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Epidemiological and Virological Surveillance of Seasonal Influenza Viruses—China,2020–2021

China CDC weekly 2021年第44期3卷 918-922页

作者： Weijuan Huang Xiyan Li Minju Tan Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Hejiang Wei Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Jia Liu Ning Xiao Lei Yang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina

Introduction:During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the circulation of seasonal influenza virus declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels.We analyzed the results of the epidemiology,antigenic,and genetic characteristics,and antiviral susceptibilities of seasonal influenza viruses isolated from the mainland of China during October 5,2020 through September 5,2021,to better assess the risk of influenza during subsequent influenza season in 2021–2022.Methods:Positive rates of influenza virus detection during this period were based on real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)detection by the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network laboratories,and isolated viruses from influenza positive samples were submitted to the Chinese National Influenza Center.Antigenic analyses for influenza viruses were conducted using the hemagglutination inhibition assay.Next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses.Viruses were tested for resistance to antiviral medications using a phenotypic assay and next-generation sequencing.Results:In southern China,the influenza positivity rate was elevated especially after March 2021 and was higher than the same period the previous year with the COVID-19 pandemic.In northern China,influenza positive rate peaked at Week 18 in 2021 and has declined since then.Nearly all isolated viruses were B/Victoria lineage viruses during the study period,and 37.3%of these viruses are antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing the vaccine components for the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 Northern Hemisphere influenza season.All seasonal influenza viruses were susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and endonuclease inhibitors.Conclusions:Influenza activity has gradually increased in the mainland of China in 2021,although the intensity of activity is still lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic.The diversity of circulating influenza types/subtypes decreased,with the vast majority being B/Victoria lineage viruses.The surveillance data from this study sug

关键词： mainland season prevention

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Characterization of Influenza Viruses-China, 2019−2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第44期2卷 856-861页

作者： Weijuan Huang Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Xiyan Li Minju Tan Hejiang Wei Xiaoxu Zeng Yiran Xie Jia Liu Ning Xiao Lei Yang Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina

Introduction:Influenza surveillance is necessary for detection of emerging variants of influenza viruses and determining their epidemiological and clinical significance.Vaccination and antiviral drugs remain the most useful ways to protect against seasonal influenza and its potentially severe consequences.This study describes the epidemiology,antigenic and genetic characteristics,and antiviral susceptibilities of influenza viruses isolated from the mainland of China during the April 1,2019 through October 4,2020.Methods:All viruses analyzed were isolated and submitted by Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network laboratories.The Chinese National Influenza Center performed antigenic analysis,sequencing,and antiviral resistance testing after propagation of the viruses.Antigenic characterizations were determined by hemagglutinin inhibition assay;next-generation sequencing was used for genetic analyses;phenotypic assay and next-generation sequencing were used for determining antiviral resistance.Results:The influenza positivity rate declined significantly starting in late January 2020 and has remained low.There was no summer influenza peak season in south China.Influenza A(H3N2)and B/Victoria lineage viruses were the dominant subtype/lineage during April 1,2019 through October 4,2020.The majority of influenza viruses were antigenically and genetically similar to reference viruses representing components of vaccines for the 2020–2021 northern hemisphere influenza season.Nearly all seasonal influenza viruses were susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:Since the outbreak of COVID-19,the influenza positivity rate declined with implementation of strong COVID-19 control measures.The majority of circulating viruses are well matched with the current 2020–2021 northern hemisphere influenza vaccine viruses.Circulating seasonal influenza viruses were sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors and Baloxavir marboxil.This study provided evidence for World Health Organizat

关键词： epidemiology prevention mainland

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Different Starting Dominant Strain of Seasonal Influenza in China and Other Neighboring Asian Countries in 2019−2020 Winter Season

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China CDC weekly 2020年第4期2卷 57-60页

作者： Jing Yang Weijuan Huang Yanhui Cheng Tao Chen Minju Tan Qian Guo Hejiang Wei Fei Zhu Tomoko Kuwahara Xiyan Li Xiang Zhao Hideki Hasegawa George F.Gao Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingChina Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance Influenza Virus Research CenterNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesWHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on InfluenzaTokyoJapan Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina.

