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Genetic Enhancement of Indigenous Cowpea with Gamma-Ray Induced Trait Variation

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： mathurin Tiergnin Dabiré minimassom philippe nikiéma Djibril Yonli Safiatou Sanna Wossoguim Josué Gouba Siébou Palé Hamidou Traoré Joseph T. B. Batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia Stewart Jan B. Middendorf Abhishek Rathore Anupama J. Hingane Unit de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Center for Agriculture-Led Growth Bureau for Resilience and Food Security United States Agency for International Development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA International maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a staple legume crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces challenges due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Induced mutagenesis was deployed to create genetic variation in two cowpea varieties (KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local). The radio-sensitivity tests led to determe the lethal dose 50 (LD50) corresponding to 230 Gy and 220 Gy for KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local varieties, respectively. Dried seeds (M0) of each variety were gamma-ray irradiated with LD50 − 50, LD50 and LD50 + 50. M1 seeds were advanced to generate M2, M3 and M4 mutants using the single-seed-descent method. M4 mutant lines were evaluated in rain-fed conditions using a randomized complete block design to assess phenotypic differences. Data on seven qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were collected. The results indicated that the mutation induced variability in three qualitative traits: in KVX 396-4-5-2D mutant lines, with flower and seed color frequencies at 2.61% and 0.56% respectively, and pod dehiscence at a frequency of 0.24%. While in Moussa local mutants, a pod color changed at a frequency of 17%. ANOVA results revealed significant differences between mutants of both varieties for all quantitative traits, including photosynthetic parameters. Positive correlations were observed between leaf diameter and 100-seed weight, and between branch number and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters among KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants and six clusters among Moussa local mutants. Early maturity and high foliage were induced traits in Cluster 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants while high hundred-seed weight was induced in Cluster 6 of Moussa local mutants.

关键词： Cowpea Mutagenesis Gamma Rays Radio-Sensitivity Phenotyping

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Impedance spectroscopy of the cell/nanovolcano interface enables optimization for electrophysiology

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 297-308页

作者： Nicolas maïno Arnaud Bertsch philippe Renaud Microsystems laboratory 4 Institute of Electrical and Micro EngineeringEcole Polytechique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland

Volcano-shaped microelectrodes have demonstrated superior performance in measuring attenuated intracellular action potentials from cardiomyocyte cultures. However, their application to neuronal cultures has not yet yielded reliable intracellular access. This common pitfall supports a growing consensus in the field that nanostructures need to be pitched to the cell of interest to enable intracellular access. Accordingly, we present a new methodology that enables us to resolve the cell/probe interface noninvasively through impedance spectroscopy. This method measures changes in the seal resistance of single cells in a scalable manner to predict the quality of electrophysiological recordings. In particular, the impact of chemical functionalization and variation of the probe’s geometry can be quantitatively measured. We demonstrate this approach on human embryonic kidney cells and primary rodent neurons. Through systematic optimization, the seal resistance can be increased by as much as 20-fold with chemical functionalization, while different probe geometries demonstrated a lower impact. The method presented is therefore well suited to the study of cell coupling to probes designed for electrophysiology, and it is poised to contribute to elucidate the nature and mechanism of plasma membrane disruption by micro/nanostructures.

关键词： enable interface optimization

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Numerical analysis of landslide-generated debris flow on July 3, 2021 in Izu Mountain area, Shizuoka County, Japan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1738-1747页

作者： SUN Tong SUN Dong-ya WANG Xie-kang ma Qiang GOURBESVILLE philippe NOHARA Daisuke State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038China Universite Cote d'Azur Nice 06903France Sustainable Society Laboratory KAJIma Technical Research Institute Kyoto University 6110011Japan

With the increasing of extreme rainfall frequency, landslides accompanied by mudslides often lead to serious casualties and property damage. On 3rd July 2021, a debris flow occurred in Izu Mountain area, Shizuoka County, Japan, and then resulted in 26 deaths and 131 houses destroyed, where houses were mainly built along the banks of the creek. In order to analyse the landslide state and distribution, a two-dimensional debris flow dynamic model(massflow) was selected to simulate the process of the landslide-generated debris flow. When the model results are considered together with remote sensing images, the volume distribution of the unstable landslide is also able to be determined. The results show that(1) the affected areas are mainly concentrated at the outfall of the gully and on both sides of the streets.(2) The pore pressure ratio is an important factor affecting the damage range of this debris flow.(3) The increase of the pore pressure ratio in the landslide make the movement distance of debris flow increase significantly.

