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Hepatic inflammation:an important target for biomarker development in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第3期12卷 447-449页

作者： Hiba Khan mohammad shadab siddiqui Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease globally and liver biopsy remains central to diagnosis and risk stratification(1,2).There is currently an immense unmet need to develop non-invasive biomarkers to help establish the diagnosis,disease activity,and disease severity in NAFLD in clinical practice to reduce the need for liver biopsies(3).Unable to identify patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),the clinically aggressive variant of NAFLD,or significant fibrosis readily in clinical practice presents challenges in management of patients with NAFLD and is one of the reasons why incidence of NASH related cirrhosis is rapidly ***,as there is currently no approved therapy for treatment of NASH,there are several novel therapeutics in clinical trials for treatment of ***,enrollment in these clinical trials has been challenging due to high screen failure rates with the most common reason being disqualifying liver *** non-invasive risk stratification to identify patients with suspect NASH undergoing liver biopsy for clinical trial consideration to reduce the screen failure rates will not only facilitate development of therapeutics but also ***,non-invasive and cheap biomarkers that can be readily deployed in wide clinical settings are urgently needed in clinical and research setting to mitigate the projected increase in NASH related cirrhosis.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) biomarker inflammation magnetic resonance imaging

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A Class Effect Network Meta-analysis of Lipid Modulation in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis for Dyslipidemia

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第6期10卷 1042-1049页

作者： Jieling Xiao Cheng-Han Ng Yip-Han Chin Darren Jun Hao Tan Wen-Hui Lim Grace Lim Jingxuan Quek Ansel Shao Pin Tang Kai-En Chan Rou-Yi Soong Nicholas Chew Benjamin Tay Daniel Q.Huang Nobuharu Tamaki Roger Foo Mark Y.Chan Mazen Noureddin mohammad shadab siddiqui Arun J.Sanyaland Mark D.Muthiah Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nan-yang Technological UniversitySingapore Department of Cardiology National University Heart CenterNational University HospitalSingapore Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore National University Center for Organ Transplantation National University Health SystemSingapore NAFLD Research Center Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Musashino Red Cross HospitalTokyoJapan Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program Division of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineComprehen-sive Transplant CenterCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Background and Aims:Pharmaceutical therapy for NASH is associated with lipid modulation,but the consensus on drug treatment is limited and lacks comparative analysis of effectiveness.A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare NASH drug classes in lipid ***:Online databases were searched for randomized controlled trails(RCTs)evaluating NASH treatments in biopsy-proven NASH *** were classified into four groups:(1)inflammation,(2)energy,(3)bile acids,and(4)fibro-sis based on the mechanism of action.A Bayesian network analysis was conducted with outcome measured by mean difference(MD)with credible intervals(Crl)and surface un-der the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Results:Forty-four RCTs were included in the *** acid modulat-ing treatments(MD:0.05,Crl:0.03-0.07)were the best treatment for improvement in high-density lipid(HDL)cho-lesterol,followed by treatments modulating energy(MD:0.03,Crl:0.02-0.04)and fibrosis(MD:0.01,Crl:−0.12 to 0.14)compared with *** top three treatments for reduction in triglycerides were treatments modulating energy(MD:−0.46,Crl:−0.49 to−0.43),bile acids(MD:−0.22,Crl:−0.35 to−0.09),and inflammation(MD:−0.08,Crl:−0.13 to−0.03)compared with *** found treatment modulating fibrosis(MD:−1.27,Crl:−1.76 to−0.79)was the best treatment for reduction in low-density lipid(LDL)cholesterol followed by treatment modulating in-flammation(MD:−1.03,Crl:−1.09 to−0.97)and energy(MD:−0.37,Crl:−0.39 to−0.34)compared with placebo,but LDL cholesterol was worsened by treatments modulat-ing bile ***:Network analysis comparing the class effects of dyslipidemia modulation in NASH found that treatment targets can include optimization of athero-genic *** studies are required to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes.

关键词： Lipid modulation NASH Dyslipidemia

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Foregut bypass *** bariatric procedures for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a meta-analysis of 3,355 individuals