Introduction:Seasonal influenza is a prevalent and highly contagious acute respiratory disease that causes a major global disease burden.New strains of influenza viruses also have the potential to cause an influenza pandemic.Due to the high variability and the consequent uncertainty about virus strains,the prevention and control of influenza are faced with many challenges.Surveillance is considered a key strategy to lead to the prevention and control of influenza,and influenza is one of first infectious diseases to be monitored globally.Methods:The Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network conducts routine influenza surveillance and includes 410 network laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals based on the requirements of National Influenza Surveillance Guidelines.China and other countries submit epidemiological and virological data to the WHO FluMart database,which can be viewed online.Results:Seasonal influenza H3N2 virus was the dominant subtype in China when entering the 2019–2020 winter influenza season,while neighboring countries such as Japan and Republic of Korea reported the dominance of H1N1pdm09 and Mongolia and Russia reported a higher proportion of type B virus than type A virus.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:Asian countries entered the 2019–2020 winter influenza season with different type/subtypes of influenza virus dominant in different areas.Influenza surveillance needs to be strengthened to closely monitor changes in the antigenicity and genetic characteristics of emerging viruses.

关键词： prevention strengthened submit

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Mutations associated with egg adaptation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in laboratory based surveillance in China, 2009–2016

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Biosafety and Health 2019年第1期1卷 41-45页

作者： Lei Yang Yanhui Cheng Xiang Zhao Hejiang Wei Minju Tan Xiyan Li Wenfei Zhu Weijuan Huang Wenbing Chen Jia Liu Zi Li Yuelong Shu Dayan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDCKey Laboratory for Medical VirologyNational Health CommissionBeijingPeople's Republic of China School of Public Health(Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdongPeople's Republic of China

Mutations of influenza virus associated with adaptation occurring during passage in embryonated chicken eggs could result in antigenic change or reduced vaccine effectiveness.In this study,we investigated the mutations of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 egg isolates from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network between 2009 and 2016.Thirteen mutations were identified in the hemagglutinin(HA)protein from viruses passaged in eggs,in comparing to those in cells.After scanning public database,four mutations,D127E,L191I,D222G/N and Q223R in HA1,which may alter the receptor-binding specificity,were observed frequently.Although the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has evolved in human for nearly ten years,most egg-cultured viruses acquired one or more further mutations.Using the egg isolates for influenza surveillance requires extra caution because of these selected mutations,and their impacts on antigenicity and receptor-binding property need further evaluation.Currently,most of the influenza vaccines are produced using egg isolates,particularly in China.Thus,there is an urge to promote the establishment of an alternative influenza vaccine production platform.

关键词： Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus Surveillance Egg-adapted mutation

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Antigenic variation of the human influenza A(H3N2) virus during the 2014–2015 winter season

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第9期58卷 882-888页

作者： HUA Sha LI XiYan LIU Mi CHENG YanHui PENG YouSong HUANG WeiJuan tan minju WEI HeJiang GUO JunFeng WANG DaYan WU AiPing SHU YueLong JIANG TaiJiao Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China Center for Disease Control and Prevention College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan University Center for Systems Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine

The human influenza A(H3N2) virus dominated the 2014–2015 winter season in many countries and caused massive morbidity and mortality because of its antigenic variation. So far, very little is known about the antigenic patterns of the recent H3N2 virus. By systematically mapping the antigenic relationships of H3N2 strains isolat ed since 2010, we discov ered that two groups with obvious antigenic divergence, named SW13(A/Switzerland/9715293/2013-like strains) and HK14(A/Hong Kong/5738/2014-like strains), co-circulated during the 2014–2015 winter season. HK14 group co-circulated with SW13 in Europe and the United States during this season, while there were few strains of HK14 in China's Mainland, where SW13 has dominated since 2012. Furthermore, we found that substitutions near the receptor-binding site on hemagglutinin played an important role in the antigenic variation of both the groups. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the recent antigenic evolution of H3N2 virus and will aid in the selection of vaccine strains.

