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作者： Issa moh’d Khamis 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

本文主要分析了导致坦桑尼亚于2000年退出东南非共同市场的主要原因。坦桑尼亚于1994年加入致力于区域经济一体化的东南非共同市场,希望通过成员国之间的贸易关系获得更多的利益。本文解释了东南非共同市场为什么未能达到坦桑尼亚的需... 详细信息

本文主要分析了导致坦桑尼亚于2000年退出东南非共同市场的主要原因。坦桑尼亚于1994年加入致力于区域经济一体化的东南非共同市场,希望通过成员国之间的贸易关系获得更多的利益。本文解释了东南非共同市场为什么未能达到坦桑尼亚的需求并导致其退出。坦桑尼亚改善贸易关系促进出口以及发展国内工业和中小企业的期望似乎落空了。坦桑尼亚和其他成员国之间的经济差距日益增加,20世纪90年代的坦桑尼亚是世界上最贫穷的国家之一。为了恢复经济,坦桑尼亚进行了各种努力,其中一个做法就是退出东南非共同市场这个区域经济一体化组织。为了分析坦桑尼亚这一令人意外的行为背后的原因,本文将试图回答以下问题:为什么坦桑尼亚会从东南非共同市场退出?研究结果表明,零关税协议是坦桑尼亚退出东南非共同市场的主要影响因素。百分之百削减关税是对坦桑尼亚的威胁,因为据2000年的贸易政策审查显示,坦桑尼亚严重依赖贸易关税和增值税的收入。因此,如果坦桑尼亚继续留在东南非共同市场,实施零关税可能会更多地影响其税收收入。根据东非贸易综合报告,新关税制度的实施将使政府每年投入8000万美元,同时,来自其他成员国的进口货物使维持本国市场的竞争力变得困难,进而影响国内产业的发展。因此,零关税协议的实施对坦桑尼亚的发展来说是一个障碍,这也是为什么坦桑尼亚在肯尼亚内罗毕举行的东南非共同市场首脑会议上宣布其退出决定的原因。坦桑尼亚联合共和国前总统本杰明·姆卡帕表示,坦桑尼亚的大部分国家收入来源是对外国货物征收关税,特别是来自刚果民主共和国、赞比亚、马拉维、布隆迪和卢旺达等周边内陆国家的外国货物。这些产品通常通过海关边境代理人缴纳关税,这也形成了坦桑尼亚必要的收入来源。据他所说,如果坦桑尼亚同意消除所有关税壁垒,将关税降至零,这将有损于坦桑尼亚的税收收入,进而影响经济的稳定性。本文由五章组成,第一章介绍了坦桑尼亚成为东南非共同市场成员的过程,进行该项研究的意义,本文的研究方法及文献综述。第二章梳理了坦桑尼亚退出东南非共同市场的阶段和程序。本章表明,坦桑尼亚经历了三个阶段。第一阶段是1999年5月20日至22日在肯尼亚内罗毕举行的东南非共同市场部长理事会会议,该会议以2000年10月31日东南非共同市场自由贸易区倒计时为主题,讨论了减免关税的相关议程。第二阶段是在部长会议之后一天举行的东南非共同市场首脑会议。在这次会议期间,坦桑尼亚已经表示打算在2000年之前退出东南非共同市场。第三阶段是坦桑尼亚退出东南非共同市场的议案得到了议会批准。第三章分析了影响坦桑尼亚退出东南非共同市场的经济因素。除了关税收入减少这个因素,坦桑尼亚退出的原因还包括对外贸易下降。加入东南非共同市场后,坦桑尼亚经历了贸易逆差,这也可能影响国内生产者。换句话说,坦桑尼亚的进口超出了出口。20世纪70年代,坦桑尼亚的进口和出口趋势稳定,与进口相比,其出口数额更多。但是,在20世纪80年代建立特惠贸易区和东南非共同市场后,情况开始发生变化:出口趋势下降到最低水平,导致了贸易逆差。从经济上来讲,当一个国家的进口数额超过出口时,会导致外汇储备短缺和经济稳定受到威胁。坦桑尼亚的贸易和经济形势非常严峻,这也使其为加强自身贸易模式而作出了退出区域经济集团的决定。第四章论述了坦桑尼亚从东南非共同市场获益不大是导致其退出的另一原因。与坦桑尼亚所属的其他区域经济一体化组织相比,例如东非共同体和南部非洲发展共同体,其在东南非共同市场成员国所属框架之内的出口水平并不理想。出口下降也影响了包括坦桑尼亚在内的成员国的农产品价值,1995-2000年坦桑尼亚的出口额在500万美元以下。另一项因素是会员的多重性在技术和经济上影响了坦桑尼亚的表现和承诺。坦桑尼亚不仅是东南非共同市场的成员,而且也是像东非共同体和南部非洲发展共同体等其他经济一体化的成员。多重会员资格是坦桑尼亚的主要障碍,这导致其在一体化组织中成为消极的成员。在经济上,坦桑尼亚不能为所属的一体化组织提供适当的财政捐助,而这些一体化组织的生存和发展依赖于成员国的财政捐助。各成员国一直在为道路建筑、铁路、水利设施和电力等各个开发项目提供财政预算,同时也为区域组织的行政管理提供运营成本。这对坦桑尼亚来说是一个负担,它无法按照要求提供这些捐款。唯一可以避免这种不便情况的方法是保持双重会员资格,这样就可以积极参与多项发展活动。同时,由于双重关税同盟的实行,多重会员资格也是一个障碍。世界贸易组织(wto)的规则和条例不允许成员国拥有双重的关税同盟协议,研究表明,东南非共同市场和东非共同体的成员都受坦桑尼亚所属的关税同盟协定的约束。如果坦桑尼亚继续留在东南非共同市场中,这将因为存在双重关税同盟而违反世界贸易组织(WTO)的规则。笔者在第五章基于在该研究中得出的结果,总结并给出了一些个人看法,同时还介绍了坦桑尼亚为加强与

