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Modified Scherrer Equation to Estimate More Accurately Nano-Crystallite Size Using XRD

World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering 2012年第3期2卷 154-160页

作者： Ahmad Monshi mohammad reza foroughi mohammad reza Monshi Department of Materials Engineering Najafabad branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran

Scherrer Equation, L=Kλ/β.cosθ, was developed in 1918, to calculate the nano crystallite size (L) by XRD radiation of wavelength λ (nm) from measuring full width at half maximum of peaks (β) in radian located at any 2θ in the pattern. Shape factor of K can be 0.62 - 2.08 and is usually taken as about 0.89. But, if all of the peaks of a pattern are going to give a similar value of L, then β.cosθ must be identical. This means that for a typical 5nm crystallite size and λ Cukα1 = 0.15405 nm the peak at 2θ = 170° must be more than ten times wide with respect to the peak at 2θ = 10°, which is never observed. The purpose of modified Scherrer equation given in this paper is to provide a new approach to the kind of using Scherrer equation, so that a least squares technique can be applied to minimize the sources of errors. Modified Scherrer equation plots lnβ against ln(1/cosθ) and obtains the intercept of a least squares line regression, ln=Kλ/L, from which a single value of L is obtained through all of the available peaks. This novel technique is used for a natural Hydroxyapatite (HA) of bovine bone fired at 600°C, 700°C, 900°C and 1100°C from which nano crystallite sizes of 22.8, 35.5, 37.3 and 38.1 nm were respectively obtained and 900°C was selected for biomaterials purposes. These results show that modified Scherrer equation method is promising in nano materials applications and can distinguish between 37.3 and 38.1 nm by using the data from all of the available peaks.

关键词： X-Ray Diffraction Nano-Crystal Scherrer Equation Hydroxyapatite

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Assessment of physical properties of nano-crystal hydroxyapatite scaffold coated with poly-hydroxybutyrate for bone tissue engineering

Assessment of physical properties of nano-crystal hydroxyapa...

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2011 World Congress on Engineering and Technology(CET 2011)

作者： mohammad reza foroughi reza Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi Saeed Karbasi mohammad reza Monshi Islamic Azad University Najafabad branchDepartment of Materials engineering Isfahan Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Group School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical Science Isfahan

In this paper,firstly,hydroxyapatite （HAp） powder has been made out of bovine bone by thermal analysis at temperature of 900°C and then HAp porous of 40,50 and 60%wt produced by polyurethane sponge replication *** order to lift scaffolds` mechanical properties,they have been coated with poly-hydroxybutyrate （P3HB）.In terms of phased studies,morphology and specifying agent groups,it has been used of characterization devices as XRD,SEM and FT-IR,*** Data obtained from XRD and FT-IR,the best temperature to produce HAp powder was temperature of 900°C which is voided of *** of the study presented a scaffold with 90% of porous level in size numbers of 100 and 400μ*** the porosity and morphology of scaffold have indicated,the most excellent scaffold was of 50%wt of HAp which can be utilized in bone tissue engineering.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Poly-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) Scaffold Nano-crystal Bone Tissue Engineering Physical properties

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The journey of multifunctional bone scaffolds fabricated from traditional toward modern techniques

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2020年第4期3卷 281-306页

作者： Ashkan Bigham Firoozeh foroughi Erfan Rezvani Ghomi mohammad Rafienia Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany Seeram Ramakrishna Department of Biomaterials Tissue Engineering and NanotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in Medicine(ATiM)Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117576Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering Center for Nanofibers and NanotechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore Biosensor Research Center Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringHakim Sabzevari University*** SabzevarIran

As a bone scaffold,meeting all basic requirements besides dealing with other bone-related issues-bone cancer and accelerated regeneration-is not expected from traditional scaffolds,but a newer class of scaffolds called *** a clinical point of view,being a multifunctional scaffold means reducing in healing time,direct costs-medicine,surgery,and hospitalization-and indirect costs-loss of mobility,losing job,and *** main aim of the present review is following the multifunctional bone scaffolds trend to deal with both bone regeneration and cancer *** consideration is given to different fabrication techniques which have been applied to yield these materials spanning from traditional to modern ***,the hierarchical structure of bone plus bone cancers and available medicines to them are introduced to familiarize the potential reader of review with the pluri-disciplinary essence of the ***,a brief discussion relating to the future trend of these materials is provided.