关键词：甲型流感病毒抗原变异冬季人类受体结合位点病毒抗原有限循环中国大陆

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化学发光酶免疫法检测血栓早期分子标志物性能评价

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现代科学仪器 2021年第6期38卷 40-43页

作者：谭洪辉刘付明军龙则平高州市人民医院检验科广东高州525200

目的:分析化学发光酶免疫法检测凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、纤溶酶-α2纤溶酶抑制物复合物(PIC)、组织纤溶酶原激活物/纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1复合物(t-PAIC)4项血栓早期分子标志物的临床应用性能。方法:主要依据... 详细信息

目的:分析化学发光酶免疫法检测凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、纤溶酶-α2纤溶酶抑制物复合物(PIC)、组织纤溶酶原激活物/纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1复合物(t-PAIC)4项血栓早期分子标志物的临床应用性能。方法:主要依据临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)相关性能评价文件,对仪器检测血栓标志物的携带污染率、精密度、正确度、线性范围和参考区间等指标进行评价分析。结果:4项分子标志物携带污染率为0.00%~0.10%,批内不精密度CV值为2.11%~4.34%,总不精密度CV值为2.50%~5.26%,正确度相对偏倚-7.75%~3.85%,均小于厂家标准和符合临床应用要求;线性范围内检测线性良好(相关系数r为0.9813~0.9981);参考区间能含概95%以上的正常人数。结论:采用化学发光酶免疫法检测4项血栓标志物主要性能指标均符合要求,可满足临床应用要求,同时验证过程和方法可供同类方法学性能评价时参考。

关键词：化学发光酶免疫法血栓早期分子标志物临床应用性能评价

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季节性流感疫苗免疫血清对欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒的交叉反应

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中华医学杂志 2021年第8期101卷 568-572页

作者：李梓刘佳黄维娟隗合江谭敏菊成艳辉李希妍杨磊赵翔王大燕中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家流感中心北京102206

目的评估季节性流感疫苗免疫血清对欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒的交叉反应。方法9株人感染欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒株来自江苏、河北、山东、云南、湖南、福建和天津等省份的国家级流感监测网络实验室,通过深度测序分析其血凝素特性。于2019... 详细信息

目的评估季节性流感疫苗免疫血清对欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒的交叉反应。方法9株人感染欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒株来自江苏、河北、山东、云南、湖南、福建和天津等省份的国家级流感监测网络实验室,通过深度测序分析其血凝素特性。于2019年10月在云南省安宁市接种2019-2020年度季节性流感疫苗的儿童(2~5岁)、成人(24~57岁)和老年人(60~84岁)中各招募30名志愿者,采集其接种疫苗前和接种1个月后血清。通过血凝抑制试验评估免疫前后血清对2015年以来分离的4株人感染欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒的交叉反应。结果9株欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒的血凝素基因同源性较一致,但与甲型流感病毒[A(H1N1)pdm09](以下简称“疫苗株”)的血凝素重链和轻链氨基酸基因的差异分别为90~101个和24~30个氨基酸。疫苗株抗血清对疫苗株的抗体滴度为2560,欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒以及欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒抗血清对疫苗株的抗体滴度均为640。接种季节性流感疫苗的儿童、成人和老年组人群针对疫苗株的抗体滴度≥40者占比分别为90.0%、70.0%和73.3%;而对4株欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒仅为46.7%、36.7%和33.3%~43.3%。结论接种季节性流感疫苗不能对欧亚类禽H1N1猪流感病毒产生有效的交叉保护作用。

关键词：流感病毒A型流感疫苗抗体交叉反应

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2018—2019流感监测年度中国大陆A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒的抗原和基因特性分析

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中华实验和临床病毒学杂志 2020年第6期34卷 610-615页

作者：谭敏菊成艳辉李希妍隗合江刘佳赵翔肖宁王大燕黄维娟中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家流感中心卫生健康委员会医学病毒和病毒病重点实验室北京102206

目的分析2018—2019流感监测年度中国大陆分离的A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒的抗原和基因特性。方法用红细胞凝集抑制试验对2018—2019流感监测年度的2 958株A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒进行抗原分析,对其中的279株A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒的血凝素(hem... 详细信息

目的分析2018—2019流感监测年度中国大陆分离的A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒的抗原和基因特性。方法用红细胞凝集抑制试验对2018—2019流感监测年度的2 958株A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒进行抗原分析,对其中的279株A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒的血凝素(hemagglutinin, HA基)因进行了序列测定和分析,并选取流行优势分支的代表株与免疫疫苗后的人血清进行抗原分析。结果检测的2 861株(97%,2 861/2 958)A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒与疫苗株A/Michigan/45/2015抗原性类似,测序毒株的HA基因均属于6B.1分支,其中269株(96%,269/279)属于6B.1A分支,与疫苗株相比具有S74R、S164T、I295V氨基酸位点的共同变异,6B.1A分支中存在多个有共同氨基酸位点变异的小分支,并且具有S183P氨基酸位点变异的毒株占测序毒株的51%。用免疫疫苗后的人血清进行抗原分析的结果显示血清能抑制绝大部分的流行代表株。结论 2018—2019流感监测年度中国大陆流行的A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒与同期的疫苗株抗原性匹配,但HA基因存在多样性的特点。

