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dryland agriculture and rangeland restoration priorities in Afghanistan

Journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： michael J JACOBS Catherine A SCHLOEdER Philip d TANIMOTO Texas Agri Life Research Department of Ecosystem Science & Management2138TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Oikos Services LLCFortineMT 59918USA Conservation Imaging Inc.AuburndaleMassachusetts 02466USA

Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland *** data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland *** this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture *** limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock *** extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation *** total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native *** was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,Badghis,Faryab,Jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and Badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in *** MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the *** this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration *** projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming *** consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming *** of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing area

关键词： degradation climatic trends extensive livestock production dryland agriculture rangeland restoration

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Clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors-where do we stand in 2012?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第18期18卷 2161-2171页

作者： michael d drepper Laurent Spahr Jean Louis Frossard division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineGeneva University Hospital14 Geneva CH-1211Switzerland

Clopidogrel in association with aspirine is considered state of the art of medical treatment for acute coronary syndrome by reducing the risk of new ischemic *** treatment with proton pump inhibitors in order to prevent gastrointestinal side effects is recommended by clinical *** needs metabolic activation predominantly by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzyme Cytochrome 2C19(CYP2C19) and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) are extensively metabolized by the CYP2C19 isoenzyme as *** pharmacodynamic studies investigating a potential clopidogrel-PPI interaction found a significant decrease of the clopidogrel platelet antiaggregation effect for omeprazole,but not for *** clinical cohort studies in 2009 reported an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events,when under clopidogrel and PPI treatment at the same *** observations led the United States Food and drug Administration and the European Medecines Agency to discourage the combination of clopidogrel and PPI(especially omeprazole) in the same *** contrast,more recent retrospective cohort studies including propensity score matching and the only existing randomized trial have not shown any difference concerning adverse cardiovascular events when concomitantly on clopidogrel and PPI or only on *** meta-analyses report an inverse correlation between clopidogrel-PPI interaction and study quality,with high and moderate quality studies not reporting any association,rising concern about unmeasured confounders biasing the low quality ***,no definite evidence exists for an effect on *** PPI induced risk reduction clearly overweighs the possible adverse cardiovascular risk in patients with high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding,combination of clopidogrel with the less CYP2C19 inhibiting pantoprazole should be recommended.

关键词：质子泵抑制剂氯吡格雷 CYP2C19基因细胞色素P450 心血管疾病急性冠脉综合征代谢活化奥美拉唑

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The Role of RNA Structure in Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第10期39卷 535-543页

作者： Elina Jacobs James d.Mills michael Janitz College of Science and Engineering University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JRUnited Kingdom School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

As more information is gathered on the mechanisms of transcription and translation, it is becoming apparent that these processes are highly regulated. The formation of mRNA secondary and tertiary structures is one such regulatory process that until recently it has not been analysed in depth. Formation of these mRNA structures has the potential to enhance and inhibit alternative splicing of transcripts, and regulate rates and amount of translation. As this regulatory mechanism potentially impacts at both the transcriptional and translational level, while also potentially utilising the vast array of non-coding RNAs, it warrants further investigation. Currently, a variety of high- throughput sequencing techniques including parallel analysis of RNA structure （PARS）, fragmentation sequencing （FragSeq） and selective 2-hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension （SHAPE） lead the way in the genome-wide identification and analysis of mRNA structure formation. These new sequencing techniques highlight the diversity and complexity of the transcriptome, and demonstrate another regulatory mechanism that could become a target for new therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Transcriptome mRNA structure Parallel analysis of RNA structure Fragmentation sequencing PARS FragSeq SHAPE-Seq

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Stress Waves in Polymeric Fluids

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2022年第1期12卷 87-118页

作者： Karan S. Surana michael d. Kitchen Mechanical Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA

This paper demonstrates the existence, propagation, transmission, reflection, and interaction of deviatoric stress waves in polymeric fluids for which the mathematical models are derived using conservation and balance laws (CBL) of Classical Continuum Mechanics (CCM) and the constitutive theories are based on the entropy inequality and representation theorem. The physical mechanisms of deformation in polymeric liquids that enable the stress wave physics are identified and are demonstrated to be valid using Maxwell, Oldroyd-B, and Giesekus polymeric fluids, and are illustrated using model problem studies. We assume polymeric fluids to be isotropic and homogeneous at the macro scale so that the CBL of the CCM can be used to derive their mathematical models. For simplicity, we assume the polymeric fluids to be incompressible in the present work.