关键词： Izu Mountain Landslide Debris flow Numerical simulation Pore pressure ratio

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Multi-scale persistent spatiotemporal transformer for long-term urban traffic flow prediction

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 53-69页

作者： Jia-Jun Zhong Yong ma Xin-Zheng Niu philippe Fournier-Viger Bing Wang Zu-kuan Wei School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China College of Computer Science&Software Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China School of Computer Science Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Long-term urban traffic flow prediction is an important task in the field of intelligent transportation,as it can help optimize traffic management and improve travel *** improve prediction accuracy,a crucial issue is how to model spatiotemporal dependency in urban traffic *** recent years,many studies have adopted spatiotemporal neural networks to extract key information from traffic ***,most models ignore the semantic spatial similarity between long-distance areas when mining spatial *** also ignore the impact of predicted time steps on the next unpredicted time step for making long-term ***,these models lack a comprehensive data embedding process to represent complex spatiotemporal *** paper proposes a multi-scale persistent spatiotemporal transformer(MSPSTT)model to perform accurate long-term traffic flow prediction in *** adopts an encoder-decoder structure and incorporates temporal,periodic,and spatial features to fully embed urban traffic data to address these *** model consists of a spatiotemporal encoder and a spatiotemporal decoder,which rely on temporal,geospatial,and semantic space multi-head attention modules to dynamically extract temporal,geospatial,and semantic *** spatiotemporal decoder combines the context information provided by the encoder,integrates the predicted time step information,and is iteratively updated to learn the correlation between different time steps in the broader time range to improve the model’s accuracy for long-term *** on four public transportation datasets demonstrate that MSPSTT outperforms the existing models by up to 9.5%on three common metrics.

关键词： Graph neural network Multi-head attention mechanism Spatio-temporal dependency Traffic flow prediction

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Nutritional and Sanitary Quality of Infant Flours Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 727-743页

作者： Léa Kilô Adam Bayala-Yaï philippe Augustin nikièma Hassane Sangaré Fabrice Bationo Imael Henri Nestor Bassolé Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire et de Gntique (LABIOGENE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire dEpidmiologie et Surveillance des Agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Physicochimie du Dpartement de Technologie Alimentaire (DTA) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The quality of infant flours used during the weaning age is of great importance in that it conditions the nutritional health of infants and young children. This study aimed to assess the nutritional and sanitary quality of infant flours produced in the city of Ouagadougou. This was a cross-sectional study including 11 out of 25 infant flour production units that gave their consent to partake in the study. In total, 25 infant flour samples have been collected from July to September 2021. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined according to standard methods. The ANOVA analysis of variance showed significant differences between the means of the physico-chemical and the means of the microbiological parameters respectively. The results showed that 60% of proteins and 80% of lipid and total carbohydrate contents were below the authorised limits. The energy values were below the authorised limit in 88% of the cases. All instant infant flours had microbiological loads compliant with Burkinabè standards. As for infant flour to be cooked, 63.64% and 81.82% had satisfactory numbers of total coliforms and faecal coliforms respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected in these samples with 86.36% of infant formulae having results below the recommended limit. These results show that the infant flours produced in Ouagadougou were somehow of acceptable quality. However, there is a need to improve the formulae for macronutrient contents, energy values and sanitary quality to comply with the recommendations.

