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Index-based assessment of agricultural drought in a semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia, China

Journal of Arid Land 2014年第1期6卷 3-15页

作者： Rui LI Atsushi TSUNEKAWA mitsuru tsubo United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Koyama-Minami 4-101Tottori University Arid Land Research Center Tottori University

Agricultural drought is a type of natural disaster that seriously impacts food *** the relationships among short-term rainfall,soil moisture,and crop growth are complex,accurate identification of a drought situation is *** this study,using a conceptual model based on the relationship between water deficit and crop yield reduction,we evaluated the drought process in a typical rainfed agricultural region,Hailar county in Inner Mongolia autonomous region,*** quantify drought,we used the precipitation-based Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI),the soil moisture-based Crop Moisture Index(CMI),as well as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between dekad-scale drought indices during the growing season(May–September)and final yield,according to data collection from 2000 to *** results show that crop yield has positive relationships with CMI from mid-June to mid-July and with the NDVI anomaly throughout July,but no correlation with *** analysis of the relationship between the two drought indices shows that the NDVI anomaly responds to CMI with a lag of 1 dekad,particularly in *** examine the feasibility of employing these indices for monitoring the drought process at a dekad time scale,a detailed drought assessment was carried out for selected drought *** results confirm that the soil moisture-based vegetation indices in the late vegetative to early reproductive growth stages can be used to detect agricultural drought in the study ***,the framework of the conceptual model developed for drought monitoring can be employed to support drought mitigation in the rainfed agricultural region of Northern China.

关键词： drought assessment drought index dekad time scale rainfed agriculture

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Dynamics and hotspots of soil erosion and management scenarios of the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第1期27卷 84-99页

作者： Derege Tsegaye MESHESHA Atsushi TSUNEKAWA mitsuru tsubo Nigussie HAREGEWEYN Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University

Most of the lowland in the central rift valley of Ethiopia is arid or semiarid and in degradation,with frequent occurrence of *** erosion by water during the rainy season is a serious problem in the region,leading to declining agricultural production,decreased food security,and a sedimentation risk for water ***,there has been no systematic study of this problem or of possible management *** meet this need,we analyzed soil erosion rates from 1973 to 2006, identified erosion hotspots,and proposed possible soil conservation *** assessed the soil loss dynamicity using the universal soil-loss equation and geographical information system software, considering the land use change at the following three periods:1973,1985 and *** characterized the watershed in terms of the erosion severity,topography,and land use to identify hotspots and proposed,modeled,and evaluated various watershed management scenarios to mitigate the *** erosion increased markedly from 1973 to 2006,with annual rates of 31,38,and 56 t ha"1 in 1973,1985,and 2006,respectively,as a result of vegetation degradation and particularly the conversion of thousands of hectares of forest or woodland into *** observed soil erosion rates are far from the tolerable rate of soil loss of the country and hence require urgent soil conservation interventions,especially in the hotspot *** proposed eight scenarios for reducing soil losses and evaluated their *** degraded land（using exclosures and planted vegetation） and installing stone erosion-control structures（stone bund） in cropland reduced the total soil loss by 12.6%and 63.8%,*** hotspot areas with annual soil loss of more than 20 t ha;by integrated management（erosion-control structures and exclosures） was the most effective approach,reducing soil loss by 87.8%.

关键词： Environmental rehabilitation Ethiopia Land degradation Soil conservation Soil erosion USLE model

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Changes in ecosystem service values strongly influenced by human activities in contrasting agro-ecological environments

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 691-708页

作者： Mulatu Liyew Berihun Atsushi Tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn mitsuru tsubo Ayele Almaw Fenta Faculty of Civil and Water Resources Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia. Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori 680-0001Japan. International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori 680-0001Japan.