关键词： Multifunctional scaffolds Bone cancer Fabrication techniques Bone tissue regeneration

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Integrated Biostratigraphy, Depositional Setting and Geochemical Analyses for Petroleum Potential Evaluation of the Lower Cretaceous(Barremian – Albian) Strata of the Koppeh-Dagh Basin, Northeastern Iran

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第6期93卷 1885-1899页

作者： Sharifi mohammad foroughi FARIBA Ghasemi-Nejad EBRAHIM Shekarifard ALI Yazdi-Moghadam MOHSEN Sarfi MEHDI Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of TehranTehranIran School of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran Exploration Directorate of the National Iranian Oil Company TehranIran School of Earth Sciences Damghan UniversityDamghanIran

The lower Cretaceous rock units of the Koppeh-Dagh Basin of northeastern Iran were investigated here in terms of biostratigraphy,depositional setting and geochemical analyses to find out if they,alike other parts of the world,are rich in *** this purpose,a stratigraphic framework is established using calcareous nannofossil and palynological elements.A nannoplankton zonation based on which subzones of the zones CC7–CC8 of Sissingh(1977)and their equivalent NC6–NC8 of Roth(1978)was established indicating a Late Barremian–Albian *** assemblages led us to establish the local palynozone of Odontochitina operculata.A dominantly marginal basin to a transitional zone between shelf and basin under a dysoxic–anoxic condition with low to moderate sedimentation rates coincided with a gradual sea level rise was introduced as the environment of deposition for the strata via interpretation of the palynological parameters and quantitative *** obtained data from Rock-Eval pyrolysis in compilation with palynofacies analysis reveals that the studied succession contains mainly gas-prone type III *** Spore Coloration Index(SCI)alongside with the Rock-Eval pyrolysis results(low values of HI and TOC)proves that these rock units locally produced natural gas during the time under consideration.

关键词： Koppeh-Dagh Lower Cretaceous Biostratigraphy Palaeoenvironment Rock-Eval pyrolysis

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Experimental investigation into L-Arg and L-Cys eco-friendly surfactants in enhanced oil recovery by considering IFT reduction and wettability alteration

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Petroleum Science 2020年第1期17卷 105-117页

作者： Hamed foroughi Asl Ghasem Zargar Abbas Khaksar Manshad mohammad Ali Takassi Jagar A.Ali Alireza Keshavarz Department of Petroleum Engineering Abadan Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringPetroleum University of Technology(PUT)AbadanIran Department of Petroleum Engineering Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringPetroleum University of Technology(PUT)AhwazIran Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of EngineeringSoran UniversitySoranKurdistan RegionIraq Department of Petroleum Engineering College of EngineeringKnowledge UniversityErbilKurdistan RegionIraq School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia

Surfactant flooding is an important technique used to improve oil recovery from mature oil reservoirs due to minimizing the interfacial tension(IFT)between oil and water and/or altering the rock wettability toward water-wet using various surfactant agents including cationic,anionic,non-ionic,and amphoteric *** this study,two amino-acid based surfactants,named lauroyl arginine(L-Arg)and lauroyl cysteine(L-Cys),were synthesized and used to reduce the IFT of oil–water systems and alter the wettability of carbonate rocks,thus improving oil recovery from oil-wet carbonate *** synthesized surfactants were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses,and the critical micelle concentration(CMC)of surfactant solutions was determined using conductivity,pH,and turbidity *** results showed that the CMCs of L-Arg and L-Cys solutions were 2000 and 4500 ppm,*** was found that using L-Arg and L-Cys solutions at their CMCs,the IFT and contact angle were reduced from 34.5 to 18.0 and15.4 mN/m,and from 144°to 78°and 75°,***,the L-Arg and L-Cys solutions enabled approximately 11.9%and 8.9%additional recovery of OOIP(original oil in place).It was identified that both amino-acid surfactants can be used to improve oil recovery due to their desirable effects on the EOR mechanisms at their CMC ranges.

关键词： Chemical EOR Amino-acid surfactant IFT Wettability Coreflooding

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On the stabil让y of Wiirster fluid bed of pharmaceutical pellets

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Particuology 2019年第4期17卷 81-90页

作者： mohammad foroughi-Dahr Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh Navid Mostoufi Multiphase Systems Research Lab School of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran P.O. Box 11365/4563 Tehran Iran

The flow of pharmaceutical pellets in a Wiirster fluid bed (WFB) was characterized by a frequency domain analysis of pressure fluctuations. Pellets with a diameter of 0.780 mm and density of 1.225 kg/m^3 were used in the experiments. Different flow structures were identified in the bed, including bulk movement of pellets in the annulus (f<5Hz), bulk movement of pellets inside the draft tube and bulk horizontal movement of pellets through the entrainment zone (5

关键词： Pharmaceutical pellets Wiirster fluid bed Draft tube Minimum spouting velocity

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