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Excess non-COVID-19-related mortality among inflammatory bowel disease decedents during the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2677-2688页

作者： Sarah Rotondo-Trivette Xin-Yuan He Jamil S Samaan Fan Lv Emily Truong michaela Juels Anthony Nguyen Xu Gao Jian Zu Yee Hui Yeo Fan-Pu Ji Gil Y Melmed Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Infectious Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049Shaanxi ProvinceChina David Geffen School of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Division of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Surgical Critical Care and Life Support(Xi’an Jiaotong University) Ministry of EducationXi’an 710004Shaanxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic disrupted healthcare in the United States.AIM To investigate COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related death and characteristics associated with excess death among inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)decedents.METHODS We performed a register-based study using data from the National Vital Statistics System,which reports death data from over 99%of the United States population,from January 1,2006 through December 31,2021.IBD-related deaths among adults 25 years and older were stratified by age,sex,race/ethnicity,place of death,and primary cause of death.Predicted and actual age-standardized mortality rates(ASMRs)per 100000 persons were compared.RESULTS 49782 IBD-related deaths occurred during the study period.Non-COVID-19-related deaths increased by 13.14%in 2020 and 18.12%in 2021[2020 ASMR:1.55 actual vs 1.37 predicted,95%confidence interval(CI):1.26-1.49;2021 ASMR:1.63 actual vs 1.38 predicted,95%CI:1.26-1.49].In 2020,non-COVID-19-related mortality increased by 17.65%in ulcerative colitis(UC)patients between the ages of 25 and 65 and 36.36%in non-Hispanic black(NHB)Crohn’s disease(CD)patients.During the pandemic,deaths at home or on arrival and at medical facilities as well as deaths due to neoplasms also increased.CONCLUSION IBD patients suffered excess non-COVID-19-related death during the pandemic.Excess death was associated with younger age among UC patients,and with NHB race among CD patients.Increased death at home or on arrival and due to neoplasms suggests that delayed presentation and difficulty accessing healthcare may have led to increased IBD mortality.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease COVID-19 Excess death Race Sex Disparities

Epigenetic therapeutics in dental pulp treatment: Hopes, challenges and concerns for the development of next-generation biomaterials

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 574-593页

作者： Henry F.Duncan Yoshifumi Kobayashi michaela Kearney Emi Shimizu Division of Restorative Dentistry&Periodontology Dublin Dental University HospitalTrinity College DublinUniversity of DublinLincoln PlaceDublinIreland Department of Oral Biology Rutgers School of Dental MedicineNewarkNJUSA

This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment(VPT),but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics.Traditional dentistry is expensive,invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease,rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity.Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based‘fillings’that preserve the dental pulp;research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry,with high failure rates,to smart restorations targeted at biological processes.Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process.Therefore,exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex.This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase(HDAC)enzymes in dental-pulp-cells(DPCs)that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability.Consequently,HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects,providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed,inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material.Despite positive results,clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles,dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships.The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp,while considering the next steps,material considerations,challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other‘smart’restorations in VPT.

关键词： Epigenetics Vital pulp treatment Histone deacetylase inhibitors Regenerative endodontics Pulp capping

Treatment of colonic varices and gastrointestinal bleeding by recanalization and stenting of splenic-vein-thrombosis:A case report and literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第24期29卷 3922-3931页

作者： Lisa-michaela Füssel Rene Müller-Wille Patrick Dinkhauser Walter Schauer Harald Hofer Department of Internal Medicine Ⅰ Gastroenterology and HepatologyKlinikum Wels-GrieskirchenWels 4600Austria Department of Radiology Klinikum Wels-GrieskirchenWels 4600Austria Department of Abdominal Surgery Klinikum Wels-GrieskirchenWels 4600Austria

