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Clays as dietary supplements for swine:A review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第1期7卷 41-49页

作者： mohana devi subramaniam In Ho Kim Department of Animal Resource and Science Dankook University

Clays are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate molecules composed of alkali and alkaline earth cations along with small amounts of various other elements. The best-known are montmorillonite, smectite, illite, kaolinite, biotite and clinoptilolite. The molecules in these clays are arranged in three-dimensional structures creating internal voids and channels capable of trapping a wide variety of molecules. As a result of this structure, clay minerals are regarded as a simple and effective tool for the prevention of the negative effects of many toxic compounds. Dietary supplementation with clays has been shown to improve weight gain and feed conversion in pigs. Where improvements in performance have been noted, one of the most likely explanations for the improvement is the fact clays increase nutrient digestibility. Clays reduce the speed of passage of feed along the digestive tract which allows more time for digestion. Feeding clays also causes morphological changes in the intestina mucosa such as an increase in villus height and an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. These changes increase the surface area of the gastrointestinal tract thus increasing nutrient digestibility, Several studies have indicated that feeding clay reduces the incidence, severity and duration of diarrhea in pigs. The mechanism for the reduction in diarrhea is likely due to increases in the numbers of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus and decreases in Clostridia and E. coil in the small intestine of pigs fed clays. In addition, the numbers of pigs born alive and weaned, birth weight and weaning weight have been shown to be higher for sows fed clays. Several studies have indicated that clays can help mitigate the effects of mycotoxins. The aim of the present review is to focus on the various clays which have been given attention in recent research and to discuss their potential to improve pig performance.

关键词： Animal production Clay Clinoptilolite Feed additive Montmorillonite Zeolite

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Oxidative stress and mitochondrial transfer:A new dimension towards ocular diseases

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第3期9卷 610-637页

作者： mohana devi subramaniam Mahalaxmi Iyer Aswathy P.Nair Dhivya Venkatesan Sinnakaruppan Mathavan Nimmisha Eruppakotte Soumya Kizhakkillach Manoj kumar Chandran Ayan Roy Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan Balachandar Vellingiri SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology Vision Research FoundationChennai 600006Tamil NaduIndia Department of Zoology Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for WomenCoimbatore 641043Tamil NaduIndia Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory Department of Human Genetics and Molecular BiologyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatore 641046Tamil NaduIndia Department of Biotechnology Lovely Professional UniversityPunjab 144411India Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Bio Sciences and Technology(SBST)Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Vellore 600127India

Ocular cells like,retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)is a highly specialized pigmented monolayer of post-mitotic cells,which is located in the posterior segment of the eye between neuro sensory retina and vascular *** functions as a selective barrier and nourishes retinal visual *** a result of high-level oxygen consumption of retinal cells,RPE cells are vulnerable to chronic oxidative stress and an increased level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated from *** oxidative stress and ROS generation in retinal cells lead to RPE *** sources including mtDNA damage could be an important factor of oxidative stress in *** therapy and mitochondrial transfer studies are emerging fields in ocular disease *** retinal degenerative diseases stem cell-based transplantation methods are developed from basic research to preclinical and clinical *** research contributions of gene and cell therapy would be a new strategy to prevent,treat and cure various ocular *** review focuses on the effect of oxidative stress in ocular cell degeneration and recent translational researches on retinal degenerative diseases to cure blindness.

关键词： Mitochondrial transfer Oxidative stress Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) RPE Degeneration Stem cell treatment

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