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Review of pharmacologic and immunologic agents in the management of COVID-19

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Biosafety and Health 2021年第3期3卷 148-155页

作者： Marzuq A.Ungogo Mustapha mohammed Bala N.Umar Auwal A.Bala Garba M.Khalid Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810107Kaduna StateNigeria Institute of Infection Immunity and InflammationCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128TAUnited Kingdom School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysi1Penang City 11800Pulau Pinang StateMalaysia Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810107Kaduna StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAhmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810107Kaduna StateNigeria Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine and Health SciencesFederal UniversityDutse 720231Jigawa StateNigeria Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bayero UniversityKano P.M.B.3011Kano StateNigeria Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences UniversitàDegli Studi di MilanoVia G.Colombo71Milano 20133Italy

The novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is the third coronavirus outbreak in the last two *** and re-emerging infections like COVID-19 pose serious challenges of the paucity of information and lack of specific cure or *** leaves utilisation of existing scientific data on related viral infections and repurposing relevant aetiologic and supportive therapies as the best control approach while novel strategies are developed and *** promising antiviral agents including lopinavir,ritonavir,remdesivir,umifenovir,darunavir,and oseltamivir have been repurposed and are currently trialled for the care for COVID-19 *** therapies for the management of symptoms and to provide support especially in severe and critically ill patients have also been *** review provides an appraisal of the current evidence for the rational use of frontline therapeutics in the management of *** also includes updates regarding COVID-19 immunotherapy and vaccine development.

关键词： SAR-CoV-2 COVID-19 Respiratory Drug repurposing Antiviral Supportive therapy Immunotherapy

Optimisation of Crude Oil Adsorbent Developed from a Modified Styrene Kenaf Shive

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2019年第2期7卷 38-51页

作者： Zwahruddeen Muhammad Salisu Ishiaku S. Umaru Danladi Abdullahi mohammed Kabir Yakubu Diya’uddeen Bashir Hasan National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT) Zaria Nigeria Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria Nigeria Center for Energy Research and Training (CERT) Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria Nigeria

A new kind of hydrophobic crude oil sorbent was successfully developed by grafting kenaf shive with styrene monomer. In this paper, crude oil sorbents were developed through regeneration method by varying the initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes in the range of 0.5 - 2.5 wt%, 0.5 - 2.0 wt % and 125 - 1000 μm respectively. This research approach for the development of crude oil sorbent from graft modified kenaf shive/core and the aforementioned variable optimization has not been reported. The effect studies of the individual and combine factors were carried out using a statistical experimental design matrix using five-level central composite design (CCD). Respond surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise and develop equations of the aforementioned variables (initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes). The optimal swelling capacity of 616% and 267% lower retention were achieved at initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle size of 12.5 wt%, 1.50 wt% and 562 μm respectively. TGA-DTA, XRD and BET analysis were carried out on optimised sample and, FTIR was carried on both unmodified (UG) and optimized sorbent. Further computations were done for grafting efficiency (GE), homopolymers and density. The findings display the effect of the three variables and navigation equations were generated for further investigations on them. However, the results show the feasibility and robustness of facile oil sorption.

关键词： Sorbent Initiator Crude Oil Kenaf Shive Respond Surface Methodology (RSM)

Preliminary Phytochemical and Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Sida corymbosa</i>Plant

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第12期11卷 1991-1997页

作者： John Maiganga Bakut Yohanna Adamu Tende Aksavdwa Isaac Agyigra Mojisola O. Tende Abdulkadir Umar Zezi Nuhu mohammed Danjuma Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

Over centuries, Sub-Saharan Africans have been using Sida corymbosa leaf extract during labour with the claims that it aids and facilitates childbirth among others. This study aimed at preliminary investigating the phytochemical constituent as well as the safety. Fresh plant (leaves) specimen was harvested and identified. Aqueous Sida corymbosa leaf extraction was carried out and used for phytochemical evaluation and toxicity study. Thirteen (13) adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals (n = 3) each for the first phase of the toxicity study and treated with doses (10, 100 and 1000) mg/kg respectively and observed for 48 hours. Four groups consisting of 1 animal each (n = 1) were used for the second phase and treated with doses of (140, 225, 370 and 600) mg/kg respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, sterol, triterpenes and anthraquinones in the extract. The LD50 of the extract was found to be 471.17 mg/kg. The results of this study show that the aqueous leaf extract of Sida corymbosa is slightly toxic with potentials for biological activities from phytochemicals present.

