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The Potentials of Kyanite Particles and Coconut Shell Ash as Strengthener in Aluminum Alloy Composite for Automobile Brake Disc

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2020年第3期8卷 84-96页

作者： Simon Godenaan Datau mohammed Ahmed Bawa Jacob Shekwonudu Jatau Muhammad Hamisu Muhammad Adekunle Sefiu bello Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Jos Jos Nigeria Department of Mechanical/Production Engineering Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Kwara State University Malete Nigeria

The use of waste materials to produce engineering components is currently attracting so much interest due to their low cost, availability and environmental impact. In this study, coconut shell ash (CSA) and kyanite particles (KP) produced from coconut shells and kyanite mineral respectively were characterized. X-ray Florence (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the oxide compositions, crystalline phases and microstructures of CSA and KP. The XRF analysis revealed major oxides in CSA and KP as SiO2 and Fe2O3;and Al2O3 and SiO2 respectively. The XRD analysis revealed the presence of Quartz, Hematite, Andradite and Gaultite phases at major peaks in diffractogram of CSA;and Quartz and Beryl phases at major peaks in the diffractogram of KP. The crystallite sizes of the quartz phases in CSA and KP at diffraction angle of 26.72°C and 20.91°C were determined as 638.28 Åand 789.38 Årespectively. From the SEM image of CSA, it was observed that particles of different sizes are present in the microstructure of CSA. The average size of the particles in the microstructure of CSA is 26.24 μm. A similar result was observed in the SEM image of KP and average size of the particles is 3.074 μm. Also, the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrums of CSA and KP revealed the presence of many elements with calcium as the major element in CSA and Aluminium as major element in KP. The presence of the crystalline phases in CSA (SiO2, Al2O3, andradite, gaultite and hematite) and KP (SiO2 and Al2O3) will make them good strengthening materials for the production of Aluminium based composites that can be used in applications where a good combination of strength and wear characteristics is a basic requirement like brake disc.

关键词： Kyanite Particles Coconut Shell Ash Oxide Compounds Crystalline Phases Density and Strengtheners

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Prevalence of Cryptosporidial Oocysts in Soil of Recreational Parks in Abuja, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第4期4卷 224-227页

作者： Idowu Oluwabukola Olufemi Otalu Otalu Jr. mohammed bello Idris Alao Lawal Jacob Kwada Pajhi Kwaga Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

Contamination of soil with cryptosporidial oocysts poses a great health risk to people especially in individuals who are immune-compromised. Exposure to contaminated soil can cause diarrhoea in humans especially in children who play around the parks and may not wash their hands before handling food. The prevalence of cryptosporidial oocyst in soils of 4 recreational parks in Abuja, Nigeria was investigated. Four hundred soil samples were collected from various locations within the recreational parks and examined for the presence of cryptosporidial oocyst using modified acid fast staining technique. In nine (2.3%) of the samples, 8 were from park A and 1 was from park B contained cryptosporidial oocyst. There was significant association (χ2 = 20.1;df = 2;p = 0.00004) between prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and level of hygiene of the parks. It was concluded that soil in recreational parks may be a source of infection with Cryptosporidium oocysts.

关键词： Cryptosporidial Oocyst Recreational Parks Abuja Health Risk

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Challenging management of congenital bilateral radial club hand: A case report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2014年第1期3卷 32-35页

作者： Abdulrahman Alhaji Mahmud Muhammad Kabir Abubakar Musa Adamu Kabir mohammed Inuwa Ismail Muslimat Ajibola Alada Bashir bello 1Department of Surgery Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine Bayero Uni-versity Kano Nigeria Department of Surgery Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Surgery Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Bayero University Kano Nigeria

Congenital radial club hand (CRCH) is a terminal deficiency characterized by the radial deviation of the hand, marked shortening of the forearm, and generalized underdevelopment of the extremity with an incidence rate of 1 per 100,000 live births. Both sexes are nearly or equally affected. Challenges that the disease poses to the patient are multifaceted, ranging from medical, social, cosmetic and functional issues which also are the multidimensional treatment modalities. We report a case of a 2-month-old baby with the severe case of bilateral CRCH. The patient had the centralization of the left ulna with Kwire stabilization. About 160d of correction was achieved. He did well and was discharged after two weeks at the orthopedic clinic for follow-up. Congenital radial club hand though uncommon may be amenable to surgery. Centralization is still the treatment of choice in severe cases and early intervention will offer a better outcome.

