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Relationships between regulated dBPs and emerging dBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 161-172页

作者： Stuart W.Krasner Ai Jia Chih-Fen T.Lee Raha Shirkhani Joshua M.Allen Susan d.Richardson michael J.Plewa Metropolitan Water district of Southern California Water Quality LaboratoryCA 91750USA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaSC 29208USA department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA

A survey was conducted at eight U.S. drinking water plants, that spanned a wide range of water qualities and treatment/disinfection practices. Plants that treated heavily-wastewaterimpacted source waters had lower trihalomethane to dihaloacetonitrile ratios due to the presence of more organic nitrogen and HAN precursors. As the bromide to total organic carbon ratio increased, there was more bromine incorporation into dBPs. This has been shown in other studies for THMs and selected emerging dBPs(HANs), whereas this study examined bromine incorporation for a wider group of emerging dBPs(haloacetaldehydes, halonitromethanes). Moreover, bromine incorporation into the emerging dBPs was, in general, similar to that of the THMs. Epidemiology studies that show an association between adverse health effects and brominated THMs may be due to the formation of brominated emerging dBPs of heath concern. Plants with higher free chlorine contact times before ammonia addition to form chloramines had less iodinated dBP formation in chloraminated distribution systems, where there was more oxidation of the iodide to iodate(a sink for the iodide) by the chlorine. This has been shown in many bench-scale studies(primarily for iodinated THMs), but seldom in full-scale studies(where this study also showed the impact on total organic iodine. Collectively, the THMs, haloacetic acids, and emerging dBPs accounted for a significant portion of the TOCl, TOBr, and TOI;however, ~50% of the TOCl and TOBr is still unknown. The correlation of the sum of detected dBPs with the TOCl and TOBr suggests that they can be used as reliable surrogates.

关键词： disinfection by-products Total organic bromine Total organic iodine Trihalomethanes Haloacetonitriles Haloacetaldehydes Iodo-trihalomethanes Iodoacetic acids

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Multimode vibrational strong coupling in direct laser written mid-IR plasmonic MIM nano-patch antennas

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Photonics Research 2023年第12期11卷 2136-2148页

作者： NICHOLAS V.PROSCIA michael A.MEEKER NICHOLAS SHARAC FRANK K.PERKINS CHASE T.ELLIS PAUL d.CUNNINGHAM JOSEPH G.TISCHLER NRC Postdoc residing at U.S.Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonD.C.20375USA U.S.Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonD.C.20375USA Current address:Rigetti Computing FreemontCalifornia 94538USA Current address:Homer L.dodge department of Physics and Astronomy The University of OklahomaNormanOklahoma 73019USA

Strong coupling of mid-infrared(mid-IR)vibrational transitions to optical cavities provides a means to modify and control a material’s chemical reactivity and offers a foundation for novel chemical detection ***,the relatively large volumes of the mid-IR photonic cavities and weak oscillator strengths of vibrational transitions restrict vibrational strong coupling(VSC)studies and devices to large ensembles of molecules,thus representing a potential limitation of this nascent ***,we experimentally and theoretically investigate the mid-IR optical properties of 3d-printed multimode metal-insulator-metal(MIM)plasmonic nanoscale cavities for enabling strong light-matter interactions at a deep subwavelength *** observe strong vibration-plasmon coupling between the two dipolar modes of the L-shaped cavity and the carbonyl stretch vibrational transition of the polymer *** cavity mode volume is half the size of a typical square-shaped MIM geometry,thus enabling a reduction in the number of vibrational oscillators to achieve strong *** resulting three polariton modes are well described by a fully coupled multimode oscillator model where all coupling potentials are *** 3d printing technique of the cavities is a highly accessible and versatile means of printing arbitrarily shaped submicron-sized mid-IR plasmonic cavities capable of producing strong light–matter interactions for a variety of photonic or photochemical ***,similar MIM structures fabricated with nanoscopic voids within the insulator region could constitute a promising microfluidic plasmonic cavity device platform for applications in chemical sensing or photochemistry.