关键词： Nutritional and Sanitary Quality Infant Flours Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

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Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 445-450页

作者： Silvio maltagliati philippe Sarrazin Layan Fessler mael Lebreton Boris Cheval University of Grenoble Alpes SENSGrenoble 38000France Paris School of Economics Paris 75014France Swiss Center for Affective Sciences University of GenevaGeneva 1202Switzerland Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition Department of Fundamental NeurosciencesUniversity of GenevaGeneva 1202Switzerland Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression(E3Lab) Department of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva 1202Switzerland

Over time,physical activity(PA)has shifted from being a necessity to being an *** a result,levels of PA have sharply decreased.1 Today,we are facing a worldwide pandemic of physical inactivity,with one death every 6 s attributed to insufficient PA.2 To counteract this trend,a tremendous effort is being made to promote regular PA across the lifespan,mainly through the dissemination of knowledge about the health benefits of accumulating sufficient PA.

关键词： sharply benefits attributed

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Three Gorges Dam: friend or foe of riverine greenhouse gases?

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National Science Review 2022年第6期9卷 81-89页

作者： Jinren Ni Haizhen Wang Tao ma Rong Huang philippe Ciais Zhe Li Yao Yue Jinfeng Chen Bin Li Yuchun Wang maosheng Zheng Ting Wang Alistair G.L.Borthwick Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All materials Fluxes in River Ecosystems Ministry of Ecology and Environment Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Institut Pierre Simon LaplaceCommissariat à l' énergie Atomique et aux énergies AlternativesCNRS Université de Versailles Saint-Quentinen-Yvelines Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Department of Water Environment China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research MOE Key Laboratory of Regional Energy Systems Optimization Resources and Environmental Research AcademyNorth China Electric Power University School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh

Dams are often regarded as greenhouse gas(GHG) emitters. However, our study indicated that the world’s largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam(TGD), has caused significant drops in annual average emissions of CO2, CH4and N2O over 4300 km along the Yangtze River, accompanied by remarkable reductions in the annual export of CO2(79%), CH4(50%) and N2O(9%) to the sea. Since the commencement of its operation in 2003, the TGD has altered the carbonate equilibrium in the reservoir area, enhanced methanogenesis in the upstream, and restrained methanogenesis and denitrification via modifying anoxic habitats through long-distance scouring in the downstream. These findings suggest that ‘large-dam effects’ are far beyond our previous understanding spatiotemporally, which highlights the fundamental importance of whole-system budgeting of GHGs under the profound impacts of huge dams.

关键词： Three Gorges Dam greenhouse gas spatiotemporal variation equilibrium Yangtze River whole system analysis

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Nanovolcano microelectrode arrays: toward long- term on-demand registration of transmembrane action potentials by controlled electroporation

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 578-589页

作者： Benoit X.E.Desbiolles Etienne de Coulon Nicolas maino Arnaud Bertsch Stephan Rohr philippe Renaud Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS4 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Physiology Laboratory of Cellular Optics IIUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

Volcano-shaped microelectrodes(nanovolcanoes)functionalized with nanopatterned self-assembled monolayers have recently been demonstrated to report cardiomyocyte action potentials after gaining spontaneous intracellular *** nanovolcanoes exhibit recording characteristics similar to those of state-of-the-art micro-nanoelectrode arrays that use electroporation as an insertion *** this study,we investigated whether the use of electroporation improves the performance of nanovolcano arrays in terms of action potential amplitudes,recording durations,and *** with neonatal rat cardiomyocyte monolayers grown on nanovolcano arrays demonstrated that electroporation pulses with characteristics derived from analytical models increased the efficiency of nanovolcano recordings,as they enabled multiple on-demand registration of intracellular action potentials with amplitudes as high as 62 mV and parallel recordings in up to~76%of the available *** performance of nanovolcanoes showed no dependence on the presence of functionalized nanopatterns,indicating that the tip geometry itself is instrumental for establishing a tight seal at the cell–electrode interface,which ultimately determines the quality of ***,the use of electroporation permitted the recording of attenuated cardiomyocyte action potentials during consecutive days at identical sites,indicating that nanovolcano recordings are nondestructive and permit long-term on-demand recordings from excitable cardiac *** from demonstrating that less complex manufacturing processes can be used for next-generation nanovolcano arrays,the finding that the devices are suitable for performing on-demand recordings of electrical activity from multiple sites of excitable cardiac tissues over extended periods of time opens the possibility of using the devices not only in basic research but also in the context of comprehensive drug testing.