关键词：东南非共同市场坦桑尼亚区域一体化关税国家收入

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A New Method Which Combines Arithmetic Coding with RLE for Lossless Image Compression

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2012年第1期5卷 41-44页

作者： med Karim Abdmouleh Atef Masmoudi med Salim Bouhlel 不详

This paper presents a new method of lossless image compression. An image is characterized by homogeneous parts. The bit planes, which are of high weight are characterized by sequences of 0 and 1 are successive encoded with RLE, whereas the other bit planes are encoded by the arithmetic coding (AC) (static or adaptive model). By combining an AC (adaptive or static) with the RLE, a high degree of adaptation and compression efficiency is achieved. The proposed method is compared to both static and adaptive model. Experimental results, based on a set of 12 gray-level images, demonstrate that the proposed scheme gives mean compression ratio that are higher those compared to the conventional arithmetic encoders.

关键词： Adaptive Arithmetic Coding Static Arithmetic Coding Arithmetic Coding Lossless Compression Image Run Length Encoding

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BIM Facility Management on Utility tunnel

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办公自动化 2014年第S1期19卷 174-177页

作者： Szu-Min Kang Yayu Tseng and Richard moh moh and Associates Inc.

With the rise of BIM,Building Information Modeling,technology it subverts process and method of traditional civil engineering *** brings different meanings and improve efficacy to each stage of building life *** can get different kinds of benefits from BIM technology in plan,design,construction,and operation *** tunnel,designed according to the variety of pipes and cables,is built under traffic roads,which reduces the traffic impact during maintenance and *** of utility tunnel increases urban sustainable *** BIM technology,thousands of drawings are turned into one ***,with real-time update,model will reflect the latest *** application extends into operation stage,model connected with site sensors becomes a completed database for *** facility management(FM),the new integrated method,can monitor and control utility tunnel to ensure steadily supply of water,electricity or ***,it assists authorities to guard city safety.