关键词： Classical Continuum Theory Viscoelastic Fluids Polymeric Liquids Stress Waves Memory Rheology

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Effects of temperature and SO_3 on re-emission of mercury from activated carbon under flue gas conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 67-73页

作者： michael Royko Benjamin Galloway Noah d.Meeks Bihter Padak department of Chemical Engineering University of South Carolina Southern Company Services Inc.600 18th Street North

Mercury(Hg) is a toxic and bio-accumulating heavy metal that is predominantly released via the combustion of coal. due to its toxicity, the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)has introduced Mercury and Air Toxics Standards(MATS) Rule regarding allowable Hg emissions. In order to reduce emissions, power plants have widely adopted activated carbon(AC) injection. AC injection has proven to be an effective method to reduce Hg emissions, but the re-emission of previously adsorbed Hg during unit operation, likely due to changing temperature or flue gas composition, could be problematic. This study specifically examined the effects of temperature and sulfur trioxide(SO3) concentration,by ramping temperature and SO3 concentration independently and simultaneously, on AC samples that are already exposed to flue gas and saturated in presence of Hg, sulfur dioxide(SO2) and nitric oxide(NO). Of these two suspected factors to cause re-emission,temperature had the greater impact and resulted in re-emission of both elemental and oxidized Hg with a greater fraction of oxidized Hg, which can be attributed to elemental Hg being more strongly bonded to the AC surface. Surprisingly, exposing the samples to increasing concentrations of SO3 had nearly no effect under the conditions examined in this study, possibly as a result of the samples being already saturated with sulfur prior to the SO3 ramp tests to simulate transient conditions in the plant.

关键词： Mercury re-emission Sulfur trioxide Activated carbon

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Cobalt-embedded 3d conductive honeycomb architecture to enable high-sulphur-loading Li-S batteries under lean electrolyte conditions

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Nano Research 2022年第9期15卷 8091-8100页

作者： Hui Pan Zhibin Cheng Jan Fransaer Jiangshui Luo michael Wübbenhorst Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics Department of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China department of Materials Engineering KU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium Lab of Electrolytes and Phase Change Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

High sulphur loading and lean electrolyte conditions are important to achieve the high theoretical energy density of lithiumsulphur(Li-S)***,serious problems such as low sulphur utilization and fast capacity fade are typically experienced under low electrolyte/sulphur(E/S)ratios and high sulphur loading *** address these issues,a cobaltcontaining three-dimensional conductive honeycomb(Co@N-HPC)is proposed in this work as a material for sulphur *** good electrical conductivity and high density of catalytic sites of(Co@N-HPC)allow fast redox kinetics of lithium polysulfide(LiPS)in high-sulphur-loading *** addition,the hierarchical structure and good wettability by the electrolyte of Co@NHPC facilitates electrolyte penetration and LiPS conversion,leading to a high utilization of sulphur under lean electrolyte ***,at a current density of 0.2 C,a volumetric capacity of 1,410 mAh·cm^(−3)was attained with a sulphur loading of 5.1 mg·cm^(−2)and an E/S ratio of 5μL·mg^(−1).This work provides ideas for the development of lean electrolyte Li-S batteries with a high sulphur loading.

关键词： honeycomb architecture cobalt nanoparticles high sulphur loading lean electrolyte lithium-sulphur battery

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The role of retinoic acid in the commitment to meiosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 549-554页

作者： Rachel L Gewiss M Christine Schleif michael d Griswold School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Male meiosis is a complex process whereby spermatocytes undergo cell division to form haploid *** review focuses on the role of retinoic acid(RA)in meiosis,as well as several processes regulated by RA before cell entry into meiosis that are critical for proper meiotic entry and ***,we discuss RA metabolism in the testis as well as the roles of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8(STRA8)and MEIOSIN,which are responsive to RA and are critical for *** assert that transcriptional regulation in the spermatogonia is critical for successful meiosis.

关键词： meiosis retinoic acid spermatogenesis testis

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Crystallization and impact history of a meteoritic sample of early lunar crust(NWA 3163)refined by atom probe geochronology

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1841-1848页

作者： L.F. White d.E. Moser K.T. Tait B. Langelier I. barker J.R. darling Centre for Applied Planetary Mineralogy Department of Natural HistoryRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioM5S 2C6Canada department of Earth Sciences University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B1Canada department of Earth Sciences University of Western OntarioLondonN6A 5B7Canada Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada School of Earth and Environmental Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK

Granulitic lunar meteorites offer rare insights into the timing and nature of igneous,metamorphic and impact processes in the lunar *** dating the different events recorded by these materials is very challenging,however,due to low trace element abundances (***,Nd,Lu,Hf),rare micrometerscale U-Th-bearing accessory minerals,and disturbed Ar-Ar systematics following a multi-stage history of shock and thermal *** we report on micro-baddeleyite grains in granulitic mafic breccia NWA 3163 for the first time and show that targeted microstructural analysis (electron backscatter diffraction) and nanoscale geochronology (atom probe tomography) can overcome these barriers to lunar chronology.A twinned (-90°/) baddeleyite domain yields a 232Th/208Pb age of 4328 ± 309 Ma,which overlaps with a robust secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) 207Pb/206Pb age of 4308± 18.6 Ma and is interpreted here as the crystallization age for the igneous protolith of NWA 3163.A second microstructural domain,dth,contains patchy overprinting baddeleyite and yields a Th-Pb age of 2175± 143 Ma,interpreted as dating the last substantial impact event to affect the *** finding demonstrates the potential of combining microstructural characterization with nanoscale geochronology when resolving complex P-T-t histories in planetary materials,here yielding the oldest measured crystallization age for components of lunar granulite NWA 3163 and placing further constraints on the formation and evolution of lunar crust.

