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Export of dissolved carbonaceous and nitrogenous substances in rivers of the “Water Tower of Asia”

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 53-61页

作者： Bin Qu mika Sillanpaa Shichang Kang Fangping Yan Zhiguo Li Hongbo Zhang Chaoliu Li Laboratory of Green Chemistry Lappeenranta University of Technology Mikkeli 50130 Finland Key Laboratory of Tibetan Enuironment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou Gansu 730000 China Shangqiu Normal University Shangqiu He'nan 476000 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Rivers are critical links in the carbon and nitrogen cycle in aquatic,terrestrial,and atmospheric *** riverine carbon and nitrogen exports in nine large rivers on the Tibetan Plateau—the＂Water Tower of Asia＂—were investigated in the monsoon season from 2013 to *** with the world average,concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon（DIC,30.7 mg/L）were high in river basins of the plateau due to extensive topographic relief and intensive water *** concentrations of dissolved organic carbon（DOC,1.16 mg/L）were likely due to the low temperature and unproductive land vegetation *** concentrations of riverine DIN（0.32 mg/L）and DON（0.35 mg/L）on the Tibetan Plateau were close to the world ***,despite its predominantly pristine environment,discharge from agricultural activities and urban areas of the plateau has raised riverine N *** addition,DOC/DON ratio（C/N,~6.5）in rivers of the Tibetan Plateau was much lower than the global average,indicating that dissolved organic carbon in the rivers of this region might be more ***,along with global warming and anthropogenic activities,increasing export of bioavailable riverine carbon and nitrogen from rivers of the Tibetan Plateau can be expected in the future,which will possibly influence the regional carbon and nitrogen cycle.

关键词： Dissolved carbon Dissolved nitrogen Rivers The Tibetan Plateau

A comparison of the pre-calling period between Japanese and southeastern Asian populations of Spodoptera litura

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 211-216页

作者： mika MURATA HIROYUKI MATSUKI RYOHEI YAMAOKA SUMIO TOJO Food Entomology Laboratory National Food Research Institute Independent Administrative Institution Tsukuba Ibaraki Venture Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture SagaUniversity Saga Japan Faculty of Textile Science Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto

The pre-calling behavior of female adults of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） collected in southern Japan and southeastern Asian countries was investigated. Most females started calling on days 1-4 after adult emergence. In three populations obtained in Saga prefecture in Kyushu mainland, Japan, two different patterns of pre-calling period （PCP） were observed： one was the above-mentioned pattern shown by most individuals, and the other was a pattern in which females sexually matured within several hours after emergence. Diel periodicity was shown in the time of calling activity, and its pattern varied among the populations. Pre-calling period was stable over successive generations in the laboratory.

关键词： geographical variation long distance migration pre-calling period Spodoptera litura

Cytokines in the BALB/c mouse testis in various conditions

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第1期3卷 9-19页

作者： E.Verjnkorva M.Martikainen P.Pllnen Department of Anatomy University of Turku FIN-20520 Turku FinlandDepartment of Anatomy University of Turku FIN-20520 Turku FinlandDepartment of Anatomy and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Turku FIN-20520 Turku Finland

Aim: To investigate whether testosterone, estrogens, vasectomy, experimental cryptorchidism, varicocele or agingwould induce changes in the cytokine environment of the mouse testis. Methods: In adult male BALB/c mice,testosterone implants, estradiol benzoate, vasectomy, unilateral cryptorchidism, unilateral varicocele were adminis-tered/performed. The mice were followed up for different periods of time and were then sacrificed with testes incisedfor examination. The control mice received the vehicle or sham-operation. Results: IL-10 was present in Leydigcells of nearly every testis and IL-10 + macrophages in 39% of testes. IL-6 was found in the testes of intact adultmice, mice treated with testosterone for 70 days, cryptorchid testes and sham-operated testes. Conclusion: Resultssuggest that IL-10 might be involved in the generation of the immunologically privileged microenvironment in the testis.(Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 9-19)

关键词： testosterone vasectomy estrogens cryptorchidism abdominal testis varicocele cyokines IL-10 macrophages clonal anergy

CD99and CD 106(VCAM-1)in human testis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2002年第4期4卷 243-248页