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第5期12卷 658-670,I0001-I0003页

作者： Wen Hui Lim Snow Yunni Lin Cheng Han Ng Darren Jun Hao Tan Jieling Xiao Jie Ning Yong Phoebe Wen Lin Tay Nicholas Syn Yip Han Chin Kai En Chan Chin Meng Khoo Nicholas Chew Roger S.Y.Foo Asim Shabbir Eunice X.Tan Daniel Q.Huang Mazen Noureddin Arun J.Sanyal mohammad shadab siddiqui Mark D.Muthiah Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Division of Endocrinology Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore Department of Cardiology National University Heart CentreNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore Division of General Surgery(Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery) Department of SurgeryNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore National University Centre for Organ Transplantation National University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program Division of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineComprehensive Transplant CenterCedars-Sinai Medical CentreLos AngelesCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Background:Bariatric surgery represents an important treatment option for severely obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,there remains inadequate data regarding the effects of different bariatric procedures on various NAFLD parameters,especially for histological ***,this meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of restrictive bariatric procedures and foregut bypass on the metabolic,biochemical,and histological parameters for patients with ***:Medline and Embase were searched for articles relating to bariatric procedures and *** meta-analysis was conducted to compare efficacy of bariatric procedures ***-procedure with subgroup analysis to further compare restrictive against foregut bypass ***:Thirty-one articles involving 3,355 patients who underwent restrictive bariatric procedures(n=1,460)and foregut bypass(n=1,895)were *** foregut bypass(P<0.01)and restrictive procedures(P=0.03)significantly increased odds of fibrosis *** to restrictive procedures,foregut bypass resulted in a borderline non-significant decrease in fibrosis score(P=0.06)and significantly lower steatosis score(P<0.001).For metabolic parameters,foregut bypass significantly lowered body mass index(P=0.003)and low-density lipoprotein(P=0.008)compared to restrictive *** significant differences were observed between both procedures for aspartate aminotransferase(P=0.17)and alkaline phosphatase(P=0.61).However,foregut bypass resulted in significantly lower gamma-glutamyl transferase than restrictive procedures(P=0.01)while restrictive procedures resulted in significantly lower alanine transaminase than foregut bypass(P=0.02).Conclusions:The significant histological and metabolic advantages and comparable improvements in biochemical outcomes support the choice of foregut bypass over restrictive bariatric procedures in NAFLD management.

关键词： Bariatric surgery non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) obesity fibrosis endoscopy

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Lithium-Doped CuO Nanosheets:Structural Transformation,Optical,and Electrical Characteristics with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Solar Cell Performance

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2021年第4期4卷 646-657页

作者： Hafsa siddiqui mohammad Shums Qureshi Fozia Z.Haque Optical Nanomaterial Lab Department of PhysicsMaulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal 462003India Department of Physics Sha-Shib College of Science and ManagementBhopal 462036India

Energy and environmental stuff are two of the main worries for humanity,and nanoscience plays a key role in providing the *** nanoresearch activities have attracted lot of attention in the current ***,designing the material with enhanced optoelectronic properties remains the foremost *** the present work,the Li doped CuO nanosheets are synthesized by the chemical route and examined in photovoltaics and environmental remediation *** crystallographic and optical study reveals that crystallite size and bandgap decrease with an increase in lithium-doping concentration up to 5 mole%and beyond that a reverse trend is ***,impedance study has shown the significant contribution of lithium-ions to the total capacitance and ***,the photoactivity of Cu_(1-x)Li_(x)O nanosheets(optimum concentration of Cu_(1-x)Li_(x)O NSs(x=0.05))is projected to the degradation of methylene blue(MB)and used to fabricate bulk heterojunction solar cell together with P3HT and PCBM blend,*** ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3 HT:PC_(70)BM:Cu_(1-x)Li_(x)O(x=0.05)/Li F/Al solar cell realized higher power-conversion efficiencyη~3.91 than their corresponding pristine deviceη~2.98 with enhanced photocurrent density from 9.026 to 11.56 m A cm^(-2).The proliferation in photocatalysts and solar cells efficiency of Cu_(1-x)Li_(x)O(x=0.05)is mainly attributed to the higher light absorption and lesser electron-hole *** approach for the synthesis of Cu_(1-x)Li_(x)O NSs as potential donor material and device prototypes fabricated is completely safe and cost-effective.

关键词： current density efficiency nanostructures photocatalysts solar cells

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Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1234-1248页

作者： Muhammad Samiuddin Jing-long Li Muhammad Taimoor mohammad Nouman siddiqui Sumair Uddin siddiqui Jiang-tao Xiong State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072PR China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072PR China Metallurgical Engineering Department NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75850Pakistan Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates(15×300×180 mm^(3))of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing *** formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy,which is sensitive to the welding heat *** the experiment,the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding ***,micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the *** inspection was performed to assess the joint’s quality and welding *** results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base *** was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat *** results also clinched that the use of medium heat input(1-2 kJ/mm)offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects,in which only about 18.26% of strength was *** yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indica ted no influence of heat *** melted zone(PMZ)width also affected by heat input,which became widened with the increase of heat *** grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion *** impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen(welded at high speed)was greater than that of high heat input(welded at low speed)because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact ***(-196℃)impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat ***,Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact spe

关键词： Tungsten inert gas welding(TIG) Heat input Welding defects Tensile strength Charpy impact strength Micro-vicker hardness SEM

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