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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2003年第1期1卷 52-57页

作者： michael G.Walker Incyte Genomics Inc. CA 94087 USA

It is standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search databases for genes that have a similar sequence. It is not standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search for genes that have similar expression (co-expression). Failure to perform co-expression searches has lead to inco.rect conclusions about the likely function of new genes, and has lead to wasted laboratory attempts to confirm functions inco.rectly predicted. We present here the example of Glia Maturation Factor gamma (GMF-gamma). Despite its name, it has not been shown to participate in glia maturation. It is a gene of unknown function that is similar in sequence to GMF-beta. The sequence homology and chromosomal location led to an unsuccessful search for GMF-gamma mutations in glioma. We examined GMF-gamma expression in 1432 human cDNA libraries. Highest expression occurs in phagocytic, antigen-presenting and other hematopoietic cells. We found GMF-gamma mrNA in almost every tissue examined, with expression in nervous tissue no higher than in any other tissue. Our evidence indicates that GMF-gamma participates in phagocytosis in antigen presenting cells. Searches for genes with similar sequences should be supplemented with searches for genes with similar expression to avoid inco.rect predictions.

关键词： gene function prediction expression analysis sequence analysis GMF-gamma

cobalt-embedded 3D conductive honeycomb architecture to enable high-sulphur-loading Li-S batteries under lean electrolyte conditions

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Nano research 2022年第9期15卷 8091-8100页

作者： Hui Pan Zhibin Cheng Jan Fransaer Jiangshui Luo michael Wübbenhorst Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics Department of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007China Department of Materials Engineering KU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium Lab of Electrolytes and Phase Change Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

High sulphur loading and lean electrolyte conditions are important to achieve the high theoretical energy density of lithiumsulphur(Li-S)***,serious problems such as low sulphur utilization and fast capacity fade are typically experienced under low electrolyte/sulphur(E/S)ratios and high sulphur loading *** address these issues,a cobaltcontaining three-dimensional conductive honeycomb(co@N-HPC)is proposed in this work as a material for sulphur *** good electrical conductivity and high density of catalytic sites of(co@N-HPC)allow fast redox kinetics of lithium polysulfide(LiPS)in high-sulphur-loading *** addition,the hierarchical structure and good wettability by the electrolyte of co@NHPC facilitates electrolyte penetration and LiPS conversion,leading to a high utilization of sulphur under lean electrolyte ***,at a current density of 0.2 C,a volumetric capacity of 1,410 mAh·cm^(−3)was attained with a sulphur loading of 5.1 mg·cm^(−2)and an E/S ratio of 5μL·mg^(−1).This work provides ideas for the development of lean electrolyte Li-S batteries with a high sulphur loading.

关键词： honeycomb architecture cobalt nanoparticles high sulphur loading lean electrolyte lithium-sulphur battery

Hepatocellular carcinoma in African Blacks: recent progress in etiology and pathogenesis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2010年第2期2卷 65-73页

作者： michael C Kew Department of Medicine Groote Schuur HospitalOld Main BuildingK FloorMain RoadObservatory 7935Cape TownSouth Africa

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was shown to be present in 75% of Black Africans with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in whom the tumor was hitherto not thought to be caused by chronic HBV infection. The association between chronic HBV infection and the development of the tumor is thus even closer than was originally thought. HBV viral load was found to be significantly higher in patients with HCC than in Black African controls. As in other populations, HBV e antigen-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had significantly higher viral loads than patients negative for this antigen. The significance of this finding is discussed. The risk for HCC development with genotype A of HBV, the predominant genotype in African isolates, has not been investigated. Genotype A was shown to be 4.5 times more likely than other genotypes to cause HCC in Black Africans, and tumours occurred at a significantly younger age. Increasing numbers of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HBV co-infection are being reported to develop HCC. A preliminary case/control comparison supports the belief that HIV co-infection enhances the hepatocarcinogenic potential of HBV. A study from The Gambia provides the first evidence that dietary exposure to afltoxin B1 may cause cirrhosis and thatthis may play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of aflatoxin-induced HCC. An animal model has provided experimental support for the clinical evidence that dietary iron overload in the African is directly hepatocarcinogenic, in addition to causing the tumor indirectly through the development of cirrhosis.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Black Africans Occult hepatitis B Virus infection Hepatitis B viral loads Hepatitis B virus genotype A Aflatoxin Dietary iron overload

Spheroidization behaviour of a Fe-enriched eutectic high-entropy alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第16期47卷 173-179页

作者： Yu Yin Damon Kent Qiyang Tan michael Bermingham Ming-Xing Zhang School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering the University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQLD 4556Australia

