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Epigenetics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:A clinicopathologic perspective

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第9期9卷 341-353页

作者： Brendan M Finnerty Katherine d Gray Maureen d Moore Rasa Zarnegar thomas J FaheyⅢ department of Surgery New York Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065United States

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors whose site-specific tumor incidence and clinical behavior vary widely. Genetic alterations associated with familial inherited syndromes have been well defined; however, the genetic profile of sporadic tumors is less clear as their tumorigenesis does not appear to be controlled by classic oncogenes such as P53, RB, or KRAS. Even within GEP-NETs, there are no common oncogenic drivers; for example, dAXX/ATRX mutations are strongly implicated in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic but not small bowel NETs. Accordingly, the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been hypothesized as a potential regulator of GEPNET tumorigenesis and has become a major focus of recent studies. despite the heterogeneity of tumor cohorts evaluated in these studies, it is obvious that there are methylation patterns, chromatin remodeling alterations, and microR NA and long non-coding RNA(lncR NA) differential expression profiles that are distinctive of GEPNETs, some of which are correlated with significant differences in clinical outcomes. Several translational studies have provided convincing data identifying potential prognostic biomarkers, and some of these have demonstrated preliminary success as serum biomarkers that can be used clinically. Nevertheless, there are many opportunities to further define the mechanisms by which these epigenetic modifications influence tumorigenesis, and this will provide better insight into their prognostic and therapeutic utility. Furthermore, these findings form the foundation for future studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of epigenetic modifications as prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Epigenetics Carcinoid Neuroendocrine MicroRNA Methylation Histone modifications Chromatin remodeling LncRNA

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Magnetohydrostatic modeling of the solar atmosphere

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1710-1726页

作者： ZHU XiaoShuai NEUKIRCH thomas WIEGELMANN thomas State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung G¨ottingen 37077Germany

Understanding structures and evolutions of the magnetic fields and plasma in multiple layers on the Sun is very important. A force-free magnetic field which is an accurate approximation of the solar corona due to the low plasma β has been widely studied and used to model the coronal magnetic structure. While the force-freeness assumption is well satisfied in the solar corona, the lower atmosphere is not force-free given the high plasma β. Therefore, a magnetohydrostatic(MHS) equilibrium which takes into account plasma forces, such as pressure gradient and gravitational force, is considered to be more appropriate to describe the lower atmosphere. This paper reviews both analytical and numerical extrapolation methods based on the MHS assumption for calculating the magnetic fields and plasma in the solar atmosphere from measured magnetograms.

关键词： magnetic field photosphere chromosphere corona

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Review of minimally invasive pancreas surgery and opinion on its incorporation into low volume and resource poor centres

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第10期13卷 1122-1135页

作者： Shamir O Cawich michael.d Kluger Wesley Francis Rahul R deshpande Fawwaz Mohammed Kimon O Bonadie dexter A thomas Neil W Pearce Beth A Schrope Clinical Surgical Sciences University of the West IndiesTunapuna 331333Trinidad and Tobago department of Surgery New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States department of Surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas department of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom department of Clinical Surgical Sciences University of the West IndiesTunapuna 331333Trinidad and Tobago department of Surgery Health Service AuthorityGeorgetown 915 GTCayman Islands department of Surgery Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom department of Surgery Columbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY 10032United States

Pancreatic surgery has been one of the last areas for the application of minimally invasive surgery(MIS)because there are many factors that make laparoscopic pancreas resections *** concept of service centralization has also limited expertise to a small cadre of high-volume centres in resource rich ***,this is not the environment that many surgeons in developing countries work *** patients often do not have the opportunity to travel to high volume centres for ***,we sought to review the existing data on MIS for the pancreas and to *** this paper,we review the evolution of MIS on the pancreas and discuss the incorporation of this service into low-volume and resource-poor countries,such as those in the *** paper has two ***,we performed a literature review evaluating all studies published on laparoscopic and robotic surgery of the *** data in the Caribbean is examined and we discuss tips for incorporating this operation into resource poor hospital *** pancreatic case volume in the Caribbean,and financial barriers to MIS in general,laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy,enucleation and cystogastrostomy are feasible operations to integrate in to a resource-limited healthcare *** is because they can be performed with minimal to no consumables and require an intermediate MIS skillset to complement an open pancreatic surgeon’s peri-operative experience.

