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Platinum-group Mineral(PGM) and Base-metal Sulphide(BMS) Inclusions in Chromitites of the Zedang Ophiolite, Southern Tibet, China and their Petrogenetic Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 900-912页

作者： GUO Guolin YANG Jingsui Paul T.robinson LIU Xiaodong XU Xiangzhen XIONG Fahui State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment East China University of Technology CARMA State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences School of earth sciences East China University of Technology

Voluminous platinum-group mineral （PGM） inclusions including erlichmanite （Os,Ru）S2, laurite （Ru,Os）S2, and irarsite （Ir, Os,Ru,Rh）AsS, as well as native osmium Os（Ir） and inclusions of base metal sulphides （BMS）, including millerite （NiS）, heazlewoodite （NiaS2）, covellite （CuS） and digenite （Cu3S2）, accompanied by native iron, have been identified in chromitites of the Zedang ophiolite, Tibet. The PGMs occur as both inclusions in magnesiochromite grains and as small interstitial granules between them; most are less than 10 ~m in size and vary in shape from euhedral to anhedral. They occur either as single or composite （biphase or polyphase） grains composed solely of PGM, or PGM associated with silicate grains. Os-, Ir-, and Ru-rich PGMs are the common species and Pt-, Pd-, and Rh-rich varieties have not been identified. Sulfur fugacity and temperature appear to be the main factors that controlled the PGE mineralogy during crystallization of the host chromitite in the upper mantle. If the activity of chalcogenides （such as S, and As） is low, PGE clusters will remain suspended in the silicate melt until they can coalesce to form alloys. Under appropriate conditions of fS2 and fO2, PGE alloys might react with the melt to form sulfides-sulfarsenides. Thus, we suggest that the Os, Ir and Ru metallic clusters and alloys in the Zedang chromitites crystallized first under high temperature and low fS2, followed by crystallization of sulphides of the laurite-erlichmanite, solid-solution series as the magma cooled and fS2 increased. The abundance of primary BMS in the chromitites suggests that fS2 reached relatively high values during the final stages of magnesiochromite crystallization. The diversity of the PGE minerals, in combination with differences in the petrological characteristics of the magnesiochromites, suggest different degrees of partial melting, perhaps at different depths in the mantle. The estimated parental magma composition suggests formation in a suprasubdu

关键词： chromite ophiolite petrogenetic PGM Zedang

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Application of the modern ophiolite concept with special reference to Precambrian ophiolites

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第3期54卷 315-341页

作者： Timothy M. KUSKY WANG Lu Yildirim DILEK Paul robinson PENG SongBai HUANG XuYa State Key Lab for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Three Gorges Research Center for Geohazards Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Department of Geology Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA Department of Earth Sciences Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada

Much has been learned in the past 40 years about the great diversity of the internal structure and geochemical compositions of Phanerozoic ophiolites, indicating that these on-land fragments of ancient oceanic lithosphere formed in distinctly different tectonic settings during their igneous evolution. Recent studies in Archean and Proterozoic greenstone belts have shown that the Precambrian rock record may also include exposures of a diverse suite of ophiolite complexes as part of craton development in the early history of the Earth. We review the salient features of the Precambrian ophiolite record to highlight what has been learned about Precambrian oceanic spreading systems since the original Penrose definition of ophiolites in 1972. Some of the diagnostic, characteristic, typical, and rare aspects of ophiolites of all ages are presented in a table in order to help determine if tectonically deformed and metamophosed sequences in Precambrian shield areas may be considered as ophiolites. The results of this comparative study are important in that they enable researchers to more realistically characterize allochthonous mafic/ultramafic rock sequences as ophiolitic or non-ophiolitic. This approach is more deterministic in contrast to some other arbitrary classification schemes requiring three or four of the Penrose-style ophiolitic units to be present in the Precambrian record for a specific rock sequence to be considered ophiolitic. Once these tectonic fragments are recognized as remnants of ancient oceanic lithosphere, great progress shall be made in understanding early Earth history. We discuss the significance and implications of the Precambrian ophiolite record to constrain the mode and nature of the plate tectonics that operated in deep time.

关键词： ophiolite Precambrian craton greenstone belt

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Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第11期15卷 1301-1314页

作者： Asmaa I Gomaa Shahid A Khan Edward LS Leen Imam Waked Simon D Taylor-robinson Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Division of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Campus South Wharf Road London W2 1NY United Kingdom National Liver Institute Menoufi ya University Shebeen ElKom 32111 Egypt Imaging Sciences Department MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Campus Du Cane Road London W12 0HS United Kingdom

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide, particularly in parts of the developing world, and is increasing in incidence. This article reviews the current modalities employed for the diagnosis of HCC, including serum markers, radiological techniques and histological evaluation, and summarises international guidelines for the diagnostic approach to HCC.

