system membership function genetic tuning lateral adjustment trapezoidal MF fuzzy C means

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