Background:Evaluating the impacts of land-use/land-cover(LULC)changes on ecosystem service values(ESVs)is essential for sustainable use and management of *** this study,we evaluated the impact of human activity driven LULC changes on ESVs over the period 1982–2016/17 in contrasting agro-ecological environments:Guder(highland),Aba Gerima(midland),and Debatie(lowland)watersheds of the Upper Blue Nile basin,***:During the study period,the continuous expansion of cultivated land at the expense of natural vegetation(bushland,forest,and grazing land)severely reduced the total ESV by about US$58 thousand(35%)in Aba Gerima and US$31 thousand(29%)in Debatie *** contrast,the unprecedented expansion of plantations,mainly through the planting of Acacia decurrens,led,from 2006,to a ESV rebound by about US$71 thousand(54%)in Guder watershed,after it had decreased by about US$61 thousand(32%)between 1982 and *** reduction in natural forest area was the major contributor to the loss of total ESV in the study watersheds,ranging from US$31 thousand(63%)in Debatie to US$96.9 thousand(70%)in Guder between 1982 and 2016/*** an areaspecific basis,LULC changes reduced the average ESV from US$560 ha^(−1) year^(−1)(1982)in Guder to US$306 ha^(−1) year^(−1)(2017)in Debatie *** ESVs such as provisioning(mainly as food production)and regulating services(mainly as erosion control and climate regulation)accounted for most of the total ESVs estimated for the study ***:In most cases,the total and specific ESVs of the watersheds were negatively associated with the population growth,which in turn was positively associated with the expansion of cultivated land over the study *** Guder,however,ESVs were positively associated with population growth,especially after *** is mainly due to the expansion of Acacia decurrens *** results suggest,therefore,that future policy measures and directions should focus o

关键词： Drought prone Agro-ecologies Land use/land cover Acacia decurrens Plantations Ecosystem services Farming practices Upper Blue Nile basin

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Effect of stones on the sand saltation threshold during natural sand and dust storms in a stony desert in Tsogt-Ovoo in the Gobi Desert,Mongolia

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第7期13卷 653-673页

作者： Batjargal BUYANTOGTOKH Yasunori KUROSAKI Atsushi TSUNEKAWA mitsuru tsubo Batdelger GANTSETSEG Amarsaikhan DAVAADORJ Masahide ISHIZUKA Tsuyoshi T SEKIYAMA Taichu Y TANAKA Takashi MAKI Arid Land Research Center Tottori UniversityTottori 680-0001Japan Information and Research Institute of Meteorology Hydrology and EnvironmentUlaanbaatar 15160Mongolia Faculty of Engineering and Design Kagawa UniversityTakamatsu 761-0396Japan Meteorological Research Institute Japan Meteorological AgencyTsukuba 305-0052Japan

Non-erodible elements such as stones and vegetation are key to controlling wind erosion and dust emission in *** deserts are widely distributed in the Gobi Desert,but the effect of stones on wind erosion and dust emission have not been well studied,except under artificial *** this study,we evaluated the effect of stones on wind erosion and dust emission by measuring the sand saltation threshold in a stony desert in Tsogt-Ovoo in the Gobi Desert,Mongolia,under natural surface conditions during sand and dust *** quantified the amount of stones by measuring the roughness density,and determined the threshold friction velocity for sand saltation by measuring wind speed and sand saltation *** results showed that the threshold friction velocity increased with the roughness density of *** the northern part of the study area,where neither a surface crust nor vegetation was observed,the roughness density of stones was 0.000 in a topographic depression(TD),0.050 on a northern slope(***),and 0.160 on the northern mountain(***).The mean threshold friction velocity values were 0.23,0.41,and 0.57 m/s at the TD,***,and *** sites,*** the southern part of the study area,the roughness density values of stones were 0.000 and 0.070-0.320 at the TD and southern slope sites,respectively,and the mean threshold friction velocities were 0.23 and 0.45-0.71 m/s,*** further compared the observed threshold friction velocities with simulated threshold friction velocities using Raupach's theoretical roughness correction and the measured roughness density values,and found that Raupach's roughness correction worked very well in the simulation of threshold friction velocity in the stony *** means that the results of our stone measurement can be applied to a numerical dust model.