关键词： utility tunnel BIM BIM facility management

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Applied whispering gallery modes on ZnO nanorods coated glass for humidity sensing application

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Optoelectronics Letters 2021年第5期17卷 298-301页

作者： mohd Hafiz Jali Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim Md Ashadi Md Johari Maslinda Mat Sharif Siti Halma Johari Siddharth Thokchom Habibah moh.med moh Yasin Sulaiman Wadi Harun Department of electrical Engineering University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Faculty of electrical Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaMelaka76100Malaysia Faculty of electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaMelaka76100Malaysia Faculty of electrical and electronic Engineering Technology Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaMelaka76100Malaysia School of Technology Assam Don Bosco UniversityGuwahatiAssam781017India Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaKuala Lumpur54100Malaysia Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia

In this letter,a humidity sensor is demonstrated by applying a whispering gallery mode(WGM)from a microsphere resonator onto the ZnO nanorods coated glass *** diameter of the microsphere was 234μm and the glass surface was coated with ZnO nanorods using the hydrothermal method at growth duration of 12 h.A significant response to humidity level ranging from 35%RH to 85%RH has been observed with the sensitivity of 0.0142 nm/%*** proposed humidity sensor has successfully employed to enhance interaction between the whispering gallery mode evanescent and surrounds analyte with the assistance of ZnO nanorods coated glass.

关键词： WGM ZnO Applied whispering gallery modes on ZnO nanorods coated glass for humidity sensing application

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Foliose lichens along the trails of Casaroro Falls and Pulangbato Falls in Valencia,Negros Oriental,Philippines

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Studies in Fungi 2019年第1期4卷 43-49页

作者： Paguirigan JAG Bernal KD Dayto CGA Ramos med Vigo GDS dela Cruz TEE Department of Biological Sciences College of ScienceUniversity of Santo TomasEspaña 1015 ManilaPhilippines

Lichens are abundant and highly diverse in tropical areas such as the Philippines due to its climate and geographical ***,several regions of the country remained underexplored or unexplored and many species remained undiscovered in the country’s many unique *** study determines the occurrence of foliose lichens in Casaroro Falls and Pulangbato Falls in Valencia,Negros Oriental,*** lichen morphologies were characterized using available taxonomic *** the 26 lichen samples collected from the two falls,23 specimens were identified based on their morphological and biochemical *** these,8 species were specific to Casaroro Falls and 13 species to Pulangbato Falls,with only 2 species of lichens found on both ***,17 species are new records for the Philippines.

关键词： foliose lichen identification Negros Oriental new records Philippines tropics

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CD4 cell activation with the CD8 marker and metallothionein expression in the gills of cadmium-exposed mosquito fish(Gambusia affinis Baird and Girard 1853)juveniles

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 280-287页

作者： moh Awaludin Adam Agoes Soegianto Carolyn Melissa Payus Ach Khumaidi Ramli Ramli Ernawati Ernawati Irawati Mei Widiastuti Era Insivitawati Yenny Risjani Faculty of Science and Technology University of IbrahimySitubondoIndonesia Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry National Research and Innovation AgencyLombokNTBIndonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversitas AirlanggaSurabayaIndonesia Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluSabahMalaysia Aquatic Product Technology Department Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of YudhartaPasuruanEast JavaIndonesia Aquaculture Department Faculty of Animal Husbandry and FisheriesUniversity of TadulakoPaluCentral SulawesiIndonesia Politeknik Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan SidoarjoJawa TimurIndonesia Department of Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine SciencesBrawijaya UniversityMalangIndonesia

This experiment aimed to determine how Cd exposure impacts CD4 cell activation,macrophage cells,pinocytosis activity,metallothionine expression,and Cd levels in juvenile Gambusia affinis *** treatment groups were used,with one control and treatments A,B,C,and D at dosages of 0.03 mg/L,0.023 mg/L,0.015 mg/L,and 0.008 mg/L,*** results showed that the number of CD4 with CD8 cell markers differed significantly from each treatment compared to the control(0.33%).The value in A,namely 0.54%,was the highest,followed by B,C,and D of 0.46%,0.44%,and 0.42%,*** number of macrophages increased as the Cd level of the medium increased,as did the activity of ***,the immunofluorescence test on the gills with the Anti-MT Mouse and goat IgG fluoresce in Rhodamine on the gills showed that luminescence increased with increasing Cd levels in the ***,the MT intensity increased at Cd-exposed gills as compared to the *** the Cd level in the gills increased,the MT levels ascended significantly.