关键词： Pancreas Surgery Laparoscopic Minimally invasive Pancreatectomy Whipple’s Pancreaticoduidenectomy

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dental remineralization via poly(amido amine) and restorative materials containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles

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International Journal of Oral Science 2019年第3期11卷 180-191页

作者： Kunneng Liang Suping Wang Siying Tao Shimeng Xiao Han Zhou Ping Wang Lei Cheng Xuedong Zhou michael.d.Weir thomas W.Oates Jiyao Li Hockin H.K.Xu State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases & department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics University of Maryland School of DentistryBaltimoreMDUSA department of Operative dentistry and Endodontics & Stomatology Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Tooth decay is prevalent,and secondary caries causes restoration failures,both of which are related to *** is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic materials with remineralization *** article represents the first review on the cutting edge research of poly(amido amine)(PAMAM) in combination with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP).PAMAM was excellent nucleation template,and could absorb calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions via its functional groups to activate *** composite and adhesive showed acid-neutralization and Ca and P ion release *** +NACP together showed synergistic effects and produced triple benefits: excellent nucleation templates,superior acidneutralization,and ions ***,the PAMAM+NACP strategy possessed much greater remineralization capacity than using PAMAM or NACP ***+NACP achieved dentin remineralization even in an acidic solution without any initial Ca and P ***,the long-term remineralization capability of PAMAM+NACP was *** prolonged fluid challenge,the immersed PAMAM with the recharged NACP still induced effective dentin mineral ***,the hardness of predemineralized dentin was increased back to that of healthy dentin,indicating a complete ***,the novel PAMAM+NACP approach is promising to provide long-term therapeutic effects including tooth remineralization,hardness increase,and caries-inhibition capabilities.

关键词： an urgent need calcium phosphate dentin

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Morphological differences of hindlimb levers between wild and farmed American mink(Neovison vison)and implications for reintroduction of mustelids

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 867-875页

作者： Jian Sun Xiaoli Zhou Yanchun Xu Yan Hua thomas d.dahmer Shuhui Yang College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityNo.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Engineering Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization of China No.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China State Forestry and Grassland Administration detecting Center of Wildlife No.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Ecosystems Ltd Hong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Reintroduction is an important strategy to restore or re-establish wild populations of endangered ***-release training is a necessary step to ensure postreintroduction ***,studies reported contradicting outcomes after pre-release training of juveniles and *** study used farmed and feral American mink(Neovison vison)to analyze the influence of captive breeding on the morphology,structure and efficiency of the two major hindlimb levers,the femur and tibia pivoted by hip and knee joints that are essential for *** showed that captive breeding did not alter the sexual dimorphism of the two levers that are related to survival in the ***-bred mink showed slightly altered morphology of the femur and fundamental structure of the hindlimb levers that improved efficiency,but this resulted in reduction of performance related to foraging in both terrestrial and aquatic environments,especially for *** findings suggest that reintroduction of mustelid as exampled by the mink here should focus on juveniles because the skeletal alterations associated with captive rearing were recorded only among adults and are irreversible in *** contrast,captive-reared juveniles showed no skeletal alterations and would be expected to recovery from any atrophy of the muscular system caused by captive rearing for shorter *** results support the application of pre-release training of juveniles in enriched environments as a method for alleviating structural alteration of appendages and enhancing locomotion to increase survival probability in complex habitats.