关键词： Diagnosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Imaging Serum markers

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Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Middle Proterozoic Aoyougou Ophiolite in the North Qilian Mountains,Northwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第1期75卷 41-50页

作者： ZHANG Zhaochong MAO Jingwen ZUO Guochao YANG Jianmin Paul T.robinson Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBaiwanzhuang Road 26Beijing 100037China Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBaiwanzhuang Road 26Beijing 100037China Institute of Geology Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral ResourcesLanzhou 730000China Centre For Marine Geology Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaB3H 3J5Canada

The Aoyougou ophiolite lies in an early Palaeozoic orogenic belt of the western North Qilian Mountains, near the Aoyougou valley in Gansu Province, northwestern China. It consists of serpentinite, a cumulate sequence of gabbro and diorite, pillow and massive lavas, diabase and chert. Ages of 1840±2 Ma, 1783±2 Ma and 1784±2 Ma on three zircons from diabase, indicate an early Middle Proterozoic age. The diabases and basalts show light rare-earth element enrichment and have relatively high TiO2 contents, characteristic of ocean island basalts. All of the lavas have low MgO, Cr, Ni contents and Mg numbers indicating a more evolved character. They are believed to have been derived from a more mafic parental magma by fractionation of olivine, Cr-spinel and minor plagioclase. Based on the lava geochemistry and regional geology, the Aoyougou ophiolite was probably believed to have formed at a spreading centre in a small marginal basin. Subduction of the newly formed oceanic lithosphere in the Middle Proterozoic produced a trench-arc-basin system, which is preserved in the North Qilian Mountains.

关键词： Proterozoic ophiolite geochronology geochemistry North Qilian Mountains

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Geochemistry and zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of granitoids from the west segment of the North Qaidam

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第11期52卷 1771-1790页

作者： Joseph L.WOODEN Paul T.robinson Frank K.MAZDAB Chris MATTINSON Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Stanford University Department of Earth Sciences Dalhousie University

Granitoid intrusives such as Saishitenshan, Tuanyushan, Aolaohe and Sanchagou occur widely in the western segment of North Qaidam. All these bodies trend NW, roughly parallel to the regional structure. Zircon SHRIMP dating for these granites show that they range in age from Ordovician to Permian; 465.4±3.5 Ma for Saishitenshan, 469.7±4.6 Ma and 443.5±3.6 Ma for Tuanyushan, 372.1±2.6 Ma for Aolaohe, and 271.2±1.5 Ma and 259.9±1.2 Ma for Sanchagou. Both the Tuanyshan and Aolaohe plutons record two distinct intrusive events. Geochemically, the early Paleozoic granites have an island arc or active continental margin affinity, and their protolith may have been Mesoproterozoic oceanic crust derived from depleted mantle. The protolith of the late Paleozoic granites may have been Mesoproterozoic lower crust from the root of an island arc with the magmas reflecting a mixture of mantle and crustal material.

关键词： granitoid zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating North Qaidam

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Heterosis and combining ability evaluation for growth traits of blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)when crossbreeding three strains

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第9期59卷 857-864页

作者： Wei Luo Cong Zeng Shaokui Yi Nicholas robinson Weimin Wang Zexia Gao College of Fisheries Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding Ministry of Agriculture Huazhong Agricultural University Nofima PO Box 5010 1432 s Norway Collaborative Innovation Center for Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture of Hubei Province

The blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)is a major aquaculture species in the Chinese freshwater polyculture *** this study,complete diallel crossing of three strains(i.e.,Liangzi[LZ],Poyang[PY]and Yuni[YN])was used to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis effect of intraspecific crossbreeding on the growth performance(i.e.,body weight,total length,body length,body height,and Fulton’s coefficient of condition).The offspring produced from the three strains were reared in a communal pond for 20 months,and nine microsatellites were used to assess their *** the749 offspring,708(94.53%)could be assigned directly to a single parental *** differences were observed in body weight(BW)among the different combinations,indicating that the combining ability of BW from each strain was significantly *** general combining ability(GCA)of BW from the sire was much higher than that from the *** GCA for the dam and sire of the LZ and YN were the largest and the smallest,*** special combining ability of YN$9 PY#was the largest,and YN$9 PY#showed significantly positive heterosis effects on all F1growth traits,except for Fulton’s condition coefficient(K)(P\0.05).In addition,significant positive linear correlations were found between the mean BW of corresponding progeny and the H E of the parental generation(y=600.7x-29.472,r=0.8651,P=0.0026),H O(y=1206.9x-518.14,r=0.7436,P=0.0216),and the polymorphism information content(y=1021.3x-331.31,r=0.8245,P=0.0063)as determined by a correlative *** findings obtained from the study will be important for future considerations of *** stock improvement programs.