A cost-effective Fe-enriched eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEA),Fe35Ni25Cr25Mo15,was designed and prepared to avoid the use of expensive co that is commonly used in ***,the as-cast Feenriched EHEA was associated with *** present work aims to evaluate the possibility and feasibility of spheroidization of the lamellar structure of the EH EA in order to improve the *** to the high cooling rate of arc-melting,the as-melted Fe35Ni25Cr25Mo15 EHEA was found to be a pseudo eutectic alloy comprised of alternantσphase(Cr(0.22)Mo0.18Fe0.6-type intermetallic)and face centred cubic(FCC)*** lamellar structure in the Fe-enriched EHEA remained stable up to 800Κ.The instability of the lamellar structure occurred at temperatures over 800℃,which was resulted from migration of high-density faults(*** termination and ledges in the lamellae).However,the Fe35Ni25Cr25Mo15EHEA still exhibited brittleness even after spheroidization at 1100℃for 168 h due to the formation of the hard and brittleσmatrix in the pseudo Fe35Ni25Cr25Mo15 EHEA as a result of decomposition of the lamellar ***,in contrast to the softening of traditional eutectic alloys,spheroidization treatment was considered as invalid to improve the ductility of pseudo-eutectic HEA with high fraction of intermetallic *** present work provides a valuable re ference for those who aim to improve the ductility of brittle EHEA through spheroidization.

关键词： Eutectic high-entropy alloys Instability Lamellar structure Spheroidization Mechanical properties

ZnO-Embedded Expanded Graphite composite Anodes with controlled Charge Storage Mechanism Enabling Operation of Lithium-Ion Batteries at Ultra-Low Temperatures

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 31-39页

作者： Kun ryu michael J.Lee Kyungbin Lee Seung Woo Lee George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

As lithium(Li)-ion batteries expand their applications,operating over a wide temperature range becomes increasingly ***,the lowtemperature performance of conventional graphite anodes is severely hampered by the poor diffusion kinetics of Li ions(Li^(+)).Here,zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles are incorporated into the expanded graphite to improve Li^(+)diffusion kinetics,resulting in a significant improvement in lowtemperature *** ZnO-embedded expanded graphite anodes are investigated with different amounts of ZnO to establish the structurecharge storage mechanism-performance relationship with a focus on lowtemperature *** analysis reveals that the ZnOembedded expanded graphite anode with nano-sized ZnO maintains a large portion of the diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanism at an ultra-low temperature of-50℃ Due to this significantly enhanced Li^(+)diffusion rate,a full cell with the ZnO-embedded expanded graphite anode and a LiNi_(0.88)co_(0.09)Al_(0.03)O_(2)cathode delivers high capacities of 176 mAh g^(-1)at20℃ and 86 mAh g^(-1)at-50℃ at a high rate of 1 *** outstanding low-temperature performance of the composite anode by improving the Li^(+)diffusion kinetics provides important scientific insights into the fundamental design principles of anodes for low-temperature Li-ion battery operation.

关键词： diffusive and capacitive charge storages expanded graphite composites anode lithium-ion battery low-temperature operation transition metal oxide

Catalyst-and solvent-free,thermal generation of microporous polymer networks

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第8期60卷 1103-1106页

作者： christian widling michael forster venkata m.suresh ullrich scherf Bergische Universitdt Wuppertal Macromolecular Chemistry Group （buwmakro） and Institute for Polymer Technology D-42119 Wuppertal Germany

Multifunctional iodoaryl monomers were used for the catalyst- and solvent-free generation of microporous polymer networks of high surface areas up to 732mEg-1. The thermal conversion of the monomers relies on the homolytic cleavage of weak iodine-carbon bonds followed by a C-C coupling of the radicalic intermediates. By using tri- or tetrafunctional monomers and by tuning reaction temperature and time, the optimum reaction conditions allow the formation of the co.responding microporous networks in good yields of 71%-86%. The resulting networks exhibit notable high co2 and H2 adsorption capacities of up to 8.89 wt% （273K, 1 bar） and up to 1.31 wt% （77K, 1 bar）, respectively.