关键词： coupling vibrational shaped

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Optimization of enhanced weathering networks with alternative transportation modes

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第2期5卷 167-176页

作者： Raymond R.Tan Beatriz A.Belmonte michael Francis d.Benjamin Viknesh Andiappan Kathleen B.Aviso department of Chemical Engineering De La Salle University2401 Taft Avenue0922 ManilaPhilippines Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences/department of Chemical Engineering University of Santo TomasEspana Blvd.1015 ManilaPhilippines School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Malaysia62200PutrajayaWilayah Persekutuan PutrajayaMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Computing and ScienceSwinburne University of TechnologyJalan Simpang Tiga93350KuchingSarawakMalaysia

Enhanced weathering of alkaline rocks and minerals is a negative emissions technology (NET) that is potentiallyscalable to deliver gigaton-level carbon dioxide removal (CdR) for climate change mitigation. This techniquerelies on the acceleration of naturally occurring weathering reactions with water and carbon dioxide by reducingthese substances into a fine powder with high specific surface area. The ex situ enhanced weathering processchain consists of the acquisition of suitable natural or synthetic materials, grinding to a fine particle size,transportation, and application on suitable sites. Future enhanced weathering systems can be envisioned assupply chain-like networks which have to be optimized to deliver maximum CdR given physical *** is a notable research gap in the literature on decision support for such systems. To address this gap, amixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed in this work to optimize enhanced weatheringnetworks for CdR. The model also incorporates the availability of multiple transportation options and constraintson network topology. Two test cases are used to demonstrate the model capability to determine optimal andnear-optimal networks. The top ten solutions in these two scenarios yield total CdR levels of 3.4316–3.4363 Mtand 15.27017–15.27960 Mt.

关键词： Process integration Optimization Mathematical programming Carbon drawdown Carbon management network decarbonization

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Human allograft rejection in humanized mice： a historica perspective

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 225-231页

作者： michael A Brehm Leonard d Shultz Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor M_E usA

Basic research in transplantation immunology has relied primarily on rodent models. Experimentation with rodents has laid the foundation for our basic understanding of the biological events that precipitate rejection of non-self or allogeneic tissue transplants and supported the development of novel strategies to specifically suppress allogeneic immune responses, However, translation of these studies to the clinic has met with limited success, emphasizing the need for new models that focus on human immune responses to allogeneic tissues. Humanized mouse models are an exciting alternative that permits investigation of the rejection of human tissues mediated by human immune cells without putting patients at risk. However, the use of humanized mice is complicated by a diversity of protocols and approaches, including the large number of immunodeficient mouse strains available, the choice of tissue to transplant and the specific human immune cell populations that can be engrafted. Here, we present a historical perspective on the study of allograft rejection in humanized mice and discuss the use of these novel model systems in transplant biology.

关键词： transplantation immunodeficient mice human

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Fast prediction of indoor airflow distribution inspired by synthetic image generation artificial intelligence

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1219-1238页

作者： Cary A.Faulkner dominik S.Jankowski John E.Castellini Jr Wangda Zuo Philipp Epple michael d.Sohn Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari Walid Saad department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA HySON Institut SonnebergGermany department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA department of Mechanical Engineering Coburg University of Applied SciencesCoburgGermany Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechArlingtonVAUSA

Prediction of indoor airflow distribution often relies on high-fidelity,computationally intensive computational fluid dynamics(CFd)*** intelligence(Al)models trained by CFd data can be used for fast and accurate prediction of indoor airflow,but current methods have limitations,such as only predicting limited outputs rather than the entire flow ***,conventional Al models are not always designed to predict different outputs based on a continuous input range,and instead make predictions for one or a few discrete *** work addresses these gaps using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)model approach,which is inspired by current state-of-the-art Al for synthetic image *** create a new Boundary Condition CGAN(BC-CGAN)model by extending the original CGAN model to generate 2d airflow distribution images based on a continuous input parameter,such as a boundary ***,we design a novel feature-driven algorithm to strategically generate training data,with the goal of minimizing the amount of computationally expensive data while ensuring training quality of the Al *** BC-CGAN model is evaluated for two benchmark airflow cases:an isothermal lid-driven cavity flow and a non-isothermal mixed convection flow with a heated *** also investigate the performance of the BC-CGAN models when training is stopped based on different levels of validation error *** results show that the trained BC-CGAN model can predict the 2d distribution of velocity and temperature with less than 5%relative error and up to about 75,ooo times faster when compared to reference CFd *** proposed feature-driven algorithm shows potential for reducing the amount of data and epochs required to train the Al models while maintaining prediction accuracy,particularly when the flow changes non-linearlywith respectto an input.