关键词： Hindlimb lever Morphology American mink Neovison vison Reintroduction

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Regional and National Trends of Adult Living donor Liver Transplantation in the United States Over the Last Two decades

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第5期10卷 814-824页

作者： Saleh A.Alqahtani Ahmet Gurakar Hani Tamim thomas d.Schiano Alan Bonder Zachary Fricker Marwan Kazimi devin E.Eckhoff michael P.Curry Behnam Saberi Johns Hopkins University Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyBaltimoreMDUSA American University of Beirut Department of Internal MedicineBeirutLebanon Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Division of Liver DiseasesNew YorkNYUSA Beth Israel deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background and Aims:Liver organ shortage remains a major health burden in the US,with more patients being waitlisted than the number of liver transplants(LTs)*** study investigated US national and regional trends in living donor LT(LdLT)and identified factors associated with recipient ***:We retrospectively analyzed LdLT recipients and donors from the United Network Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement Transplant Network database from 1998 until 2019 for clinical characteristics,demographic differences,and survival *** and regional trends in LdLT,recipient outcomes,and predictors of survival were ***:Of the 223,571 candidates listed for an LT,57.5%received an organ,of which only 4.2%were *** adult LdLTs first peaked at 412 in 2001 but experienced a significant decline to 168 by *** then gradually increased to 445 in *** 2 had the highest LdLT numbers(n=919),while region 1 had the highest proportion(11.1%).Overall,post-LT mortality was 21.4%among LdLT ***-LdLT survival rates after 1-,5-,and 10-years were 92%,87%,and 70%,*** analysis(2004–2019)showed that patients undergoing LdLT in recent years had lower mortality than in earlier years(hazard ratio=0.81,95%confidence interval=0.75–0.88).Conclusions:Following a substantial decline after a peak in 2001,the number of adult LdLTs steadily increased from 2011 to ***,LdLTs still constitute the minority of the transplant pool in the *** policies to increase the use of LdLTs,particularly in regions of high organ demand,should be implemented.

关键词： Living donor Liver transplantation Survival UNOS Organ demand

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng Li Brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA thomas Lord department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEdOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme d.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey d.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.d.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman d.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh d.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCd

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Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第1期16卷 33-49页

作者： Changting Meng Chunmei Bai thomas d. Brown Leroy E. Hood Qiang Tian Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA 98109 USA department of Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing 100730 China Swedish Cancer Institute Seattle WA 98104 USA P4 Medicine Institute Seattle WA 98109 USA

Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also inter- fere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influ- ence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal （GI） tract （including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers） and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, pro- biotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

关键词： Inflammation Immune regulation Microbial metabolites Carcinogenesis Traditional ChineseMedicine

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Qidong: a crucible for studies on liver cancer etiology and prevention

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 24-37页

作者： Jianguo Chen Jian Zhu Gaoren Wang John d.Groopman thomas W.Kensler department of Epidemiology Qidong Liver Cancer Institute department of Epidemiology Tumor Hospital Nantong University department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Public Health Sciences division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Qidong(Jiangsu, China) has been of interest to cancer epidemiologists and biologists because, until recently, it was an endemic area for liver cancer, having amongst the highest incidence rates in the world. The establishment of the Qidong Cancer Registry together with the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 has charted the patterns of liver cancer incidence and mortality in a stable population throughout a period of enormous economic, social, and environmental changes as well as of improvements in health care delivery. Updated incidence trends in Qidong are described. Notably, the China age-standardized incidence rate for liver cancer has dropped by over 50% in the past several decades. Molecular epidemiologic and genomic deep sequencing studies have affirmed that infection with hepatitis B virus as well as dietary exposure to aflatoxins through contamination of dietary staples such as corn, and to microcystins–blue-green algal toxins found in ditch and pond water – were likely important etiologic factors that account for the high incidence of liver cancer in this region. Public health initiatives to facilitate universal vaccination of newborns against HBV and to improve drinking water sources in this rural area, as well as economic and social mandates serendipitously facilitating dietary diversity, have led to precipitous declines in exposures to these etiologic factors, concomitantly driving substantive declines in the liver cancer incidence seen now in Qidong. In this regard, Qidong serves as a template for the global impact that a package of intervention strategies may exert on cancer burden.

关键词： Liver cancer incidence hepatitis B virus aflatoxin microcystin screening chemoprevention mutational signature

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