BACKGROUND Splenic vein thrombosis is a known complication of pancreatitis.It can lead to increased blood flow through mesenteric collaterals.This segmental hypertension may result in the development of colonic varices(CV)with a high risk of severe gastrointestinal bleeding.While clear guidelines for treatment are lacking,splenectomy or splenic artery embolization are often used to treat bleeding.Splenic vein stenting has been shown to be a safe option.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old female patient was admitted due to recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.She was anemic with a hemoglobin of 8.0 g/dL.As a source of bleeding,CV were identified.Computed tomography scans revealed thrombotic occlusion of the splenic vein,presumably as a result of a severe acute pancreatitis 8 years prior.In a selective angiography,a dilated mesenterial collateral leading from the spleen to enlarged vessels in the right colonic flexure and draining into the superior mesenteric vein could be confirmed.The hepatic venous pressure gradient was within normal range.In an interdisciplinary board,transhepatic recanalization of the splenic vein via balloon dilatation and consecutive stenting,as well as coiling of the aberrant veins was discussed and successfully performed.Consecutive evaluation revealed complete regression of CV and splenomegaly as well as normalization of the red blood cell count during follow-up.CONCLUSION Recanalization and stenting of splenic vein thrombosis might be considered in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding due to CV.However,a multidisciplinary approach with a thorough workup and discussion of individualized therapeutic strategies is crucial in these difficult to treat patients.

关键词： Pancreatitis-induced splenic vein thrombosis Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Colonic varices Splenic vein stenting Segmental/sinistral hypertension Case report

Positive intercropping effects on biomass production are species-specific and involve rhizosphere enzyme activities: Evidence from a field study

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第4期4卷 444-453页

作者： Amit Kumar Evgenia Blagodaskaya michaela A.Dippold Vicky M.Temperton Institute of Ecology Faculty of SustainabilityLeuphana University Lüneburg21335LuneburgGermany Department of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research-UFZ Halle06120Halle(Saale)Germany Agro-Technology Institute RUDN University117198MoscowRussia Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems University of GoettingenBuesgenweg 237077GoettingenGermany

Less attention has been given to soil enzymes that contribute to beneficial rhizosphere interactions in intercropping systems.Therefore,we performed a field experiment by growing faba bean,lupine,and maize in mono and mixed cultures in a moderately fertile soil.We measured shoot biomass and the kinetic parameters(maximal velocity(V max)and Michaelis-constant(K m))of three key enzymes in the rhizosphere:Leucine-aminopeptidase(LAP),β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase(NAG),and phosphomonoesterase(PHO).Faba bean benefitted in mixed cultures by greater shoot biomass production with both maize and lupine compared to its expected biomass in monoculture.Next,LAP and NAG kinetic parameters were less responsive to mono and mixed cultures across the crop species.In contrast,both the V max and K m values of PHO increased in the faba bean rhizosphere when grown in mixed cultures with maize and lupine.A positive relative interaction index for shoot P and N uptake for faba bean showed its net facilitative interactions in the mixed cultures.Overall,these results suggest that over-productivity in intercropping is crop-specific and the positive intercropping effects could be modulated by P availability.We argue that the enzyme activities involved in nutrient cycling should be incorporated in further research.

关键词： Enzyme kinetic parameters Phosphorus mobilization Nitrogen fixation Niche complementarity Biomass increase Relative interaction index

Characterization of the interaction of nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents with human blood components

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生物活性材料(英文) 2023年第1期19卷 642-652页

作者： michaela B.Cooley Eric C.Abenojar Dana Wegierak Anirban Sen Gupta Michael C.Kolios Agata A.Exner Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106United States Department of Radiology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106United States Department of Physics Ryerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St.Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioM5B 1T8Canada

Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents,or nanobubbles,are being explored in preclinical applications ranging from vascular and cardiac imaging to targeted drug delivery in cancer.These sub-micron particles are approximately 10x smaller than clinically available microbubbles.This allows them to effectively traverse compromised physiological barriers and circulate for extended periods of time.While various aspects of nanobubble behavior have been previously examined,their behavior in human whole blood has not yet been explored.Accordingly,herein we examined,for the first time,the short and long-term effects of blood components on nanobubble acoustic response.We observed differences in the kinetics of backscatter from nanobubble suspensions in whole blood compared to bubbles in phosphate buffered saline(PBS),plasma,or red blood cell solutions(RBCs).Specifically,after introducing nanobubbles to fresh human whole blood,signal enhancement,or the magnitude of nonlinear ultrasound signal,gradually increased by 22.8±13.1%throughout our experiment,with peak intensity reached within 145 s.In contrast,nanobubbles in PBS had a stable signal with negligible change in intensity(􀀀1.7±3.2%)over 8 min.Under the same conditions,microbubbles made with the same lipid formulation showed a􀀀56.8±6.1%decrease in enhancement in whole blood.Subsequent confocal,fluorescent,and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed attachment of the nanobubbles to the surface of RBCs,suggesting that direct interactions,or hitchhiking,of nanobubbles on RBCs in the presence of plasma may be a possible mechanism for the observed effects.This phenomenon could be key to extending nanobubble circulation time and has broad implications in drug delivery,where RBC interaction with nanoparticles could be exploited to improve delivery efficiency.

关键词： Nanobubbles Ultrasound contrast agents Red blood cells Hitchhiking Ultrasound Drug delivery

Fuel cell development for New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) and clean air in China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2018年第2期28卷 113-120页

作者： michaela Kendall Midlands Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Network (MFCHN) and Business Forum Birmingham City University

This paper reviews the background to New Energy Vehicles(NEV) policies in China, and the key scientific and market challenges that need to be addressed to accelerate fuel cells(FCs) in the rapidly developing NEV market.The global significance of the Chinese market, key players, core FC technologies and future research priorities are discussed.

关键词： New energy vehicle(NEV) Electric vehicle(EV) Hybrid vehicle(HV) Battery electric vehicle(BEV) Fuel cell vehicle(FCV) Fuel cell bus Range extender Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell(PEM FC) Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) Hydrogen Clean air in China

Topological Transformation during Normal Grain Growth

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第5期20卷 601-604页

作者： ChaogangLOU michaela.PLayer SchoolofElectronicEngineering SoutheastUniversitvNanjing210018China DepartmentofEngineering UniversityofAberdeenAberdeen-AB243UEUK

This paper investigates topological transformation during normal grain growth by carrying out a computer vertex simulation. Results show that topological correlation agrees with the models proposed by Blanc et al. and Weaire. Topological transformation occurs more often on grains with some topological classes instead of equal probability on each boundary. This can be qualitatively explained by topological correlation.

关键词： Topological transformation Normal grain growth Simulation

A numerical study of prestressed high strength steel tubular members

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 10-22页

作者： michaela GKANTOU Marios THEOFANOUS Charalampos BANIOTOPOULOS Department of Civil Engineering Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK Department of Civil Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

The structural behavior of prestressed high strength steel(HSS)tubular members is investigated through the execution of advanced finite element modeling.Numerical models are developed and validated against published experimental data on HSS tubular members subjected to different levels of initial prestress and loaded either in tension or compression.The effect of the presence or absence of grouting on the strength and ductility of the members is also considered.To numerically replicate the structural response recorded in the tests,some key modeling features including the employed numerical solver,the adopted material models and the element types warrant careful consideration.Upon developing of the finite element models,the numerically generated ultimate loads,the corresponding failure modes and the full load-deformation curves are compared to the experimental ones,indicating a successful validation.As anticipated,prestressing enhances the load-bearing capacity for the tensile members,whereas it is detrimental for the compressive ones.A series of parametric studies is performed to assess the influence of key factors on the structural response of prestressed HSS members and the obtained results are discussed.Design guidance for tensile and compressive prestressed tubular members is also provided.

关键词： finite element prestressing tubular members grout high strength steel

Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction in Iran:Lessons and "Lessons Learned" from Three Large Earthquake Disasters——Tabas 1978,Rudbar 1990,and Bam 2003

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 415-427页

作者： michaela Ibrion Mohammad Mokhtari Farrokh Nadim Department of Geography Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology ManagementNorwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU) National Center for Earthquake Prediction and Seismological Research International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology(IIEES) Natural Hazards Debris Slides and Geo RiskNorwegian Geotechnical Institute(NGI)

This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become 'Lessons Learned' and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam,and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework—an earthquake culture.

关键词： Bam Earthquake disaster risk reduction Lessons Lessons learned Rudbar Tabas