关键词： Phytochemicals Toxicity Sida corymbosa

Evaluation of Quantitative Phytochemicals, Liver Enzymes and Histological Changes in Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats Treated with Aqueous Extracts of <i>Brysocarpus coccineus</i>

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2017年第3期5卷 33-44页

作者： Kashini Andrew Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel Deborah Chioma Ejiogu Chinonso Nicodemus Chima Fatima mohammed Yahuza Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Umeh Philemon Paul Mshelia Department of Human Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Medical SciencesAhmadu Bello University ZariaNigeria Department of Human Physiology College of Medical SciencesAbubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchiNigeria

Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity is a major concern in patients taking anti tuberculosis treatment and prophylaxis. It can result in elevated serum liver enzymes and hepatic failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and ameliorative effects of aqueous extracts of Brysocarpus coccineus on serum liver enzymes in isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of six rats each and were treated orally for 30 days as follows: Group I: 1 ml/kg of distilled water;group II: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg);group III: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + Livolin forte (20 mg/kg);group IV: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (200 mg/kg);group V: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (400 mg/kg);group VI: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (800 mg/kg). At the end of the experiments, the Wistar rats were sacrificed and sera obtained for liver enzymes assay, whereas the liver tissue was also harvested and used for histological studies. Tanins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were quantitatively present at 2.29%, 18.05%, 23.24% and 18.99%, respectively. There was an increase in the serum AST and ALT in the isoniazid treated group, which was reversed by livolin forte and the aqueous extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg, however the extracts increased the serum levels of AST and ALT at higher doses, which was however not significant (p > 0.05) when compared to the controls. There was evidence of a reduction in hepatocytes damage in the extract treated groups when compared to the Isoniazid untreated group. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of B. coccineus shows hepatoprotective effects at 200 mg/kg in isoniazid hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats.

关键词： Brysocarpus coccineus Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity Phytochemicals

Hypoglycemic Potential of African Medicinal Plants in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Human Subjects: A Review

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2023年第2期3卷 39-49页

作者： Aminu mohammed Department of Biochemistry Ahmadu Bello University81000 ZariaKaduna StateNigeria

Africa is blessed with several plants and marine organisms used to treat various diseases including *** folkloric use of some of these plants in treating diabetes has been documented in various databases and publi-cations,and validated using various diabetes ***,most of the investigations on African medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents are not taken beyond proof-of-concept ***,limited number of clinical trials were conducted to validate the efficacy in humans and the few available clinical studies have not been critically ***,this review is intended to document the antidiabetic potential of African medici-nal plants investigated in human subjects as well their safety *** articles were harvested from the major scientific databases(Scopus,PubMed,and Google Scholar).According to the present search,eighteen(18)African medicinal plants and one herbal formulation were the only plants investigated for antidiabetic ac-tivity in *** plants showed no noticeable toxicity throughout the study ***,all the 18 plant species were traditionally used to treat diabetes in various parts of *** variations in the study period and dosages used,Laportea ovalifolia(Schumach.&Thonn.)Chew.(Urticaceae)and Momordica charantia L.(Cucurbitaceae)were the most effective as they reduced fasting blood glucose by>50%after 10 days and 4 weeks treatment periods,*** available information revealed that African medicinal plants espe-cially *** and *** should be subjected to phase III clinical trial,aimed at getting the natural product-based antidiabetic drugs from Africa.

关键词： African medicinal plants Diabetes Clinical trial Hyperglycemia Safety

Analysis of Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties in the Tropical Legume Project (TL III) States in Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第2期11卷 143-156页

作者： Benjamin Ahmed Candidus Alichenu Echekwu S. G. mohammed Chris Ojiewo Hakeem Ajeigbe Micheal Bobboh Vabi Hippolyte Affognon Jourdain Lokossou Ogechi Cordelia Nwahia Department of Agricultural Economics Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Plant Science Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Center for Dryland Agriculture Bayero University Kano Nigeria International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) East African Regional Office Nairobi Kenya International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Kano Nigeria International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Bamako Mali

Agricultural technologies and innovations play a great role in increasing productivity, alleviating and reducing poverty and contributing to economic development and this is made possible through adoption of improved technologies and innovations. This study centered on analysis of adoption of improved groundnut varieties in the Tropical Legume (TL III) States of Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 1476 groundnut farmers in the project States and from whom primary data were collected using electronic data capturing instrument containing the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Average Treatment Effect (ATE) framework. The results showed that the breeding and promotion of improved groundnut varieties in Nigeria under the Tropical Legume Project and with the synergy of USAID groundnut up-scaling Project in Nigeria resulted in very high level of awareness of improved varieties, more than average level of access to the improved variety seeds, moderate level of utilization of the improved varieties among the groundnut farmers and the adoption rate of improved varieties increased from 8% at based line to 57% at the end of the project. The study recommends extension of the project to facilitate further access to these varieties and for state governments to take ownership of the projects in terms of financial commitments to promotional efforts for mass adoption by farmers.