关键词： arid region threshold friction velocity roughness density shear stress sand saltation threshold roughness correction Gobi Desert

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Efficiency of soil and water conservation practices in different agro-ecological environments in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第2期10卷 249-263页

作者： Dagnenet SULTAN Atsushi TSUNEKAWA Nigussie HAREGEWEYN Enyew ADGO mitsuru tsubo Derege T MESHESHA Tsugiyuki MASUNAGA Dagnachew AKLOG Ayele A FENTA Kindiye EBABU The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University School of Civil and Water Resource Engineering Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Arid Land Research Center Tottori University International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University Department of Natural Resources Management Bahir Dar University Institute for Soil Climate and Water Agricultural Research Council Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane University Center for International Affairs Tottori University

In developing countries such as Ethiopia, research to develop and promote soil and water conservation practices rarely addressed regional diversity. Using a water-balance approach in this study, we used runoff plots from three sites, each representing a different agro-ecological environment, e.g., high, mid and low in both elevation and rainfall, in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia to examine the runoff response and runoff conservation efficiency of a range of different soil and water conservation measures and their impacts on soil moisture. The plots at each site represented common land use types（cultivated vs. non-agricultural land use types） and slopes（gentle and steep）. Seasonal runoff from control plots in the highlands ranged 214–560 versus 253–475 mm at midlands and 119–200 mm at lowlands. The three soil and water conservation techniques applied in cultivated land increased runoff conservation efficiency by 32% to 51%, depending on the site. At the moist subtropical site in a highland region, soil and water conservation increased soil moisture enough to potentially cause waterlogging, which was absent at the lowrainfall sites. Soil bunds combined with Vetiveria zizanioides grass in cultivated land and short trenches in grassland conserved the most runoff（51% and 55%, respectively）. Runoff responses showed high spatial variation within and between land use types, causing high variation in soil and water conservation efficiency. Our results highlight the need to understand the role of the agro-ecological environment in the success of soil and water conservation measures to control runoff and hydrological dynamics. This understanding will support policy development to promote the adoption of suitable techniques that can be tested at other locations with similar soil, climatic, and topographic conditions.

关键词： agro-ecology drought-prone runoff coefficient runoff conservation efficiency Ethiopia

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Effect of Polyacrylamide integrated with other soil amendments on runoff and soil loss:Case study from northwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 487-496页

作者： Birhanu Kebede Atsushi Tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn mitsuru tsubo Temesgen Mulualem Amrakh I.Mamedov Derege Tsegaye Meshesha Enyew Adgo Ayele Almaw Fenta Kindiye Ebabu Tsugiyuki Masunaga Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan International Platform for Dry Land Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 1289Bahir DarEthiopia Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane UniversityShimane Matsue690-0823Japan

Anionic polyacrylamide(PAM)has the potential to reduce soil erosion through soil ***,a comprehensive study about its effectiveness especially when applied combined with other amendments have rarely been conducted in the tropical highland climatic conditions,such as in *** study assessed the effectiveness of PAM(P=40 kg ha^(-1))alone or integrated with other soil amendments such as gypsum(G=5 t ha^(-1)),lime(L=4 t ha^(-1))and biochar(B=8 t ha^(-1))on runoff and soil loss at Aba Gerima watershed in the Upper Blue Nile basin,northwest of Ethiopia,where there is high erosion-caused soil degradation.A total of 79 daily runoff and sediment data were collected from eight runoff plots(1.3m×4m)with three replications planted with teff(Eragrostis tef)crop for two years(2018&2019)rainy *** changes in soil physicochemical properties and crop growth parameters were *** reduced seasonal runoff by 12–39%and soil loss by 13–53%.The highest reduction in runoff was observed from P+B and PAM treatments while the highest reduction in soil loss was observed from that of P+L and PAM *** PAM with other amendments improved soil structural stability,moisture content,soil pH(P+L)and organic matter(P+B),leading to favorable environment for crop growth(biomass yield)and reduced runoff and soil *** PAM,biochar and lime amendments may need more time after application to be more *** continuing the field experiment and studying physico-chemical mechanisms for extended period will better elucidate their single or combined effectiveness over time.