关键词： Cadmium CD4 cell Fish health Immunity Metallothionein Water pollution

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Hardware Performance Evaluation of SHA-3 Candidate Algorithms

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Journal of Information Security 2012年第2期3卷 69-76页

作者： Yaser Jararweh Lo’ai Tawalbeh Hala Tawalbeh Abidalrahman moh’d Computer Science Department Jordan University of Science and Technology(CHiS) Irbid Jordan Director of Cryptographic Hardware and Information Security Lab (CHiS) Computer Engineering DepartmentJordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Engineering Mathematics & Internetworking Dalhousie University Halifax Canada

Secure Hashing Algorithms (SHA) showed a significant importance in today’s information security applications. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), held a competition of three rounds to replace SHA1 and SHA2 with the new SHA-3, to ensure long term robustness of hash functions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive hardware evaluation for the final round SHA-3 candidates. The main goal of providing the hardware evaluation is to: find the best algorithm among them that will satisfy the new hashing algorithm standards defined by the NIST. This is based on a comparison made between each of the finalists in terms of security level, throughput, clock frequancey, area, power consumption, and the cost. We expect that the achived results of the comparisons will contribute in choosing the next hashing algorithm (SHA-3) that will support the security requirements of applications in todays ubiquitous and pervasive information infrastructure.

关键词： Information Security Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) Hardware Performance FPGA

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Scaphoid fracture associated with distal radius fracture in children： a case report

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2009年第3期12卷 187-188页

作者： Hamdi med Faouzi Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Hos- pital of Fattouma Bourguiba University Monastir 5000 Tunisia

The forearm distal bone fracture is the most common fracture in children. Scaphoid fracture is rare because the scaphoid is largely cartilaginous in children. Some cases associating both distal radius and scaphoid fractures were reported in the literature. Scaphoid fracture often occurs without displacement and can be easily overlooked. We reported a case of children wrist injury combining scaphoid fracture with ipsilateral distal fracture.

关键词：桡骨远端骨折舟骨骨折儿童病例报告前臂远端骨折骨软骨

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Dual Burden of Malnutrition among Primary School Children in Myanmar

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 115-123页

作者： moh moh Hlaing Mya Ohnamr Sandar Tun Thidar Khine Wah Wah Win Su Su Hlaing Hla Phyo Linn Khin Hnin Wint Phyu Nyein Nyein Win Nutrition Research Division Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and Sports Yangon Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Background: The distribution of childhood nutritional diseases is shifting from a predominance of under nutrition to a dual burden of under-and over nutrition in low and middle income countries. Rapid economic development and urbanization lead to an increase in overweight and obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. The co-existence of under-and over nutrition is double burden and this is a public health challenge for community. Objective: To find out the nutritional status of primary school children. Method: The study was school based descriptive study and conducted during November 2014 to February 2015 in basic primary schools, basic middle schools and basic high schools in urban and rural area of Yangon, Mandalay, Taungyi and Mawlamyaing. A total of (2937) Grade IV and Grade V students were measured for weight, height and 592 students were measured for haemoglobin by standard equipment and standard procedure. Results: The overall prevalences

关键词： Dual Burden Malnutrition Primary School Children

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Detection of Replicate hepatitix C virus sequence in hepatocellular carcinoma ,

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吉林大学学报(医学版) 1995年第5期21卷 502-504页

作者： Niu Junqi,J Mnnjardino,Xu ChangZhang Qingquan(Dept. of Inf. Dis,The First Clinical College ,N.B.Univ med Sci,China Dept.of med,St Mary's Hosp.med Schcool,Univ of London,U. K. ) 白求恩医科大学第一临床学院吉林长春英国伦敦大学英国

ＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＲｅｐｌｉｃａｔｅｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＣｖｉｒｕｓｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｉｎｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａＮｉｕＪｕｎｑｉ，ＪＭｎｎｊａｒｄｉｎｏ，ＸｕＣｈａｎｇＺｈａｎｇＱｉｎｇｑｕａ... 详细信息

ＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＲｅｐｌｉｃａｔｅｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＣｖｉｒｕｓｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｉｎｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａＮｉｕＪｕｎｑｉ，ＪＭｎｎｊａｒｄｉｎｏ，ＸｕＣｈａｎｇＺｈａｎｇＱｉｎｇｑｕａｎ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＩｎｆ．Ｄｉｓ，...

关键词： HCV hepatocellular carcinoma PCR sequencing

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