关键词： Congenital Radial Club Hand Centralization Early Intervention

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Effects of melatonin on changes in cognitive performances and brain malondialdehyde concentration induced by sub-chronic coadministration of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in male Wister rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第4期4卷 318-323页

作者： Idris Sherifat Banke Ambali Suleiman Folorunsho Bisalla mohammed Suleiman mohammed Musa Onukak Charles Ayo Joseph Olusegun Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Ilorin Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAhmadu Bello University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAhmadu Bello University

Objective:To evaluate the ameliorative effect of melatonin on sub-chronic chlorpyrifos(CPF)and cypermethrin(CYP)-evoked cognitive changes in male Wistar ***:Fifty adult male Wistar rats,divided into five groups of ten rats each,were used for the ***ⅠandⅡwere given distilled water and soya oil(2 ml/kg)***Ⅲwas administered with melatonin at 0.5 mg/kg ***Ⅳwas administered with CPF[7.96 mg/kg(1/10th LD_(50))]and CYP[29.6 mg/kg(1/10th LD_(50))].and Group V was administered with CPF[7.96 mg/kg(1/10th LD_(50)]and CYP[29.6 mg/kg(1/10th LD_(50)]30 min after melatonin(0.5 mg/kg).The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for 12 ***,cognitive performances were determined and the brain was evaluated for malonaldehyde ***:CPF and CYP induced cognitive deficits and increased brain malonaldehyde concentration,which were all ameliorated by ***:Cognitive deficits elicited by CPF and CYP was mitigated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.

关键词： Chlorpyrifos Cypermethrin Cognition Brain malondialdehyde Melatonin

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Occurrence of Fluoride in the Groundwater of Kaltungo Area and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第8期7卷 167-179页

作者： Shehu Mukkafa Jackson Makpane Ishaku Ibrahim Abdulkarim Kwami Ahmed Buba Seli Usman Adamu Abubakar Abdulwahab mohammed bello Usman Abubakar Musa Usman Bappa Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University Dutse Dutse Nigeria Department of Geology School of Physical Science Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria Geology Department Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Departmentof Civil Engineering Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola Nigeria Departmentof Chemistry Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria

The aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of fluoride in the groundwater of Kaltungo area and environs. Consumption of high fluoride waters clearly manifests in the majority inhabitant of the area in form of dental fluorosis especially in the majority of the populace. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells and boreholes using standard method and were analyzed to determine the fluoride level. The results revealed that the Fluoride in the waters ranges from 0.8 to 1.94 mg/l with a mean value of 1.65 mg/l. No clear variations in fluoride content have been observed in both the borehole samples and those from the hand-dug wells. Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl are the two major water types obtained in the area, which have a good association with fluoride. Negative correlation is observed between fluoride and temperature, fluoride and magnesium, fluoride and potassium and poor correlation is observed between fluoride and chloride, fluoride and nitrate, fluoride and phosphates which rules out the possibility of anthropogenic source of the fluoride in the waters. Positive correlation between fluoride and iron, indicates that the presence of fluoride in the water is as a result of dissolution of biotite within the host rock (Basalt).

关键词： Anthropogenic Correlation Fluoride Kaltungo

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Antihyperglycaemic activity of ethylacetate extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium in type 2 diabetes:The involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γand dipeptidyl peptidase-4

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第1期19卷 78-84页

作者： Abdulhakim Abubakar Abdullahi Balarabe Nazifi Idris mohammed Maje Yusuf Tanko Joseph Akpojo Anuka Ezzeldin Mukthar Abdurahman Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria PMB-1044Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsBayero UniversityKano PMB-3011Nigeria Department of Human PhysiologyAhmadu Bello UniversityZaria PMB-1044Nigeria Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug DevelopmentAhmadu Bello UniversityZaria PMB-1044Nigeria

Objective:This research is to investigate the antihyperglycaemic activity and the underlying mechanisms of action of the ethylacetate extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium(EACA)tubers in a type 2 diabetes ***:The tubers were processed and sequentially extracted in hexane followed by ethylacetate,using a Soxhlet apparatus,and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC–MS).The acute toxicity of EACA was investigated in albino Wistar *** antihyperglycaemic study was carried out using high-fat diet(pelletized diet and margarine in the ratio of 10:1 and 20%fructose solution)and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic Wistar *** effects of the extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)on blood glucose level,insulin,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c(PPAR-c)and dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***:The oral median lethal dose in Wistar rats was estimated to be>5000 mg/*** with EACA at all doses significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels,compared to the hyperglycaemic control,and over *** of EACA increased the serum insulin and PPAR-c levels while decreasing DPP-4 ***–MS analysis revealed the presence of 13 compounds,with isothiazole and isoxazolidine covering total area of 24.6%and 22.69%,***:The findings from this study showed that EACA has important compounds with beneficial effect in type 2 diabetes and acts by increasing insulin secretion and PPAR-c level and decreasing DPP-4 activity.

