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A Serratia marcesens Strains Involved in Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) Boll Infection by a Prokaryote

Agricultural Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1565-1578页

作者： Enrique G. Medrano j.mes P. Glover Alois A. Bell michael j. brewer Insect Control & Cotton Disease Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) College Station TX USA Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center Department of Entomology Texas A&M University Corpus Christi TX USA USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit Stoneville MS USA

A boll infection caused by non-traditional cotton pathogens was first reported to occur in the southeastern U.S. Cotton Belt (year 2000) and has since spread to Texas causing significant yield losses. This study was aimed towards investigating the verde plant bug (Creontiades signatus) link between interior boll disease in Texas, USA. Using glasshouse grown bolls, bacteria recovered from locules with disease symptoms from field-grown cotton bolls caged with the piercing-sucking C. signatus were analyzed for the capacity to inflict the disease. For pathogenicity testing, spontaneously generated rifampicin resistant (Rifr) variants were utilized to track the antibiotic resistant bacterium and deter growth of endophytic and contaminating bacteria. To simulate C. signatus feeding, a needle (31 gauge) was employed to inoculate bolls at 13 - 15 days after flower bloom. Bacterial suspensions ranged from 101 - 106 colony forming units/ml. Field infection symptoms were duplicated after two weeks of bacterial exposure. Infectious strains were best categorized as Serratia marcescens based on traditional carbon utilization and enzyme production testing, and a 99% nucleotide sequence identity of 16S ribosomal DNA. Putative S. marcescens representatives isolated from rotted bolls exposed to C. signatus were shown to reproduce field infection symptoms upon inoculation into greenhouse grown fruit. Serratia spp. can inflict disease in alfalfa, cucurbits, and sunflower. The presented data are the first to definitively show that a Serratia sp. has the capacity to infect cotton.

关键词： Verde Plant Bug Opportunistic Bacterial Infections Antibiotic Selection Marker Cotton Boll Disease Piercing-Sucking Insects

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Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube/Fullerene Blended Heteroj.nctions for Photovoltaic Near-Infrared Photon Harvesting

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Nano Research 2011年第11期4卷 1174-1179页

作者： Dominick j. Bindl Adam S. brewer michael S. Arnold 1509 University Ave. Materials Science and Engineering Dept. University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

We demonstrate that the near-infrared （NIR） absorptivity of semiconducfing single-walled carbon nanotubes （s-SWCNTs） can be harnessed in blended heteroj.nctions with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PCBM）. Photogenerated charge separation is efficiently driven by the ultrahigh interracial area of the blends and the favorable energy offsets between the two materials. NIR-sensitive photovoltaic and photodetector devices utilizing the stack （indium tin oxide/ca. 10 nm s-SWCNT：PCBM/100 nm Cj.0 nm 2,9- dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-],10-phenanthroline （BCP）/Ag） were fabricated with NIR power conversion efficiencies 〉1.3% and peak, zero bias external quantum efficiency of 18% at λ = 1205 nm.

关键词： Carbon nanotube bulk heteroj.nction photovoltaic photodetector near-infrared (NIR)

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PXR variants:the impact on drug metabolism and therapeutic responses

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 441-449页

作者： C.Trent brewer Taosheng Chen Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics St.Jude Children's Research Hospital Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program University of Tennessee Health Science Center

The pregnane X receptor(PXR) plays an important and diverse role in mediating xenobiotic induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and *** protein isoforms of PXR exist,and they have differential transcriptional activity upon target genes; transcript variants 3(PXR3) and 4(PXR4) do not induce target gene expression,whereas transcript variants 1(PXR1) and 2(PXR2) respond to agonist by activating target gene *** protein variants also display differences in protein–protein interactions; PXR1 interacts with p53,whereas PXR3 does ***,the transcript variants of PXR that encode these protein isoforms are differentially regulated by methylation and deletions in the respective promoters of the variants,and their expression differs in various human cancers and also in cancerous tissue compared to adj.cent normal ***1 and PXR4 m RNA are downregulated by methylation in cancerous tissue and have divergent effects on cellular proliferation when ectopically *** detailed and comparative mechanistic studies are required to predict the effect of PXR transcript variant expression on carcinogenesis,therapeutic response,and the development of toxicity.