关键词： A(H1N1)pdm09流感病毒抗原性基因特性

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2014-2015监测年度中国B型流感病毒病原学特征分析

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中华微生物学和免疫学杂志 2016年第1期36卷 9-15页

作者：李希妍成艳辉谭敏菊隗合江蓝雨黄维娟肖宁王大燕舒跃龙中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家流感中心卫生和计划生育委员会医学病毒和病毒病重点实验室北京102206

目的分析2014--2015流感监测年度我国B型流感病毒的流行情况及与流感疫苗株的匹配性。方法选择本监测年度中国分离的B型流感病毒，进行抗原性分析并对全基因组进行测序，构建进化树，分析我国B型流感病毒的变异情况，并比较其与疫苗株... 详细信息

目的分析2014--2015流感监测年度我国B型流感病毒的流行情况及与流感疫苗株的匹配性。方法选择本监测年度中国分离的B型流感病毒，进行抗原性分析并对全基因组进行测序，构建进化树，分析我国B型流感病毒的变异情况，并比较其与疫苗株的匹配性。结果本年度我国B型流感病毒活动水平较低，占所有收检病毒的29．94％，而B型流感病毒中Yamagata系毒株明显多于Victoria系。抗原性分析显示，Yamagata系流感病毒绝大部分为疫苗株B／Massachusetts／2／2012的类似株（95．1％），而Victoria系病毒只有48．3％为四价流感疫苗组分B／Brisbane／60／2008的类似株，但与我国Victoria系流行代表株B／北京海淀／1386／2013抗原类似的比例为100％。基因特性分析显示有19株Yamagata系毒株为BY—HA／BV—NA系问重配毒株。分析NA基因的耐药位点发现8株Yamagata系病毒有已知的敏感性降低的氨基酸位点突变。结论2014--2015流感监测年度我国B型Yamagata系病毒与疫苗株匹配较好，但Victoria系病毒与四价疫苗株匹配性不佳，因此应及时分析我国流行病毒的抗原性和基因特性，推选出与我国流行病毒相匹配的疫苗株。

关键词： B型流感病毒抗原特性基因特性

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2014-2015监测年度中国H3N2亚型流感病毒病原学特征分析

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中华微生物学和免疫学杂志 2016年第1期36卷 3-8页

作者：黄维娟成艳辉李希妍谭敏菊隗合江赵翔王钊王大燕舒跃龙中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家流感中心卫生和计划生育委员会医学病毒和病毒病重点实验室北京102206

目的分析我国大陆地区2014-2015流感监测年度分离的H3N2亚型流感病毒抗原性和基因变异情况以及与疫苗株的匹配性，为制定流感的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法利用血凝抑制试验，对2014年4月至2015年3月中国大陆分离的2516株H3N2型流感... 详细信息

目的分析我国大陆地区2014-2015流感监测年度分离的H3N2亚型流感病毒抗原性和基因变异情况以及与疫苗株的匹配性，为制定流感的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法利用血凝抑制试验，对2014年4月至2015年3月中国大陆分离的2516株H3N2型流感毒株进行了抗原性分析；对分离自全国不同省份的70株病毒进行了序列测定和序列分析。结果2014--2015流感监测年度我国大陆地区主要流行3c．3a分支的H3N2亚型流感病毒，2014年10月份开始检测到3c．2a分支的毒株。两分支的毒株与疫苗株相比，在抗原决定簇A区和B区，受体结合部位均发生了氨基酸位点突变；抗原性分析结果显示检测毒株中有高达95．1％为疫苗株A／TX／50／12鸡胚株的低反应株。结论本监测年度我国大陆地区流行的绝大部分H3N2亚型流感病毒与WHO推荐的疫苗组分A／TX／50／12匹配性不好，应加强病毒变异监测，建立我国流感疫苗株构建平台，提高流感疫苗的有效性。

关键词：流感病毒 H3N2亚型抗原性基因特性

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