关键词： Baddeleyite U-Th-Pb isotopes EBSd Atom probe tomography Geochronology Northwest Africa 3163

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种植密度和品种对北疆机采棉营养器官形态结构及产量的影响

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棉花学报 2024年第3期36卷 194-210页

作者：宋延鸿阿依古再丽·玉苏普王雪姣赵鸣泽布阿依姆·阿布都热依木张立祯李杰巴特尔·巴克孙帅火勋国新疆农业大学资源与环境学院乌鲁木齐830052 新疆农业气象台乌鲁木齐830002 乌兰乌苏生态与农业气象新疆野外科学观测研究站新疆石河子832000 中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100083 国家棉花工程技术研究中心乌鲁木齐830091 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所乌鲁木齐830002

【目的】探究种植密度和品种对北疆机采棉营养器官形态结构及产量的影响。【方法】分别于2022年、2023年在乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站、玛纳斯农业试验站进行大田试验,选取2个棉花品种——中棉所127(V1)和欣试518(V2),设计3个种植密度分别... 详细信息

【目的】探究种植密度和品种对北疆机采棉营养器官形态结构及产量的影响。【方法】分别于2022年、2023年在乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站、玛纳斯农业试验站进行大田试验,选取2个棉花品种——中棉所127(V1)和欣试518(V2),设计3个种植密度分别为11株·m^(-2)(d1)、22株·m^(-2)(d2)和28株·m^(-2)(d3)。比较不同处理对棉花主茎与果枝的叶长、叶柄长、叶柄直径、节间长和节间直径以及产量性状的影响。【结果】2022年和2023年V1分别在d1和d2处理下的主茎和果枝的叶长、叶柄长以及节间长最小。2022年V2在d3处理下的主茎和果枝的叶长、叶柄长、叶柄直径及节间长均最小;2023年V2在d3处理下的主茎和果枝的叶柄长及节间直径最小。2022年在同一密度下,主茎和果枝的叶长及节间长均表现为V1≥V2;2023年在同一密度下,V1和V2的主茎和果枝的叶长、节间长和节间直径均无显著差异。2022年和2023年在同一密度下,V2的衣分均显著高于V1。2022年2个品种以及2023年V2的籽棉产量和皮棉产量均随种植密度的增大而增加。V1d3处理的籽棉产量在2022年最高,在2023年也较高;V2d3处理的皮棉产量在2年试验中均最高。【结论】本试验条件下较优的种植密度为28株·m^(-2),欣试518的皮棉产量更高。本研究结果可为完善CottonXL棉花功能结构模型提供数据支撑,为北疆机采棉适宜品种、密度的选择提供参考。

关键词：机采棉种植密度品种形态结构株型产量

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Primary gastric non-Hodgkin lymphomas:Recent advances regarding disease pathogenesis and treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第35期27卷 5932-5945页

作者： michael d diamantidis Maria Papaioannou Evdoxia Hatjiharissi department of Hematology Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease UnitGeneral Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41221ThessalyGreece division of Hematology First Department of Internal MedicineAHEPA General HospitalAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54636Greece

Primary gastric lymphomas(PGLs)are distinct lymphoproliferative neoplasms described as heterogeneous entities clinically and *** main histological types are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(dLBCL)or mucosaassociated lymphoma *** has been one of the main fields of clinical research of our group in recent *** gastric dLBCLs are frequent,sufficient data to guide optimal care are *** today,a multidisciplinary approach has been applied,including chemotherapy,surgery,radiotherapy or a combination of these *** this minireview article,we provide an overview of the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and staging of these diseases,along with their molecular pathogenesis and the most important related clinical published *** then discuss the scientific gaps,perils and pitfalls that exist regarding the aforementioned studies,in parallel with the unmet need for future research and comment on the proper methodology for such retrospective *** to fill this gap,we retrospectively evaluated the trends in clinical presentation,management and outcome among 165 patients with dLBCL PGL who were seen in our institutions in *** study cohort was divided into two subgroups,comparing the main 2 therapeutic options[cyclophosphamide doxorubicin vincristine prednisone(CHOP)vs rituximab-CHOP(R-CHOP)].A better outcome with immunochemotherapy(R-CHOP)was *** the next 2 mo,we will present the update of our study with the same basic conclusion.

关键词： Primary gastric lymphoma Extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Immunochemotherapy Rituximab-cyclophosphamide doxorubicin vincristine prednisone

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