作者： E. Verjnkorva M. Laato P. Pllnen Department of Anatomy Turku Graduate School of Clinical SciencesDepartment of Medical Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department of SurgeryDepartment of Anatomy Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Turku

Aim: The expression of the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α and the adhesion proteins CD99 and CD106 was studied in the human testis at the protein level. Methods: The expression of the cytokines and the adhesion proteins was assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Results: None of the cytokines studied was present in the human testis, but CD99 and CD106 (VCAM-1) strongly were expressed in all the testes investigated. CD99 was present in the interstitial tissue of the human testis as well as in the Sertoli cells. The identity of the CD99+ interstitial cells is unclear. CD106 (VCAM-1) was present in Leydig cells as well as the basal parts of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules. In immunoblotting, CD99 was demonstrated at molecular ratios of 46-57 (kD). This is a novel isoform of the molecule. Conclusion: The human testis produces both CD99 and CD106 and as CD106 mediates cell binding to lymphocytes, it is possible that the human Leydig cells adhere to lymphocytes like the rodent Leydig cells. (Asian J Androl 2002 Dec; 4: 243-248)

关键词： testis prostate carcinoma hydrocele cytokines adhesion proteins CD99 CD106 IL-2 IL-6 IL-10 IFN-γ TNF-α

Causes, effects and control of seasonal frost action in railways

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2013年第4期5卷 363-367页

作者： Antti Nurmikolu mika Silvast Railway Track Structures Tampere University of TechnologyTampere Finland Professor Railway Division Roadscanners OyTampere Finland Director

Seasonally cold climate and resulting frost action set great demands to railway track substructure in order to maintain Irack geomelry. Chal- lenges culminate on high-speed lines, where the tolerances for roughness are the tightest. Problems may result in highly increased Irack maintenance and need for temporary speed reslrictions. The causes of frost action can be associated with subsoil, subballast or ballast. The major concern in frost protection is to avoid the freezing of frost susceptible subsoil by using sufficient thickness of subballast and relying on non-fi＇ost-susctible subballast material. This paper provides an overview of the main research findings on the role of ballast, subballast and subsoil in frost acedon. In new comlruclion the material specificalions, design procedures and construction methods have been developed to ensure adequate performance of Irack subscatt, but special challenges exist in managing existing Wacks that were not designed for modem requirements. In order to perform cost-effective and sustainable track maintenance, it is necessary to recognize the problem areas and define the root-causes of problems. For locating the problem sections and defining the causes of defects, a sophisticated analysis based on integration of track geometry and ground penetrating radar （GPR） data has been developed and is summarized in this paper,

关键词： frost action railway Irack ballast subballast subsoil frost susceptibility ground peneWating radar, track geometry Irackmaintenance

Effect of weld microstructure on brittle fracture initiation in the thermallyaged boiling water reactor pressure vessel head weld metal

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第5期28卷 867-876页

作者： Noora Hytönen Zai-qing Que Pentti Arffman Jari Lydman Pekka Nevasmaa Ulla Ehrnstén Pål Efsing Nuclear Reactor Materials VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.Kivimiehentie 3P.O.Box 1000FI-02044 VTTFinland Department of Solid Mechanics Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)SE-10044 StockholmSweden

Effects of the weld microstructure and inclusions on brittle fracture initiation are investigated in a thermally aged ferritic high-nickel weld of a reactor pressure vessel head from a decommissioned nuclear power ***-welded and reheated regions mainly consist of acicular and polygonal ferrite,*** examination of Charpy V-notch impact toughness specimens reveals large inclusions(0.5-2.5μm)at the brittle fracture primary initiation *** impact energies were measured for the specimens in which brittle fracture was initiated from a small inclusion or an inclusion away from the *** density,geometry,and chemical composition of the primary initiation inclusions were investigated.A brittle fracture crack initiates as a microcrack either within the multiphase oxide inclusions or from the debonded interfaces between the uncracked inclusions and weld metal *** fracture sites can be determined in all the specimens tested in the lower part of the transition curve at and below the 41-J reference impact toughness energy but not above the mentioned value because of the changes in the fracture mechanism and resulting changes in the fracture appearance.