关键词： artificial intelligence indoor airflow conditional generative adversarial network computational fluid dynamics

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Three-Year Consecutive Field Application of Erythromycin Fermentation Residue Following Hydrothermal Treatment:Cumulative Effect on Soil Antibiotic Resistance Genes

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 78-88页

作者： Ziming Han Haodi Feng Xiao Luan Yunpeng Shen Liren Ren Liujie deng d.G.Joakim Larsson michael Gillings Yu Zhang Min Yang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Antibiotic Residues Khorgos 835007China Institute for Biomedicine&the Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research University of GothenburgGoteborg SE-41346Sweden Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

Fermentation-based antibiotic production results in abundant nutrient-rich fermentation residue with high potential for recycling,but the high antibiotic residual concentration restricts its usefulness(e.g.,in land application as organic fertilizer).In this study,an industrial-scale hydrothermal facility for the treatment of erythromycin fermentation residue(EFR)was investigated,and the potential risk of the long-term soil application of treated EFR promoting environmental antibiotic resistance development was *** treatment effectively removed bacteria and their dNA,and an erythromycin removal ratio of up to approximately 98%was *** treated EFR was utilized as organic fertilizer for consecutive field applications from 2018 to 2020,with dosages ranging from 3750 to 15000 kg·hm^(-2),resulting in subinhibitory levels of erythromycin(ranging from 0.83-76.00μg·kg^(-1))in *** shotgun sequencing was then used to characterize the antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),mobile genetic elements(MGEs),and bacterial community composition of the *** soil ARG abundance and diversity did not respond to the treated EFR application in the first year,but gradually changed in the second and third year of *** highest fold change in relative abundance of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin(MLS)and total ARGs were 12.59 and 2.75 times,compared with the control(CK;without application),*** soil MGEs and taxonomic composition showed similar temporal trends to those of the ARGs,and appeared to assist in driving increasing ARG proliferation,as revealed by correlation analysis and structural equation models(SEMs).The relative abundance of particular erm resistance genes(RNA methyltransferase genes)increased significantly in the third year of treated EFR *** close association of erm with MGEs suggested that horizontal gene transfer played a critical role in the observed erm gene *** binning results demonstr

关键词： Pharmaceutical manufacturing Resistome Antibiotic Risk assessment Remediation Land application

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diet medication and beta-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble betaglucan molecular weight,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis vaccinated broiler chickens given wheatbased diets

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 288-296页

作者： Namalika d.Karunaratne Henry L.Classen Andrew Gvan Kessel michael R.Bedford Nancy P.Ames Rex W.Newkirk department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N5A8Canada AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada WinnipegR3T 2E1ManitobaCanada

Exogenous enzymes as alternatives to feed antibiotics in poultry has become an emerging research area with the emergence of antibiotic *** objective was to evaluate the effects of diet medication(antibiotics)andβ-glucanase(BGase)on digesta solubleβ-glucan depolymerization,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets.A total of 1,782 broilers were raised on litter floor pens,and each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of the9 *** 3 dietary treatments were based on wheat as the sole grain(control,control+medication and control+0.1%BGase),and the birds were fed the respective treatments ad libitum from 0 to 33 *** were arranged in a randomized complete block design and analyzed as a one-way ***-glucanase reduced the peak molecular weight,weight average molecular weight(Mw)and maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)in ileal digesta at d 11and 33,whereas diet medication reduced Mw and MW-10%at d 33 compared to the control(Pd medication reduced the ileal viscosity at d 11 compared to the control(P=0.010).Ileal propionic acid concentration at d 11 and caecal total SCFA,acetic,and butyric acid concentrations at d 33 were lower in the BGase-supplemented diet than in the control(Pdded diet had higher duodenal p H compared to the control at d 33(P=0.026).The effect of medication on carbohydrate fermentation was *** medication increased weight gain after d 11,whereas BGase increased the gain for the total trial period compared to the control(Pd intake was not affected by the dietary *** and BGase improved feed efficiency after d 11 compared to the control(Pdiet medication was larger than BGase,considering weight gain and feed efficiency after d 11(Pdiet medication and BGase depolymerized high molecular weight ileal solubleβ-g