关键词： Pregnane X receptor Transcript variants Drug metabolism Therapeutic responses Toxicity

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A Conceptual Governance Framework for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Integration

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International j.urnal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 372-384页

作者： Giuseppe Forino j.son von Meding Graham j.brewer School of Architecture and Built Environment University of Newcastle

Climate change adaptation(CCA) and disaster risk reduction(DRR) have similar targets and goals in relation to climate change and related risks. The integration of CCA in core DRR operations is crucial to provide simultaneous benefits for social systems coping with challenges posed by climate extremes and climate *** state actors are generally responsible for governing a public issue such as CCA and DRR integration,the reform of top-down governing modes in neoliberal societies has enlarged the range of potential actors to include non state actors from economic and social communities. These new intervening actors require in-depth investigation. To achieve this goal, the article investigates the set of actors and their bridging arrangements that create and shape governance in CCA and DRR integration. The article conducts a comprehensive literature review in order to retrieve main actors and arrangements. The article summarizes actors and arrangements into a conceptual governance framework that can be used as a backdrop for future research on the topic. However, this framework has an explorative form, which must be refined according to site-and context-specific variables, norms, or ***, this article promotes an initial application of the framework to different contexts. Scholars may adopt the framework as a roadmap with which to corroborate the existence of a theoretical and empirical body of knowledge on governance of CCA and DRR integration.

关键词： Actors Climate change adaptation Climate change risk Disaster risk reduction Governance

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Resident accuracy in locating the common femoral vein in normal weight vs. obese patients

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Open j.urnal of Clinical Diagnostics 2013年第3期3卷 105-108页

作者： Leigh Patterson j.remy j. Bennett Kori brewer Department of Emergency Medicine East Carolina University Greenville USA

Obj.ctives: Ultrasound guidance increases the success of internal j.gular central venous catheter (CVC) placement. The common femoral vein (CFV) is considered an easier site and physicians frequently place CFV CVCs using anatomical landmark guidance. No research has demonstrated the effect of patient weight on placement of a femoral CVC. The authors hypothesized that resident physicians could determine by anatomical landmarks the insertion site of a femoral CVC in normal and overweight adults. Methods: Investigators consented adult patients in the Emergency Department to serve as study models. Patients were grouped by BMI: Normal (BMI (BMI > 25). PGYI-III Emergency Medicine residents who volunteered to participate were included. Residents inspected and palpated the inguinal regions on a patient and marked the patient’s skin directly over the CFV. A faculty member assessed success using a 10 MHz linear probe (Sonosite Micro Maxx) centered over the mark. The attempt was successful if the mark was directly over the CFV and unsuccessful if distal, lateral, or medial to the CFV. Results: Nineteen residents (6 PGYI, 7 PGY II, and 6 PGYIII) assessed 17 patients. There were 43 attempts on Normal patients and 57 attempts on Overweight patients. The success rate on Normal patients was 74% and on Overweight patients was 42% (p = 0.0021). Conclusion: Residents were more successful in correctly identifying the CFV by anatomical landmarks in Normal patients. Training year had no effect on success. Ultrasound guidance may increase the success rate of placing a femoral CVC in patients with BMI > 25.

关键词： Ultrasound Central Venous Access Obesity

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Distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds in flour milling fractions from hard red winter wheat

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 71-78页

作者： Lauren Renee brewer j.ttawan Kubola Sirithon Siriamornpun Yong-Cheng Shi Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Food Innovation and Processing Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyBuriram Rajabhat UniversityBuriram 31000Thailand Research Unit of Thai Food innovation Department of Food Technology and NutritionMahasarakham UniversityMahasarakham 44000Thailand

Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts:endosperm,bran,and *** milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-product *** this study,multiple analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and phenolic compound compositions of hard red winter wheat(whole ground wheat),the parts of a wheat kernel(bran,flour,germ),and wheat by-product streams(mill feed,red dog,shorts)for the first *** each mill stream,phenolic compounds(total,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents)were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activity,ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP),and total antioxidant capacity *** differences(Pj.rity of antioxidant properties,whereas bran contains a substantial portion of phenolic compounds and *** feed was high in phenolic content(5.29 mg FAE/g),total antioxidant capacity(866 mg/g),and antioxidant activity(up to 75% DPPH inhibition and 20.26μmol FeSO_(4)/g).The comprehensive information on distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds provides insights for future human consumption of commonly produced co-products from flour milling,and for selecting and using different milling fractions to make foods with improved nutritional properties.

