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Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 447-455页

作者： Bertrand Fouks Emily G. Robb H. michael G. Lattorff lnstitut fur Biologie Molekulare Okologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Hoher Weg Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Microbes and Pathogens Biology The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom lnternational Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz Leipzig Germany

Pollinators use multiple cues whilst foraging in eluding direct cues from flowers and in direct cues from other pollinators. The use of indirect social cues is common in social in sects, such as honeybees and bumblebees, where a social environment facilitates the ability to use such cues. Bumblebees use cues to forage on flowers according to previous foraging experiences. Flowers are an essential food source for pollinators but also pose a high risk of parasite infection through the shared use of flowers leading to parasite spillover. Nevertheless, bumblebees have evolved behavioral defense mechanisms to limit parasite infection by avoiding contaminated flowers. Mechanisms underlying the avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees are poorly understood. Bumblebees were recorded having the choice to forage on non-contaminated flowers and flowers contaminated by a trypan osome gut parasite, Crithidia bombi. The use of different treatments with presence or absence of con specifics on both con taminated and non-contami nated flowers allowed to investigate the role of social visual cues on their pathogen avoidance behavior. Bumblebees are expected to use social visual cues to avoid contaminated flowers. Our study reveals that the presence of a con specific on flowers either con taminated or not does not help bumblebee foragers avoiding contaminated flowers. Nevertheless, bumblebees whereas gaining experie nee tend to avoid their con specific when placed on contami nated flower and copy it whe n on the non-contami nated flower. Our experime nt suggests a detrime ntal impact of floral see nt on disease avoidanee behavior.

关键词： Host-parasite in teractions social learning pollinators inadvertent social information behavioral immunity copying behavior

CGR3： A Golgi-Localized Protein Influencing Homogalacturonan Methylesterification

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 832-844页

作者： michael A. Held Evan Be Starla Zemelis Saunia Withers Curtis Wilkerson Federica Brandizzi Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address： Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecuiar Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Plant cell walls are complex structures that offer structural and mechanical support to plant cells and are ultimately responsible for plant architecture and form. Pectins are a large group of complex polysaccharides of the plant cell wall that are made in the Golgi and secreted to the wall. The methylesterification of pectins is believed to be an important factor for the dynamic properties of the cell wall. Here, we report on a protein of unknown function discovered using an extensive proteomics analysis of cotton Golgi. Through bioinformatic analyses, we identified the ortholog of such protein, here named cotton Golgi-related 3 （CGR3） in Arabidopsis and found that it shares conserved residues with S- adenosylmethionine methyltransferases. We established that CGR3 is localized at the Golgi apparatus and that the expression of the CGR3 gene is correlated with that of several cell wall biosynthetic genes, suggesting a possible role of the protein in pectin modifications. Consistent with this hypothesis, immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies for homogalacturonan pectins （HG） indicated that the celt wails of cgr3 knockout mutants and plants overexpressing CGR3 are decreased and increased in HG methylesterification, respectively. Our results suggest that CGR3 plays a role in the methylesterification of homogalacturonan in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Golgi methyltransferase homogalacturonan pectin.

Estrogen receptor （α and β） but not androgen receptor expression is correlated with recurrence, progression and survival in post prostatectomy T3NOMO locally advanced prostate cancer in an urban Greek population

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第1期17卷 98-105,I0009,I0010页

作者： Georgios Megas michael Chrisofos Ioannis Anastasiou Aida Tsitlidou Theodosia Choreftaki Charalampos Deliveliotis Department of Urology General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas" Greece Department of Urology Athens Medical School "Attiko" Hospital Athens Greece Department of Urology Athens Medical School "Laiko" Hospital Athens Greece Department of Pathology General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas" Greece Department of Urology Athens Medical School "Sismanoglio" Hospital Athens Greece.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of estrogen receptors （er（（α ） and er（β）） and androgen receptors （ARs） as prognostic factors for biochemical recurrence, disease progression and survival in patients with pT3NOMO prostate cancer （PCa） in an urban Greek population. A total of 100 consecutive patients with pT3NOMO PCa treated with radical prostatectomy participated in the study. The mean age and follow-up were 64.2 and 6 years, respectively. The HSCORE was used for semi-quantitative analysis of the immunoreactivity of the receptors. The prognostic value of the er（（α） and er（β） and AR was assessed in terms of recurrence, progression, and survival. AR expression was not associated with any of the above parameters; however, both ers correlated with the prognosis. A univariate Cox regression analysis showed that er（α） positive staining was significantly associated with a greater hazard for all outcomes. Increased er（β） staining was significantly associated with a lower hazard for all outcomes in the univariate analysis. When both er HSCORES were used for the analysis, it was found that patients with high er（α） or low er（β） HSCORES compared with patients with negatively stained er（α） and 〉1.7 hSCORE er（β） had 6.03, 10.93, and 10.53 times greater hazard for biochemical disease recurrence, progression of disease and death, respectively. Multiple Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the age, preoperative prostate specific antigen, Gleason score and ers were independent predictors of all outcomes. er expression is an important prognosticator after radical prostatectomy in patients with pT3NOMO PCa. By contrast, AR expression has limited prognostic value.