关键词： arrays recording action

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Incidence and risk of herpes zoster in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in the USA

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 271-281页

作者： David Singer philippe Thompson-Leduc Deepshekhar Gupta Wendy Y.Cheng Sara Poston Siyu ma John E.Pawlowski Mei Sheng Duh Eric D.Morris Francesca Devine Francis A.Farraye US Health Outcomes and Epidemiology—Vaccines GSKPhiladelphiaPAUSA Health Economics and Outcomes Research Analysis GroupInc.MontrealQuebecCanada Health Economics and Outcomes Research Analysis GroupInc.Menlo ParkCAUSA Health Economics and Outcomes Research Analysis GroupInc.BostonMAUSA Tufts Medical Center BostonMAUSA Medical Affairs GSKPhiladelphiaPAUSA Health Economics and Outcomes Research Analysis GroupInc.New YorkNYUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA

Background:Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are at increased risk of herpes zoster(HZ).We evaluated the incidence of HZ in ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)patients and compared this with HZ incidence in a non-IBD ***:We conducted a retrospective cohort study(GSK study identifier:VEO-000043)of adults aged18 years with UC and CD and without IBD who were identified from claims recorded in a US healthcare database between October 2015 and February *** HZ incidence rates/1,000 person-years(PY)were calculated,and comparisons of HZ incidence rates between UC or CD and non-IBD cohorts were made using adjusted generalized linear ***:The study population comprised a total of 29,928 UC,25,959 CD,and 11,839,329 non-IBD *** overall HZ incidence rates were 13.64/1,000 PY(UC),15.94/1,000 PY(CD),and 7.95/1,000 PY(non-IBD).UC and CD patients had increased HZ incidence rates,with adjusted incidence rate ratios of 1.35(95%confidence interval[CI],1.26–1.44)and 1.66(95%CI,1.56–1.77),respectively,compared with non-IBD *** analysis indicated increased relative rates of HZ in progressively younger age strata in the UC and CD patients compared with non-IBD *** incidence rates were higher in UC and CD patients who had previously received thiopurines or methotrexate,TNF-inhibitors,or corticosteroids than in UC and CD patients who did not take those ***:UC and CD patients had increased HZ incidence rates compared with patients without IBD,demonstrating the importance of HZ prevention in IBD patients.

关键词： ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease herpes zoster

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Mg anode interface engineering in KNO_(3) electrolyte with sodium 5-sulfosalicylate as an additive for enhanced performance of Mg-air batteries

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第9期12卷 3646-3660页

作者： Guanhua Lin Yaqing Zhou Sandrine Zanna Antoine Seyeux philippe marcus Jolanta Swiatowska Chimie ParisTech-CNRS PSL UniversityInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris11 rue Pierre et Marie CurieParis 75005France International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The Mg-air batteries face limitations with pronounced hydrogen evolution and low anodic utilization efficiency from Mg anodes in conventional NaCl *** corrosion performance,surface composition,and discharge properties of commercial purity Mg anodes were thoroughly investigated in KNO_(3)electrolytes with and without sodium 5-sulfosalicylate and compared to NaCl *** addition of sodium 5-sulfosalicylate to KNO_(3)-based electrolyte results in efficient inhibition of H_(2)evolution,consequently enhancing anodic utilization efficiency to 84%and specific capacity to 1844 mah/g,compared to NaCl(24%and 534 mah/g,respectively)under discharge condition of 10 ma/cm^(2)in half ***,the chelating ability of sodium 5-sulfosalicylate can significantly improve the Mg surface dissolution kinetics and discharge product deposition rate at the Mg anode/electrolyte interface,yielding formation of a thinner discharge layer as confirmed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass *** discharge voltage is increased to 1.60 V,compared to 1.35 V in KNO_(3)at 0.5 ma/cm^(2)in full ***,higher concentration of sodium 5-sulfosalicylate can accelerate Mg anode dissolution,impeding the improvement of anodic utilization efficiency,specific capacity,and energy ***,determining optimal additive concentration and current density is crucial for enhancing the discharge properties of Mg-air batteries and mitigating excessive Mg dissolution in chloride-free electrolytes.

关键词： Mg-air batteries Chloride-free electrolytes Discharge properties Structure of surface layer

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