关键词： Wheat Milling streams Antioxidants Phenolic acids Flavonoid Anthocyanin

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PLGA微囊促进树突细胞抗原提呈作用的体外观察

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中国生物医学工程学报 2005年第1期24卷 35-37页

作者：孙洪范 KevinG.j.Pollock j.mesM.brewer 中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所天津300192 英国格拉斯哥大学免疫与微生物系

本研究在体外将含卵清蛋白 (OVA)的PLGA微囊与小鼠骨髓诱导的树突细胞 (BM DC)相互作用 ,然后用卵清蛋白特异性杂交瘤T细胞检测OVA抗原在BM DC表面的表达 ,结果显示 :PLGA微囊可以在体外显著促进BM DC对OVA抗原的呈递。

关键词： PLGA 树突细胞抗原提呈作用体外观察微囊卵清蛋白相互作用小鼠骨髓细胞检测 A抗原杂交瘤特异性

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An <i>in vitro</i>study of antimicrobial agents incorporated into interim restorative materials

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Open j.urnal of Stomatology 2013年第1期3卷 94-98页

作者： Arely Denisse Garza Garza Violet I. Haraszthy j.ne D. brewer Edward Monaco j.nnifer Kuracina j.seph j. Zambon Department of Periodontics and Endodontics University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine Buffalo USA Department of Restorative Dentistry University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine Buffalo USA

Aim: To test the hypothesis that antimicrobial agents can be incorporated into bis-acryl resin and that the material will inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. Materials and Methods: 0.5%, 1% and 2% triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and 0.05% 0.01% and 0.15% cetylpyridinium chloride were incorporated into bis-acryl resins and molded into 1 mm × 10 mm discs. The discs were placed on bacterial culture media inoculated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4, Porphyromonas gingivalis strain SUNYaB A7A1-28 or Streptococcus gordonii strain 10558, incubated and examined for growth inhibition. Results: Triclosan-containing bisacryl resin discs produced dose-dependent zones of growth inhibition for A. actinomycetemcomitans but not S. gordonii or P. gingivalis. Cetylpyridinium chloride-containing discs produced dose-dependent zones of growth inhibition for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii but not A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion: Triclosan and cetylpyridinium chloride can be incorporated into bis-acryl resin and can inhibit the growth of plaque bacteria in a dose dependent manner. Bis-acryl resin containing antimicrobial agents may inhibit in vivo plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.

关键词： Interim Restorations Bis-Acryl Resin Triclosan Cetylpyridinium Chloride

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Effect of tehina processing and storage in the physical-chemical quality

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International j.urnal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第5期9卷 218-226页

作者： Taha M.Rababah Muhammad Al-U’datt Maj.i Al-Mahasneh Mohammad Obaidat Ali Almaj.al Aladdin Odeh Susan brewer Wade Yang Faculty of Agriculture Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan Faculty of Engineering Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan Department of Community Health Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 6180USA Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611-0370USA

The effect of tehina processing and storage during six months at 25℃and 35℃on total phenolics,antioxidant activity,anthocyanins,and fatty acid analysis was *** processing,storage period and temperature significantly(p≤0.05)decreased total phenolics,antioxidant activity and anthocyanins *** results showed that raw sesame seeds had the highest total phenolics(99.98 mg GAE/100 g)and lower levels were found in dehulled unroasted sesame seeds,tehina at zero time and roasted sesame seeds(62.53,60.61 and 47.03 mg GAE/100 g,respectively).In addition,tehina during storage showed a significant decrease in total phenolics(60.61 to 42.45 mg GAE/100 g).Raw sesame seeds had the highest antioxidant activity(0.51 mg/mL),while the tehina,dehulled unroasted and roasted sesame had antioxidant activity values of 1.21,1.35 and 1.79 mg/mL,***,antioxidant activity of tehina at zero time was highest(1.21 mg/mL)and lowest was in tehina stored for six months(1.70 mg/mL).Sesame seeds and tehina had low levels of anthocyanins(1.26 and 0.50 mg cya-3-glu/100 g).Fatty acid analysis showed that sesame seeds(raw,dehulled unroasted and roasted)and tehina samples contain high percent of unsaturated fatty acid oleic(C18:1)and linoleic(C18:2).

关键词： sesame seeds phenols antioxidant activities anthocyanins

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作者： Alex brewer Alex brewer导演

来源：南通市图书馆图书评论

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