关键词： androgen receptor estrogen receptor (α) estrogen receptor (β) locally advanced prostate cancer radical prostatectomy

Arabidopsis CAMTA Transcription Factors Regulate Pipecolic Acid Biosynthesis and Priming of Immunity Genes

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 157-168页

作者： Yongsig Kim Sarah J.Gilmour Lumen Chao Sunchung Park michael F.Thomashow MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48824USA MSU Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48824USA Department of Plant Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMl 48824USA Present address:U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service1636 East Alisal St.SalinasCA 93905USA

The Arabidopsis thaliana Calmodulin-binding Transcription Activator(CAMTA)transcription factors CAMTA1,CAMTA2,and CAMTA3(CAMTA123)serve as master regulators of salicylic acid(SA)-mediated immunity,repressing the biosynthesis of SA in healthy ***,we show that CAMTA123 also repress the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid(Pip)in healthy *** of CAMTA123 function resulted in the induction of AGD2-like defense response protein 1(ALD1),which encodes an enzyme involved in Pip *** of ALD1 resulted in the accumulation of high levels of Pip,which brought about increased levels of the SA receptor protein NPR1 without induction of NPR1 expression or requirement for an increase in SA ***-mediated induction of ALD1 and genes regulating the biosynthesis of SA—CBP60g,SARD1,PAD4,and EDS1—was largely dependent on ***,Pip-mediated increase in NPR1 protein levels was associated with priming of Pip and SA biosynthesis genes to induction by low levels of *** together,our findings expand the role for CAMTA123 in regulating key immunity genes and suggest a working model whereby loss of CAMTA123 repression leads to the induction of plant defense genes and initiation of SAR.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana pipecolic acid salicylic acid plant immunity priming CAMTA transcription factors

The power of a healthy lifestyle for cancer prevention:the example of colorectal cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第11期19卷 1586-1597页

作者： Xuechen Chen Jie Ding Hengjing Li Prudence R.Carr michael Hoffmeister Hermann Brenner Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC 3004Australia German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)and National Center forTumorDiseases(NCT)Heidelberg 69120Germany

Objective:We aimed to directly compare the estimated effects of adherence to a healthy lifestyle with those of risk predisposition according to known genetic variants affecting colorectal cancer(CRC)risk,to support effective risk communication for cancer ***:A healthy lifestyle score(HLS)was derived from 5 lifestyle factors:smoking,alcohol consumption,diet,physical activity,and body *** association of lifestyle and polygenic risk score(PRS)(based on 140 CRC-associated risk loci)with CRC risk was assessed with multiple logistic regression and compared through the genetic risk equivalent(GRE),a novel approach providing an estimate of the effects of adherence to a healthy lifestyle in terms of percentile differences in ***:A higher HLS was associated with lower CRC risk(4,844 cases,3,964 controls).Those adhering to all 5 healthy lifestyle factors had a 62%(95%CI 54%-68%)lower CRC risk than those adhering to≤2 healthy lifestyle *** estimated effect of adherence to all 5 compared with≤2 healthy lifestyle factors was as strong as the effect of having a 79 percentile(GRE 79,95%CI 61-97)lower *** association between a healthy lifestyle and CRC risk was independent of PRS level but was particularly pronounced among those with a family history of CRC in≥1 first-degree relative(P-interaction=0.0013).Conclusions:A healthy lifestyle was strongly inversely associated with CRC *** large GRE indicated that CRC risk determined by polygenic risk may be offset to a substantial extent by adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

关键词： Colorectal cancer healthy lifestyle score polygenic risk score family history genetic risk equivalent

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Glycosylation of N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid equilibrates between systemic acquired resistance response and plant growth

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Molecular Plant 2021年第3期14卷 440-455页

作者： Jianghua Cai Adam Jozwiak Lara Holoidovsky michael MMeijler Sagit Meir Ilana Rogachev Asaph Aharoni Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 761001Israel Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBe’er-Sheva 8410501Israel

N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid(NHP)activates plant systemic acquired resistance(SAR).Enhanced defense responses are typically accompanied by deficiency in plant development and *** of extensive studies on SAR induction,the effects of NHPmetabolismon plant growth remain largely *** this study,we discovered that NHP glycosylation is a critical factor that fine-tunes the tradeoff between SAR defense and plant *** demonstrated that a UDP-glycosyltransferase(UGT76B1)forming NHP glycoside(NHPG)controls the NHP to NHPG ***,the ugt76b1 mutant exhibits enhanced SAR response and an inhibitory effect on plant growth,while UGT76B1 overexpression attenuates SAR response,promotes growth,and delays senescence,indicating that NHP levels are dependent on UGT76B1 function in the course of ***,our results suggested that,upon pathogen attack,UGT76B1-mediated NHP glycosylation forms a‘‘hand brake’’on NHP accumulation by attenuating the positive regulation of NHP biosynthetic pathway genes,highlighting the complexity of SAR-associated *** addition,we showed that UGT76B1-mediated NHP glycosylation in the local site is important for fine-tuning SAR *** results implicate that engineering plant immunity through manipulating the NHP/NHPG ratio is a promising method to balance growth and defense response in crops.