关键词： reactor pressure vessel brittle fracture weld microstructure thermal aging

Mobile Alert and Warning in the United States and Japan:Confronting the Challenges of International Harmonization

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 928-934页

作者： Hamilton Bean Ana Maria Cruz mika Shimizu Keri K.Stephens Matthew McGlone Sharon Strover Department of Communication University of ColoradoDenver.CO 80204USA Disaster Prevention Research Institute(DPRI).Kyoto University Kyoto 611-0011Japan Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Department of Communication Studies The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA School of Journalism and Media The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

A U.S.-Japan expert workshop on mobile alert and warning was held online 8–10 September *** by the Japan Foundation’s Center for Global Partnership(CGP)and responding to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,the workshop compared *** Japanese mobile alert and warning contexts,systems,policies,and messages to investigate possibilities for international harmonization of mobile device-based early *** workshop’s sessions revealed two interrelated issues that repeatedly surfaced among workshop participants:culture and *** workshop illuminated several possibilities and problems confronting U.S.,Japanese,and global stakeholders as they develop,deploy,and seek to improve the effectiveness of mobile alert and warning systems and messages.

关键词： Alerts Disasters Warning Japan Mobile technology United States

Synthesis of novel adsorbent by intercalation of biopolymer in LDH for the removal of arsenic from synthetic and natural water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第5期32卷 246-261页

作者： Hanen Bessaies Sidra Iftekhar Bhairavi Doshi Jamel Kheriji Mohamed Chaker Ncibi Varsha Srivastava mika Sillanpaa Bechir Hamrouni Laboratory of Desalination and Water Treatement LR19ES01 Faculty of Sciences of TunisTunis El Manar University2092El Manar ITunisia Department of Separation Science Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology(LUT)Sammonfeatu 12FI-50130MikkeliFinland International Water Research Institute MohammedⅥPolytechnic UniversityCity Ben Guerir 43150Morocco Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33174USA Department of Environmental Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan

This study focuses on the synthesis of nanocomposites named CCA and CZA that were prepared by the incorporation of cellulose(CL)in the Ca/Al and Zn/Al layered double hydroxide(LDH),*** materials were then used for the uptake of As(Ⅲ)and As(V)from aqueous *** of both nanocomposites(CCA and CZA)was done using FTIR and Raman analysis to identify the functional groups,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms to determine the specific surface area and pore geometry and XPS analysis to obtain the surface atomic *** other characters were investigated using simultaneous TGA and DTA and elemental chemical analysis(CHNS/O).The crystallinity of the prepared nanocomposites was displayed by XRD ***,the sheet-like structure of the LDHs and the irregularity of surface morphology with porous structure were observed by TEM and SEM *** of maximum adsorption capacity was adjusted using different parameters including pH,contact time and adsorbent *** pseudo-second-order model was in good fitting with kinetics *** adsorption isotherm results showed that CZA exhibits better adsorption capacity for As(Ⅲ)than CCA and the Langmuir isotherm model described the data well for both *** studies illustrated the endothermic nature of CCA and exothermic nature on CZA,as well as the fact that the adsorption process is spontaneous.A real water sample collected from well located in Gabes(Tunisia),has also been *** obtained experimental results were confirmed that these sorbents are efficient for the treatment of hazardous toxic species such as.

关键词： Layered double hydroxide Adsorption Arsenic removal Kinetics Natural water treatment

Automating selective area electron diffraction phase identification using machine learning

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 896-905页

作者： M.mika N.Tomczak C.Finney J.Carter A.Aitkaliyeva Nuclear Engineering Program in Department of Materials Science University of Florida100 Rhines HallGainesville32611FLUSA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Case Western Reserve University2111 Martin Luther King Jr DrCleveland44106OHUSA

Selective area electron diffraction(SAED)patterns can provide valuable insight into the structure of a ***,the manual identification of collected patterns can be a significant bottleneck in the overall phase classification *** this work,we utilize the recent advances in computer vision and machine learning(ML)to automate the indexing of SAED *** performance of six different ML algorithms is demonstrated using metallic plutonium-zirconium *** most successful approach trained a neural network(NN)to make a classification of the phase and zone axis,and then utilized a second NN to synthesize multiple independent predictions of different tilts in a single sample to make an overall phase *** results demonstrate that automated SAED phase identification using ML is a viable route to accelerate materials characterization.

关键词： Selective area electron diffraction Machine learning Phase identification Metallic fuels Pu alloys