关键词： Chlorophytum alismifolium Diabetes mellitus Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Insulin Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4

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Occurrence of <i>Escherichia coli</i>O157 in Retailed-Beef and Related Meat Products in Zaria, Nigeria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 481-487页

作者： Salome Y. Tafida Jacob K. P. Kwaga mohammed bello Junaidu Kabir Veronica J. Umoh Sabo E. Yakubu Andrew J. Nok Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Livestock and Pest Control Services Federal Ministry of Agriculture Gombe Nigeria Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

This study evaluated retailed-beef and related meat products for E. coli O157 in Zaria, Nigeria. Sample types included raw meat, “suya” (roasted meat), “balangu” (barbequed meat), “kilishi” (spiced sun dried meat) and “dambu” (shredded fried meat). A total of 182 samples were analyzed for E. coli O157. Isolates were characterized using conventional biochemical methods and Microbact 12E test kit. Susceptibilities of the isolates to 18 commonly used antimicrobial agents were determined by the disk diffusion method. The carriage of stx1 and stx2 genes was determined by PCR. Microbact confirmed 4 E. coli isolates. All isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance to the antimicrobial agents tested. An overall prevalence of 2.2% was obtained for E. coli O157. All 4 isolates of E. coli O157 were isolated from raw meat;two of which harboured the stx1 gene.

关键词： E. coli O157 Meat Products Multiple Drug Resistance Food Safety

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A New Expression for Rhotrix

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Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory 2014年第2期4卷 128-133页

作者： Abdul mohammed Department of Mathematics Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

This paper presents a new technique for expressing rhotrices in a generalize form. The method involves using multiple array indexes as analogous to matrix expressions, unlike the earlier method in the literature, which can only be functional in a single array computational environment. The new rhotrix look will encourage the study of rhotrix algebra and analysis from a better perspective. In addition, computing efficiency and accuracy will also be improved, particularly when the operations in rhotrix space over the new expression are algorithmatized for computing machines.

关键词： Rhotrix Rhotrix Space Rhotrix Generalization Rhotrix Operations

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Weed Species Composition in Paddy Field of Usur Town,Bade Local Government,Yobe State,Nigeria

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Journal of Botanical Research 2023年第2期5卷 29-48页

作者： mohammed Alhaji bello Halima mohammed Abba Umar mohammed Department of Biological Science Education School of SciencesUmar Suleiman College of Education GashuaP.M.B.02Yobe StateNigeria Department of Botany Faculty of SciencesGombe State UniversityGombe State760211Nigeria Department of Agricultural Science Education School of Vocational EducationUmar Suleiman College of Education GashuaP.M.B.02Yobe StateNigeria

Farmers are eager to know the various types of weeds in paddy *** will help in choosing the best weed management practice for effective weed control as well as reducing rice yield *** objectives of the study are to identify the weeds species affecting the rice field,to assess the composition of weeds species,to classify the weed species into different families,genera,species,common names,Hausa names,lifecycles,life forms,native/exotic species,propagation and uses,and to determine the dominant weed *** vegetation surveys were *** observed were photographed,and prepared as herbarium *** key manuals and checklists were utilized for weed identification and later organized using the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group(APG)classification system.A total number of 72 plants species distributed within 16 families and 50 genera were *** annuals(66.67%)were the dominant weed followed by perennials(33.33%)while biennials were the *** broad leaves were the dominant weed(44.61%)identified followed by Poaceae(27.7%)and Sedges(11.11%).Results obtained from this study could be useful in choosing the best management practice and in making a decision on the choice of herbicides and directing research towards improved weed control measures.

关键词： Rice Dominant weeds Exotic species Native species Weed classification

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Saponins-rich fraction of Calotropis procera leaves elicit no antitrypanosomal activityin a rat model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第7期3卷 569-572页

作者： mohammed Auwal Ibrahim Abubakar Babando Aliyu Kayode Meduteni Isa Yunusa Departments of 1Biochemistry Zaria Nigeria Departments of Chemistry Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Kano University of Science and TechnologyWudil Nigeria

Objective:To examine thein vitroandin vivoanti-Trypanosoma evansi(***)activity ofsaponins-rich fraction ofCalotropis procera(cpsf)leaves as well as the effect of the fraction onthe parasite-induced ***:A 60-minutes time course experiment was conductedwith various concentrations of the fraction using a 96-well microtiter plate technique,andsubsequently used to treat *** rats at 100 and 200 mg/kg *** of anemia was analyzed in all animals during the ***:The cpsfdid not demonstrate anin vitroantitrypanosomal ***,the cpsf treatments did notsignificantly(P>0.05)keep the parasites lower than the infected untreated *** the end ofthe experiment,*** rats developed anemia whose severity was not significantly(P>0.05)ameliorated by the cpsf ***:It was concluded that saponins derivedfromCalotropis proceraleaves could not elicitin vitroandin vivoactivities ***.

关键词： Anemia Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera saponins Trypanosoma evansi

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