关键词： Beta-glucan Prebiotic Non-starch polysaccharide Soluble fiber Feed antibiotic

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Lesion-symptom mapping with NIHSS sub-scores in ischemic stroke patients

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 124-131页

作者： deepthi Rajashekar Matthias Wilms M Ethan Macdonald Serena Schimert michael d Hill Andrew demchuk Mayank Goyal Sean P dukelow Nils daniel Forkert Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Hotchkiss Brain InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada department of Radiology Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada department of Medicine Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada

Background Lesion-symptom mapping(LSM)is a statistical technique to investigate the population-specific relationship between structural integrity and post-stroke clinical *** clinical practice,patients are commonly evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),an 11-domain clinical score to quantitate neurological deficits due to *** far,LSM studies have mostly used the total NIHSS score for analysis,which might not uncover subtle structure–function relationships associated with the specific sub-domains of the NIHSS ***,the aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility to perform LSM analyses with sub-score information to reveal category-specific structure–function relationships that a total score may not *** Employing a multivariate technique,LSM analyses were conducted using a sample of 180 patients with NIHSS assessment at 48-hour post-stroke from the ESCAPE *** NIHSS domains were grouped into six categories using two *** was conducted for each category of the two groupings and the total NIHSS *** Sub-score LSMs not only identify most of the brain regions that are identified as critical by the total NIHSS score but also reveal additional brain regions critical to each function category of the NIHSS assessment without requiring extensive,specialised *** These findings show that widely available sub-scores of clinical outcome assessments can be used to investigate more specific structure–function relationships,which may improve predictive modelling of stroke outcomes in the context of modern clinical stroke assessments and neuroimaging.

关键词： patients score category

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Variables separated equations:Strikingly different roles for the Branch Cycle Lemma and the finite simple group classification

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第1期55卷 1-72页

作者： FRIEd michael d. department of Mathematics University of California at Irvine

davenport's Problem asks:What can we expect of two polynomials,over Z,with the same ranges on almost all residue class fields? This stood out among many separated variable problems posed by davenport,Lewis and *** bounding the degrees,but expanding the maps and variables in davenport's Problem,Galois stratification enhanced the separated variable theme,solving an Ax and Kochen problem from their Artin Conjecture *** and Loeser applied this to add Chow motive coefficients to previously introduced zeta functions on a diophantine *** restricting the variables,but leaving the degrees unbounded,we found the striking distinction between davenport's problem over Q,solved by applying the Branch Cycle Lemma,and its generalization over any number field,solved by using the simple group *** encouraged Thompson to formulate the genus 0 problem on rational function monodromy *** and Thompson led its solution in *** look at two developments since the solution of davenport's *** from MacCluer's 1967 thesis,identifying a general class of problems,including davenport's,as monodromy precise.R(iemann)E(xistence)T(heorem)'s role as a converse to problems generalizing davenport's,and Schinzel's (on reducibility).We use these to consider:Going beyond the simple group classification to handle imprimitive groups,and what is the role of covers and correspondences in going from algebraic equations to zeta functions with Chow motive coefficients.

关键词：分类处理变量分离方程有限单群引理周期 zeta函数剩余类域分离变量

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The sugar-free paradox:cardiometabolic consequences of erythritol

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第7期8卷 3200-3202页

作者： Kalliopi Pafili michael Roden department of Endocrinology and diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf40225 DüsseldorfGermany German Center for diabetes Research Partner Düsseldorf85764 München-NeuherbergGermany Institute for Clinical diabetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf40225 DüsseldorfGermany

In a recent study published in Nature Medicine,Witkowski and colleagues applied untargeted metabolomics studies in 1157 people at high risk for cardiovascular disease,comprising 22%with diabetes mellitus,followed by q... 详细信息

关键词： cardiovascular targeted Medicine

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