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Two decades of compositional and structural change in deciduous old-growth forests of Indiana,USA

Journal of Plant ecology 2016年第3期9卷 256-271页

作者： Christy A.Lowney Bradley D.Graham Martin A.Spetich Stephen r.Shifley michael r.Saunders michael A.Jenkins Department of Forestry and Natural resources and Hardwood Tree Improvement and regeneration Center Purdue University715 West State StreetWest Lafayette IN 47907USA Arkansas Forestry Sciences Laboratory USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP.O.Box 1270Hot SpringsAR 71902USA USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station202 ABNR BuildingColumbiaMO 65201USA

Aims Using a network of permanent plots,we determined how multiple old-growth forests changed over an 18-19-year period at a state-wide *** examination of change allowed us to assess how the compositional and structural stability of each forest varied with site characteristics(topography,physiography and productivity)and stochastic *** In 2011,we resampled 150 plots distributed across five old-growth hardwood forests in Indiana,USA that were originally sampled in *** each plot,we relocated and remeasured the diameter at breast height(dbh)of all trees(≥10.0 cm)present during the 1992-1993 sample,which allowed us to track their individual fates through time for growth and mortality *** that grew to≥10.0 cm dbh since plot establishment were designated as *** dbh and species of all saplings(stems≥2.0 cm butere also *** each forest,we calculated density(stems ha^(−1)),basal area(BABA;m^(2)ha^(−1))and importance value(relative density+relative BABA)/2 of trees by *** saplings,density per ha was calculated by species for each *** also calculated annual mortality rate(AMr)for three diameter classes(10-29.9,30-59.9 and≥60 cm)and species richness(S),evenness(e)and Shannon-Weiner diversity(H')for the tree and sapling *** between years were compared for each forest using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank *** FindingsAlthough we observed commonality in changes across some sites,our results suggest that these forests differ in their rates and trajectories of *** in total stand BABA and density varied across sites and were influenced by past disturbance and mortality *** observed a general increase in the overstory dominance of Acer saccharum coupled with a general decrease in the dominance of Quercus section Lobatae(red oak group)*** of overstory trees present in 1992-1993 ranged from 27%to 49%over the study period(mean AM

关键词： forest remnants forest structure long-term data mortality species diversity stand development.

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First experience with intracytoplasmic sperm injection for extreme oligozoospermia associated with Crohn's disease and 6-mercaptopurine chemotherapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第1期5卷 76-78页

作者： e.Scott Sills michael J.Tucker Division of reproductive endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Atlanta Medical Center AtlantaGeorgia 30342USA

Aim: To describe the reproductive outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for male factor infertility associated with Crohn's disease and 6-mercap-topurine (6-MP) chemotherapy. Methods: The male part... 详细信息

ract>Aim: To describe the reproductive outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for male factor infertility associated with Crohn's disease and 6-mercap-topurine (6-MP) chemotherapy. Methods: The male partner of a couple suffered from severe Crohn's disease and received a 3-month course of 6-MP for this condition. Two spontaneous conceptions were established before 6-MP, although post-chemotherapy semen analysis found the sperm concentration to be 8,000/mL. In vitro fertilization (IVF) with ICSI and embryo transfer was performed. results: The woman underwent an uncomplicated controlled ovarian hyperstimulation sequence using a combined rec-FSH+hMG protocol, following late luteal phase pituitary downregulation. This culminated in the retrieval of 18 oocytes, 11 of which were fertilized with ICSI. She later delivered a normal male infant without urogenital anomaly. Four nontransferred blastocysts were cryopreserved. Conclusion: This report describes the first successful birth after ICSI for severe oligozoospermia associated with Crohn's disease and 6-MP therapy. We outline salient features of Crohn's disease, 6-MP pharmacology, and their relevance to human fertility.

关键词： 6-mercaptopurine chemotherapy infertility ICSI

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Growth rates of eucalyptus and other Australian native tree species derived from seven decades of growth monitoring

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Journal of Forestry research 2015年第4期26卷 811-826页

作者： michael r.Ngugi David Doley Mark Cant Daniel B.Botkin ecological Sciences Queensland HerbariumDepartment of ScienceInformation Technology and InnovationQueensland Government Centre for Mined Land rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of Queensland Technical Services Pest ManagementDepartment of National ParksRecreationSport and RacingQueensland Government Department of Biology University of Miami