关键词： Adoption Improved Groundnut Varieties Tropical Legume (TL III) Project

Retrograde Dye Test for the Assessment of Tubal Patency in a Virgin: A Case Report and Review of Literature

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第4期8卷 385-390页

作者： A. O. Ojabo A. A. Adesiyun Amina mohammed-Durosinlorun M. Maanongun P. O. Eka S. K. Hembah-Hilekaan Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology College of Health Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology College of Medicine Kaduna State Kaduna Nigeria

Background: Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) and Laparoscopy and dye tests for tubal assessment for a virgin who places high premium on her virginity could be challenging. Routine HSG may result in loss or damage to the hymen and loss of virginity. Aim: The aim of the procedure of retrograde dye test was explored to see the possibility of assessing tubal patency during laparotomy. Case Presentation: At laparotomy and after myomectomy in a 32 year old virgin, a moderate sized Wilkinson’s cannula was gently inserted at the fimbrial end of the both tubes and 50mls of dilute Methylene-Blue solution was injected in each tube at a time to see whether the dye will appear at the vagina introitus. There was no resistance to flow of the dye in both tubes. Inspection of the vaginal introitus revealed a gush of dye flowing through it as the dye was introduced through each tube confirming the patency of both tubes. Conclusion: Retrograde dye test at the time of abdominal procedures like myomectomy, pelvic adhesiolysis and excision of endometriotic cyst can be cost effective. This procedure is also useful in assessing tubal patency for women who undergo laparotomy and also wish to preserve their virginity.

关键词： Tubal Patency Assessment Retrograde Dye Test Myomectomy Virginity

In vivo combination therapy of chloroquine and stigmasterol against Plasmodium berghei induced pathologies in mice

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Journal of Hainan Medical University 2020年第17期26卷 10-16页

作者： Auwal Adamu Muhammad A.Saliu Abdullahi A.Dantani Yaqub Nimat Hauwa T.Giaze Najib Musa Buba Hussena Morik Dorathy Ahmad M.Kandi Musa Daniel mohammed Auwal Ibrahim Department of Biochemistry Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

Objective:To investigate the effect of combination therapy of chloroquine and stigmasterol on Plasmodium(P.)berghei malaria-induced organ ***:Totally 35 mice weighing 20-30g were placed into 7 groups of 5 mice each and distributed as uninfected administered 100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol,uninfected administered only feed and water ad libitum,infected with *** and administered 50 mg/Kg BW stigmasterol,100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol,100 mg/kg BW stigmasterol plus 5 mg/kg BW chloroquine,and 5 mg/kg BW *** last group of mice served as *** infected and not treated *** levels of parasitemia,packed cell volume,and other biochemical parameters were ***:Combination therapy of *** infection with stigmasterol and chloroquine did not significantly(P>0.05)reduce parasitemia level while stigmasterol treatment alone significantly(P0.05)altered upon treatment with both doses of stigmasterol as well as the combination ***:This study concluded that the combination of stigmasterol and chloroquine could combat anemia and some organ pathologies associated with *** infection.

关键词： Malaria Stigmasterol Chloroquine Plasmodium berghei Organ pathologies

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA dependent RNA polymerase as targets for drug and vaccine development: A review

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Biosafety and Health 2021年第5期3卷 249-263页

作者： Yusuf Muhammed Abduljalal Yusuf Nadabo Mkpouto Pius Bashiru Sani Jafar Usman Nasir Anka Garba Jaafaru mohammed Sani Basit Opeyemi Olayanju Sunday Zeal Bala Musa Garba Abdullahi Misbahu Sambo Department of Biochemistry Federal UniversityGusauNigeria Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ahmadu Bello University ZariaNigeria Department of Medical Genetics University of CambridgeCB21TNUnited Kingdom Department of Microbiology Federal University of LafiaNigeria Department of Biochemistry Kaduna State UniversityNigeria Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International UniversityFL 33199USA Department of Biochemistry Bayero University KanoNigeria Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kaduna State UniversityNigeria Department of Biochemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University BauchiNigeria

The present pandemic has posed a crisis to the economy of the world and the health ***,the race to expand research to understand some good molecular targets for vaccine and therapeutic development for SARS-CoV-2 is *** newly discovered coronavirus 2019(COVID-19)is a positive sense,single-stranded RNA,and enveloped virus,assigned to the beta CoV *** virus(SARS-CoV-2)is more infectious than the previously detected coronaviruses(MERS and SARS).Findings from many studies have revealed that S protein and RdRp are good targets for drug repositioning,novel therapeutic development(antibodies and small molecule drugs),and vaccine *** such as chloroquine,convalescent plasma,monoclonal antibodies,spike binding peptides,and small molecules could alter the ability of S protein to bind to the ACE-2 receptor,and drugs such as remdesivir(targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRp),favipir,and emetine could prevent SASR-CoV-2 RNA *** novel vaccines such as mRNA1273(Moderna),3LNP-mRNAs(Pfizer/BioNTech),and ChAdOx1-S(University of Oxford/Astra Zeneca)targeting S protein have proven to be effective in combating the present *** exploration of the potential of S protein and RdRp is crucial in fighting the present pandemic.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein(S protein) RNA dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp) Drug repositioning SARS-CoV-2-vaccines