关键词： N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid glycoside UDP-glycosyltransferase glycosylation systemic acquired resistance plant growth

Reinvigorating the Wiener-Hopf technique in the pursuit of understanding processes and materials

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 11-13页

作者： David Abrahams Xun Huang Anastasia Kisil Gennady Mishuris michael Nieves Sergei Rogosin Ilya Spitkovsky IsaacNewtonInstituteforMathematicalSciences CollegeofEngineering PekingUniversity DepartmentofMathematics UniversityofManchester DepartmentofMathematics AberystwythUniversity SchoolofComputingandMathematics KeeleUniversity FacultyofEconomics BelarusianStateUniversity ScienceandMathematics NewYorkUniversityAbuDhabi

The Wiener-Hopf(WH) method was created in 1931, by Norbert Wiener and Eberhard Hopf, to deliver exact solutions to integral equations with convolutiontype kernels on a half-line. It appears that this problem is closely related to that posed by Riemann in 1857 on the problem concerning the construction of a Fuchsian system of differential equations with given singular points and a prescribed monodromy group. This later became known as the 21 st Hilbert problem. The WH method is a powerful and long-standing tool that served as a catalyst in broadening the applicability of Fourier analysis, owing to the essential characteristics of analytic functions. Employing the Fourier transform(FT) to the integral equation leads to a RiemannHilbert(RH) problem on the real axis:

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A Preliminary Study on Anti-Colorectal Cancer Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Aegiceras Corniculatum Extract

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2023年第4期9卷 404-414页

作者： De‑Chao Tan Xiao‑Tao Hou Hua Luo Yi‑Wei Chen Zheng‑Cai Du Jin‑Ling Xie Lin‑Yao Wei Chi-Teng Vong Xiao‑Yan Wen er‑Wei Hao Jia‑Gang Deng Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues NanningChina Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineUniversity of MacaoMacaoChina Sino‑Canada Joint Zebrafish Lab for Chinese Herbal Drug Screening Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina Zebrafish Center for Advanced Drug Discovery Keenan Research Center for Biomedical ScienceLi Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt.Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada

Objective:To study the inhibitory effects on colorectal cancer(CRC)and the underlying mechanism of the petroleum ether extract of Aegiceras corniculatum leaves(PACL).Materials and Methods:The effect of PACL on the proliferation of CRC cell lines DLD-1,HT-29,and SW480was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay and colony-forming *** then,a wound-healing assay was used to measure the migration ability of three CRC *** cell cycle and apoptosis of three CRC cells were measured by PI/RNase staining and annexin V-FITC/double staining,respectively,and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway was studied by the Western *** anti-CRC effect of PACL in vivo was evaluated by HT-29 xenograft zebrafish ***:PACL inhibited cell viability and proliferation in DLD-1,HT-29,and SW480 cells in a dose-and time-dependent *** can inhibit cell migration in DLD-1and SW480 cells but not in the less mobile phenotype cell *** treatment resulted in cell cycle arrest of DLD-1 and HT-29 cells in the G2/M ***,PACL can induce apoptosis in all three CRC cells,which may be achieved by regulating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway mediated by mitochondria and the endoplasmic ***,the tumor sizes were decreased after treatment with PACL and PACL combined with fluorouracil in HT-29 xenograft zebrafish ***:These findings suggested that PACL may exert its anti-CRC effect by inducing apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and show a significant anti-CRC effect in vitro and in vivo,so it might be potentially developed as an anti-CRC agent.

关键词： Aegiceras corniculatum apoptosis cell cycle colorectal cancer zebrafish xenograft

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Understanding the sources and composition of the incremental excess of fine particles across multiple sampling locations in one air shed

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 818-826页

作者： Jerome E.McGinnis Jongbae Heo michael R.Olson Andrew P.Rutter James J.Schauer University of Wisconsin-Madison Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene

Well-designed health studies and the development of effective regulatory policies need to rely on an understanding of the incremental differences in particulate matter concentrations and their sources. Although only a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine spatial differences in sources to particulate matter within an air shed, routine monitoring data can be used to better understand these differences. Measurements from the US EPA Chemical Speciation Network （CSN） collected between 2002-2008 were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of regulatory data across three sites located within 100 km of each other. Trends in concentrations, source contribution, and incremental excesses across three sites were investigated using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. Similar yearly trends in chemical composition were observed across all sites, however, excesses of organic matter and elemental carbon were observed in the urban center that originated from local emissions of mobile sources and biomass buming. Secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate constituted over half of the PM2.5 with no spatial differences observed across sites. For these components, the excess of emissions from industrial sources could be directly quantified. This study demonstrates that CSN data from multiple sites can be successfully used to derive consistent source profiles and source contributions for regional pollution, and that CSN data can be used to quantify incremental differences in source contributions of across these sites. The analysis strategy can be used in other regions of the world to take advantage of existing ambient particulate matter monitoring data to better the understanding of spatial differences in source contributions within a given air shed.

关键词： CSN Incremental Excess PMFPM2.5

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