There is widespread interest in estimating and forecasting individual tree and forest growth rates for restoration and carbon sequestration objectives. Outside intensively managed forests, past attempts have been limited by the lack of accurate long-term monitoring in multi-age mixed native forests to provide estimates of both expected mean diameter increments and the statistical variation in those estimates. A dataset from eucalyptus-dominated native forests in subtropical Queensland, Australia offers an opportunity to provide accurate estimates of tree and forest growth rates. Over 86,400 trees from 155 native species were identified and remeasured between 1936 and 2011 in 641 permanent sample plots across a 500-2000 mm mean annual rainfall gradient. Individual tree diameter at breast height （DBH） increments observed for all species ranged mainly from 0.01 to 0.5 cm yr-1 （94 % of values）, with consistentdifferences between rainfall zones （mean of 500- 2000 mm yr-1）, and varying differences between species （155） and stem diameter class （10-100 cm）. For some spe- cies, diameter increment increased progressively with rain- fall （e.g. eucalyptus siderophloia, eucalyptus propinqua, and Lophostemon confertus）, but in others （e.g. Corymbia citriodora subsp, variegata, Corymbia intermedia, and eucalyptus biturbinata） the greatest diameter increments were recorded between 1200 and 1600 mm yr-1. Where there were sufficient data, most species exhibited a quadratic relationship between DBH increment and DBH class, but two species （ Callitris glaucophylla and eucalyptus crebra） native to the 500-800 mm annual rainfall zone showed lin- ear increases in DBH increment with increasing DBH. Continued monitoring of these plots would add to their already great value.

关键词： Diameter increments ecological restoration Forest management eucalypt forests Natural forests

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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a left-sided gallbladder

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5925-5928页

作者： Mazen e Iskandar Agnes radzio Merab Krikhely I michael Leitman Department of Surgery Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Beth Israel Medical Center

Cholecystectomy is a common *** in the anatomy of the biliary system are common but an abnormal location of the gallbladder is much *** frequent pre-operative imaging,the aberrant location of the gallbladder is commonly discovered at *** article presents a case of a patient with the gallbladder located to the left of the falciform ligament in the absence of situs inversus totalis that presented with right upper quadrant pain.A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and it was noted that the cystic duct originated from the right *** presence of a left sided gall bladder is often associated with various biliary,portal venous and other anomalies that might lead to intra-operative *** spectrum of unusual positions and anatomical gallbladder abnormalities is reviewed in order to facilitate elective and emergent cholecystectomy as well as other hepatobiliary *** proper identification of the anatomy,minimally invasive approaches are still considered safe.

关键词： Left sided gallbladder Laparoscopic chole-cystectomy Sinistroposition of the gallbladder Situs inversus Bile duct anomaly Liver anomalies Portal vein anomaly Liver transplant

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Pancreatic regenerating protein (regⅠ) and regⅠreceptor mrNA are upregulated in rat pancreas after induction of acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4511-4516页

作者： Martin H Bluth Sameer A Patel Brian K Dieckgraefe Hiroshi Okamoto michael e Zenilman Department of Surgery State University of New York-Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUnited States Department of Surgery Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUnited States Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUnited States Department of Biochemistry Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan

AIM： Pancreatic regenerating protein （reg Ⅰ ） stimulates pancreatic regeneration after pancreatectomy and is mitogenic to ductal and 13-cells. This suggests that reg Ⅰand its receptor may play a role in recovery after pancreatic injury. We hypothesized that reg Ⅰ and its receptor are induced in acute pancreatitis. MeTHODS： Acute pancreatitis was induced in male Wistar rats by retrograde injection of 3% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Pancreata and serum were collected 12, 24, and 36 hours after injection and from normal controls （4 rats/group）. reg Ⅰ receptor mrNA, serum reg Ⅰ protein, and tissue reg Ⅰ protein levels were determined by Northern analysis, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay （eLISA）, and Western analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize changes in reg Ⅰ and its receptor. reSULTS： Serum amylase levels and histology confirmed necrotizing pancreatitis in taurocholate treated rats. There was no statistically significant change in serum reg Ⅰ concentrations from controls. However, Western blot demonstrated increased tissue levels of reg Ⅰ at 24 and 36 h. This increase was localized primarily to the acinar cells and the ductal cells by immunohistochemistry. Northern blot demonstrated a significant increase in reg Ⅰ receptor mrNA expression with pancreatitis. Immunohistochemistry localized this increase to the ductal cells, islets, and acinar cells. CONCLUSION： Acute pancreatitis results in increased tissue reg Ⅰ protein levels localized to the acinar and ductal cells, and a parallel threefold induction of reg Ⅰ receptor in the ductal cells, islets, and acinar cells. These changes suggest that induction of reg Ⅰand its receptor may be important for recovery from acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis reg, reg receptor Taurocholate regeneration

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An apple rootstock overexpressing a peach CBF gene alters growth and flowering in the scion but does not impact cold hardiness or dormancy

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Horticulture research 2016年第1期3卷 287-295页

作者： Timothy S Artlip michael e Wisniewski rajeev Arora John L Norelli USDA-ArS Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWVUSA Department of Horticulture Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