关键词：杂种优势效应特殊配合力生长性状双列杂交团头鲂平均体重评价线性相关关系

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Is device-measured vigorous physical activity associated with health-related outcomes in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第3期10卷 296-307页

作者： Antonio Garcia-Hermoso Yasmin Ezzatvar robinson Ramirez-Velez Jordi Olloquequi Mikel Izquierdo Navarrabiomed Navarra Hospital Complex(CHN)Public University of Navarra(UPNA)IdiSNAPamplona 31008Spain University of Santiago of Chile(USACH) Sciences of Physical ActivitySports and Health SchoolSantiago 71783-5Chile Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group(EXINH-RG) Department of PhysiotherapyUniversitat de ValenciaValencia 46010Spain Institute of Biomedical Sciences Faculthy of Health SciencesUniversidad Autonoma de ChileTalca 3460000Chile

Objective:This study sought to analyze the prospective association between vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)and health-related outcomes in children and ***:Studies reporting associations between device-measured VPA and health-related factors in children and adolescents aged 318 years were identified through database searches(MEDLINE,EMBASE,and SPORTDiscus).Correlation coefficients were pooled if outcomes were reported by at least 3 studies,using DerSimonian-Laird random effects ***:Data from 23 studies including 13,674 participants were pooled using random effects *** associations were found between VPA at baseline and overall adiposity(r=0.09,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.15 to0.03;p=0.002;I^(2)=89.8%),cardiometabolic risk score(r=0.13,95%CI:0.24 to0.02,p=0.020;I^(2)=69.6%),cardiorespiratory fitness(r=0.25,95%CI:0.150.35;p<0.001;I^(2)=57.2%),and total body bone mineral density(r=0.16,95%CI:0.06 to 0.25;p=0.001;I^(2)=0%).Conclusion:VPA seems to be negatively related to adiposity and cardiometabolic risk score and positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness and total body bone mineral density among children and adolescents at ***,our findings support the need to strengthen physical activity recommendations regarding VPA due to its health benefits in children and adolescents.

关键词： Accelerometry Adiposity Fitness Physical activity

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The effect of the CHAMP intervention on fundamental motor skills and outdoor physical activity in preschoolers

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 98-105页

作者： Kara K.Palmer Katherine M.Chinn Leah E.robinson Child Movement Activity and Developmental Heanlth Laboratory University of Michigan Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan

Purpose: Physical activity(PA) and fundamental motor skills are important components of current and future trajectories of health in young children. This study examined the effects of a 5-week motor skill intervention on preschoolers' motor skill competence and their PA behaviors while participating in the motor skill intervention or outdoor free play(recess).Methods: A total of 102 preschoolers served as participants and were part of a motor skill intervention group(n = 64) or a control/outdoor free play group(n = 38). Children's motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 rd edition. PA during the motor skill intervention and outdoor free play was assessed using accelerometers both immediately before the start(baseline, Week 0 or Week 1) and end(late, Week 5 or Week 6) of the ***: All children significantly improved their motor skills from baseline to late assessment(p < 0.05). Children in the motor skill intervention demonstrated greater rates of change(p < 0.001) and scored higher on all motor skills at the late assessment compared with the control group(p < 0.001). There was no effect of group(control vs. intervention), but there was a significant effect of sex on children's PA during outdoor free play at baseline(p < 0.05). Similarly, there was no effect of group on PA during days with the movement program(intervention vs. outdoor free play) at either time point, but boys were more active than girls at the late assessment(p < 0.05). Last, children in the intervention engaged in more PA while participating in the intervention toward the end of the intervention than at the ***: The 5-week motor skill intervention was effective at improving preschoolers' motor skills and rates of change in motor skills were higher for children who completed the intervention compared with children in the control group. Preschoolers in the intervention did demonstrate PA changes while par

关键词： Gross motor skills Intervention Motor development: Pediatrics Physical activity

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Women's health and Chinese integrative medicine

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2017年第3期18卷 183-185页

作者： Fan QU Fang-fang WANG Nicola robinson Paul J.HARDIMAN Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University School of Health and Social Care London South Bank University Institute for Women's Health University College London Medical School

Researchers in the fields of obstetrics, gynecology, and Chinese integrative medicine （CIM） were invited to share their perspectives on the most recent studies.

关键词：女性健康中西医结合医学妇产科学

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Dietary modulation of endogenous host defense peptide synthesis as an alternative approach to in-feed antibiotics

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 160-169页

作者： Kelsy robinson Xi Ma Yulan Liu Shiyan Qiao Yongqing Hou Guolong Zhang Department of Animal Science Oklahoma State University State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceWuhan Polytechnic University

Traditionally, antibiotics are included in animal feed at subtherapeutic levels for growth promotion and disease ***, recent links between in-feed antibiotics and a rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens have led to a ban of all antibiotics in livestock production by the European Union in January 2006 and a removal of medically important antibiotics in animal feeds in the United States in January *** urgent need arises for antibiotic alternatives capable of maintaining animal health and productivity without triggering antimicrobial *** defense peptides(HDP) are a critical component of the animal innate immune system with direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory *** in-feed supplementation of recombinant or synthetic HDP appears to be effective in maintaining animal performance and alleviating clinical symptoms in the context of disease, dietary modulation of the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides has emerged as a cost-effective,antibiotic-alternative approach to disease control and *** different classes of smallmolecule compounds have been found capable of promoting HDP *** the most efficacious compounds are butyrate and vitamin ***, butyrate and vitamin D synergize with each other in enhancing HDP *** review will focus on the regulation of HDP synthesis by butyrate and vitamin D in humans, chickens, pigs, and cattle and argue for potential application of HDP-inducing compounds in antibiotic-free livestock production.

关键词： Host defense peptides Antibiotic alternatives Butyrate Vitamin D Antibiotics

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