关键词： Dryland Soil amendments Polyacrylamide Soil erosion Soil properties

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Tillage and crop management impacts on soil loss and crop yields in northwestern Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 75-85页

作者： Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie Atsushi Tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn Enyew Adgo mitsuru tsubo Kindiye Ebabu Tsugiyuki Masunaga Birhanu Kebede Derege Tsegaye Meshesha Wataru Tsuji Muluken Bayable Mulatu Liyew Berihun The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University4-101 Koyama-MinamiTottori680-8553Japan Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute P.O.Box527Bahir DarEthiopia Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 1289Bahir DarEthiopia Faculty of Life and Environmental Science Shimane UniversityShimaneJapan Faculty of Civil and Water Resource Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box252Bahir DarEthiopia Faculty of Agriculture Tottori UniversityTottoriJapan

Lack of appropriate agronomic practices is one of the major causes for soil erosion and low yields in teff(Eragrostis tef[Zucc.])production in Ethiopia.A 3-yr study was conducted at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia,to investigate the effects of two tillage practices(reduced tillage[RT]and conventional tillage[CT]),two planting methods(row planting[RP]and broadcast planting[BP]),and two compaction options(with[+T]and without[-T]trampling)on soil loss and teff yields in a split-split plot *** concentration ranged from 0.01 to 5.37 g L^(-1)(mean,0.25 g L^(-1))in our ***,the estimated total(August-October)soil loss ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 t ha^(-1)(mean,0.3 t ha^(-1)).The sediment concentration and total soil loss were significantly influenced(P<0.05)by tillage,planting methods,and trampling only in the third monitoring *** reduced soil loss by 19% relative to that of CT,whereas RP resulted in a 13%reduction in soil loss over ***-T plots showed a 15%reduction in soil loss as compared to+T *** revealed significant increase in soil total carbon and nitrogen in RT *** soil loss and greater teff grain yield were obtained in plots with improved agronomic practices(RT and RP)compared to conventional ones(CT and BP).Based on our findings we conclude that the use of RT,RP,and-T practices can effectively minimize soil loss without any crop yield penalty.

关键词： Drought-resistance Grain yield Reduced tillage Row planting Soil erosion Teff

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Considerations on Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Dryland Areas

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 2010年第4期17卷 20-24页

作者： LI Li TSUNEKAWA Atsushi tsubo mitsuru KOIKE Atsushi Arid Land Research Center Tottori University 1390 Hamasaka Tottori 680-0001 Japan Faculty of Engineering Tottori University

Drylands of the world cover 41%of the Earth＇s land surface and are a direct source of livelihood for 6.5 billion people, especially in developing countries. However, nearly all drylands are at risk of land degradation as a result of human activities. Poverty and desertification in dryland areas are major problems threatening sustainable agriculture and rural development in dryland areas. Several topics that are significant for sustainable agriculture and rural development for food security and environmental rehabilitation in dryland areas were stressed in this paper.

关键词： dryland area sustainable agriculture and rural development integrated land management sustainable livelihood

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Global analysis of cover management and support practice factors that control soil erosion and conservation

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 161-176页

作者： Kindiye Ebabu Atsushi Tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn mitsuru tsubo Enyew Adgo Ayele Almaw Fenta Derege Tsegaye Meshesha Mulatu Liyew Berihun Dagnenet Sultan Matthias Vanmaercke Panos Panagos Pasquale Borrelli Eddy J.Langendoen Jean Poesen Arid Land Research Center Tottori University1390 HamasakaTottori680-0001Japan College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 1289Bahir DarEthiopia International Platform for Dryland Research and Education Tottori UniversityTottori680-0001Japan Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia Faculty of Civil and Water Resource Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 26Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KULeuven3001HeverleeBelgium University of Liege Department of Geography(U.R.SPHERES)Clos Mercator 34000LiègeBelgium European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)Ispra(VR)21027Italy Environmental Geosciences University of BaselBasel4056Switzerland National Sedimentation Laboratory Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureUSA Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management Maria-Curie Sklodowska UniversityKrasnicka 2D20-718LublinPoland