The C-repeat binding factor(CBF)transcription factor is involved in responses to low temperature and water deficit in many plant *** of CBF genes leads to enhanced freezing tolerance and growth inhibition in many *** overexpression of a peach CBF(PpCBF1)gene in a transgenic line of own-rooted apple(Malus×domestica)M.26 rootstock(T166)trees was previously reported to have additional effects on the onset of dormancy and time of spring *** the current study,the commercial apple cultivar‘royal Gala’(rG)was grafted onto either non-transgenic M.26 rootstocks(rG/M.26)or transgenic M.26(T166)rootstocks(rG/T166)and field grown for 3 *** PpCBF1 transcript was detected in the phloem or cambium of rG scions grafted on T166 rootstocks indicating that no graft transmission of transgene mrNA had *** contrast to own-rooted T166 trees,no impact of PpCBF1 overexpression in T166 rootstocks was observed on the onset of dormancy,budbreak or non-acclimated leaf-cold hardiness in rG/T166 ***,however,as measured by stem caliper,current-year shoot extension and overall height,was reduced in rG/T166 trees compared with rG/M.26 *** flowering was evident in both rG/T166 and rG/M.26 trees in the second season,the number of trees in flower,the number of shoots bearing flowers,and the number of flower clusters per shoot was significantly higher in rG/M.26 trees than rG/T166 trees in both the second and third year after *** levels of rGL(DeLLA)gene expression were observed in rG/T166 trees and T166 trees,which may play a role in the reduced growth observed in these tree types.A model is presented indicating how CBF overexpression in a rootstock might influence juvenility and flower abundance in a grafted scion.

关键词： impact CBF grafted

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Matrix bound vesicles and mirNA cargoes are bioactive factors within extracellular matrix bioscaffolds

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Neural regeneration research 2017年第10期12卷 1597-1599页

作者： Yolandi van der Merwe Anne e.Faust michael B.Steketee Department of Bioengineering Swanson School of EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA McGowan Institute for regenerative Medicine University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA

Injury to central nervous system （CNS） tissues in adult mam- mals often leads to neuronal loss, scarring, and permanently lost neurologic functions, and this default healing response is increasingly linked to a pro-inflammatory innate immune response. extracellular matrix （eCM） technology can reduce inflammation, while increasing functional tissue remodeling in various tissues and organs, including the CNS.

关键词： eCM UBM MBV Matrix bound vesicles and mirNA cargoes are bioactive factors within extracellular matrix bioscaffolds

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Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第14期14卷 2142-2161页

作者： Kareena L Schnabl John e Van Aerde Alan Br Thomson michael T Clandinin Nutrition and Metabolism research Groups Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.

关键词： Necrotizing enterocolitis Diagnosis Pathogenesis Prevention Disease models Vasoactive/ inflammatory mediators

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Male-killer dynamics in the tropical butterfly, Acraea encedana （Lepidoptera： Nymphalidae）

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 717-722页

作者： Sami Saeed M. Hassan eihab Idris michael e. N. Majerus Department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Hail Hail Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of Khartoum P.O. Box 321 Khartoum 11115 Sudan Department of Genetics University of Cambridge Deceased Department of Genetics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EH United Kingdom

Sex ratio distortion in the tropical butterfly Acraea encedana is caused by infection with a male-killing bacterium of the genus Wolbachia. Previous research on this species has reported extreme female bias, high bacterial prevalences, and full sex role reversal. In this paper, we provide an assessment for the dynamics of the male-killer, based on a survey for sex ratios and Wolbachia prevalences among wild populations of A. encedana in Uganda. The study reveals that Wolbachia infection showed considerable variation over both spatial and temporal scales.

关键词： female bias PCr population dynamics prevalence Wolbachia Uganda

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Current state of laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第28期21卷 8670-8677页

作者： Francis J DeAsis Brittany Lapin Matthew e Gitelis michael B Ujiki Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Surgery North Shore University Health System

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic approaches for parastomal hernia repair reported in the ***:A systematic review of PubMed and MeDLINe databases was conducted using various combination of the following keywords:stoma repair,laparoscopic,parastomal,and *** reports,studies with less than 5 patients,and articles not written in english were *** studies were further scrutinized with the 2011 levels of evidence from the Oxford Centre for evidence-Based *** authors reviewed and analyzed each *** there was any discrepancy between scores,the study in question was referred to another author.A meta-analysis was performed using both random and fixed-effect *** bias was evaluated using Begg's funnel plot and egger's regression *** primary outcome analyzed was recurrence of parastomal *** outcomes were mesh infection,surgical site infection,obstruction requiring reoperation,death,and other *** were grouped by operative technique where *** for recurrence,most postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort and not by approach so they were analyzed across ***:Fifteen articles with a total of 469 patients were deemed eligible for *** postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort,and not by *** overall postoperative morbidity rate was 1.8%(95%CI:0.8-3.2),and there was no difference between *** most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection,which was seen in 3.8%(95%CI:2.3-5.7).Infected mesh was observed in 1.7%(95%CI:0.7-3.1),and obstruction requiring reoperation also occurred in 1.7%(95%CI:0.7-3.0).Other complications such as ileus,pneumonia,or urinary tract infection were noted in16.6%(95%CI:11.9-22.1).eighty-one recurrences were reported overall for a recurrence rate of 17.4%(95%CI:9.5-26.9).The recurrence rate was 10.2%(95%CI:3.9-19.0) for the modif

关键词： Parastomal Hernia Laparoscopic repair Treatment Sugarbaker Keyhole Sandwich Ileostomy Colostomy

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