Cover management and support practices largely control the magnitude and variability of soil *** soil erosion models account for their importance(particularly by C-and P-factors in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation),obtaining spatially explicit quantitative field data on these factors remains ***,also our insight into the effects of soil conservation measures at larger spatial scales remains *** analyzed the variation in C-and P-factors caused by human activities and climatic variables by reviewing 255 published articles reporting measured or calculated C-and P-factor *** found a wide variation in both factor values across climatic zones,land use or cover types,and support *** average C-factor values decreased from arid(0.26)to humid(0.15)climates,whereas the average P-factor values increased(from 0.33 to 0.47,respectively).Thus,support practices reduce soil loss more effectively in drylands and drought-prone *** global average C-factor varies by one order of magnitude from cropland(0.34)to forest(0.03).Among the major crops,the average C-factor was highest for maize(0.42)followed by potato(0.40),among the major orchard crops,it was highest for olive(0.31),followed by vineyards(0.26).The P-factor ranged from 0.62 for contouring in cropland plots to 0.19 for trenches in uncultivated *** C-factor results indicate that cultivated lands requiring intensive site preparation and weeding are most vulnerable to soil loss by sheet and rill *** low P-factor for trenches,reduced tillage cultivation,and terraces suggests that significantly decreased soil loss is possible by implementing more efficient management *** results improve our understanding of the variation in C-and P-factors and support large-scale integrated catchment management interventions by applying soil erosion models where it is difficult to empirically determine the impact of particular land use or cover types and support

关键词： Climate regimes Drought-prone Erosion modeling Land use Soil conservation

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Toward a sustainable grassland ecosystem worldwide

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The Innovation 2022年第4期3卷 15-16页

作者： Jian Sun Yi Wang Shilong Piao Miao Liu Guodong Han Junran Li Eryuan Liang Tien Ming Lee Guohua Liu Andreas Wilkes Shiliang Liu Wenwu Zhao Huakun Zhou Mesenbet Yibeltal Mulatu Liyew Berihun Dawn Browning Ayele Almaw Fenta Atsushi Tsunekawa Joel Brown Walter Willms mitsuru tsubo State Key Laboratory of Earth System Resources and Environment of Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life Sciences and School of Ecology State Key Lab of Biological ControlSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education College of GrasslandResources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010011China Department of Geosciences The University of TulsaTulsaOK 74137USA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Values for Development Ltd Bury St.Edmunds IP333EQUK School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions in Qinghai Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Faculty of Civil and Water Resource Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia Arid Land Research Center Tottori UniversityTottori 6800001Japan USDA–ARS Jornada Experimental Range Las CrucesNM 88003USA USDA NRCS Jornada Experimental RangeNew Mexico State UniversityMSC 3JERPO Box 30003Las CrucesNMUSA Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre54031st Avenue SouthLethbridgeABCanada

Globally,grasslands,covering about 40%of the Earth’s land area,are vital for supporting important ecosystem functions,services,and livelihoods of millions of ***,grassland degradation is a major threat to the maintenance of ecological services,1 food security,and sustainable development,and directly hinders the global efforts with meeting goals and targets such as the The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Remote sensing approaches have the advantages of spanning large geographical areas withmultiple spatial,spectral,and temporal *** global scale,remote sensing methods used normalized difference vegetation index to determine net primary productivity(NPP),which still is the effectivemethod to indicate grassland *** master the general situation of grassland,we analyzed the global spatial-temporal variation of NPP from 2001 to 2019 at the pixel level across the *** presented in Figure 1A,the NPP values of global grasslands showed an obvious variation trend,which indicated a considerable distribution pattern of spatial *** decreasing and increasing trend in grassland NPP covered approximately 25.3%and 74.5%of the total grassland area,respectively.

关键词： grassland Figure hinder

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