关键词： microporous polymer networks thermal generation gas uptake

Exploring the Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor-associated Proteome with iTrAQ and Transgenic Mice

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第4期11卷 207-218页

作者： Tristan D. McClure-Begley Kathy L. Stone michael J. Marks Sharon r. Grady Christopher M. colangelo Jon M. Lindstrom Marina r. Picciotto Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven CT 06508 USA Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303 USA W.M. Keck Biotechnology resource Laboratory Yale University School MedicineNew Haven CT 06509 USA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309 USA Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry Yale UniversityNew Haven CT 06520 USA Department of Neuroscience Medical School of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia PA 19104 USA

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors （nAChrs） containing Gt4 and 132 subunits are the principal receptors in the mammalian central nervous system that bind nicotine with high affin- ity. These nAChrs are involved in nicotine dependence, mood disorders, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. However, our understanding of the interactions between a4β2-containing （a4β2） nAChrs and other proteins remains limited. In this study, we identified proteins that inter- act with ct4β2 nAChrs in a gene-dose dependent pattern by immunopurifying β2 nAChrs from mice that differ in ct4 and β2 subunit expression and performing proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation （iTrAQ）. reduced expression of either the a4 or the β2 subunit results in a co.related decline in the expression of a number of putative interacting proteins. We identified 208 proteins co-imrnunoprecipitated with these nAChrs. Furthermore, stratified lin- ear regression analysis indicated that levels of 17 proteins was co.related significantly with expres- sion of at4β2 nAChrs, including proteins involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and calcium signaling. These findings represent the first application of quantitative proteomics to produce a β2 nAChr interactome and describe a novel technique used to discover potential targets for pharma- cological manipulation of a4β2 nAChrs and their downstream signaling mechanisms.

关键词： Nicotinic receptor Affinity purification Quantitative proteomics Transgenic mouse

role of gap junctions in endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated vasodilatation in rat renal artery

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第8期 57-63页

作者： Joanna KArAGIANNIS,michael rAND Division of Biosciences Division of Biosciences School of Medical Sciences rMIT University Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia School of Medical Sciences rMIT University Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia

AIM: To investigate the effect of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) inhibitor roscovitine on the morphine antinociceptive tolerance development in rats. METHODS: Tail-flick test as pain threshold measurement and intrathecal injection techniques were used. rESULTS: Intrathecal roscovitine infusion alone produced an antinociceptive effect. Tolerance was induced by continuous intrathecal infusion of morphine 5μg/h for 5 d. co administration of intrathecal roscovitine 1μg/h for 5 d enhanced the morphine antinociceptive effect in tolerant rats. It also caused a shift in the morphine antinociceptive dose"Cresponse curve to the left when co-administered with morphine during tolerance induction, and caused a 67 % reduction in the increase in the ED50 of morphine (dose producing 50 % of the maximum response). coNCLUSION: Cdk5 modulation is involved in the antinociceptive tolerance of morphine. Intrathecal roscovitine administration could attenuate this tolerance development.

关键词： carbachol endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor gap junction gap 27 peptide renal artery

A near infrared spectroscopy calibration for the prediction of fresh grass quality on Irish pastures

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 243-253页

作者： Darren J.Murphy Bernadette O’Brien michael O’Donovan Tomas condon michael D.Murphy Teagasc Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreMooreparkFermoyCo.CorkIreland Department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland

The aim of this study was to develop near infrared spectroscopy(NIrS)calibrations to predict quality parameters,dry matter(DM,g kg1)and crude protein(CP,g kg1 DM),in fresh un-dried *** of these parameters would enable more precise allocation of quality herbage to grazing *** ryegrass samples(n=1615)were collected over the 2017 and 2018 grazing seasons at Teagasc Moorepark to develop a NIrS calibration *** samples were collected for an independent validation dataset(n=197)during the 2019 grazing *** were scanned using a FOSS 6500 spectrometer at 2 nm intervals in the range of 1100~2500 nm and absorption was recorded as log 1/reflec*** wet chemistry analysis was carried out for both parameters and the resultant data were calibrated against spectral data by means of modified partial least squares regression.A range of mathematical spectral treatments were examined for each calibration,which were ranked in order of standard error of prediction(SEP)and ratio of percent deviation(rPD).Best performing calibrations achieved high predictive precision for DM(r2=0.86 SEP=9.46 g kg1,rPD=2.60)and moderate precision for CP(r2=0.84 SEP=20.38 g kg1 DM,rPD=2.37).These calibrations will aid the optimisation of grassland management and the development of precision agricultural technologies.

关键词： Near infrared spectroscopy Fresh grass analysis Grassland management Grass quality Precision agriculture

C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 66-76页

作者： Bryan S Griffiths Annette Spilles michael Bonkowski Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordCoWexfordIreland Current address:SAC King's BuildingsWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGUK Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität zu Köln Zoologisches Institut Abt.TerrestrischeÖkologieBiowissenschaftliches ZentrumOtto-Fischer-Str.6D-50674KölnGermany

Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial *** cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient ***:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and *** and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced *** regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient ***:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,co.relation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with *** molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient *** growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added ***:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary *** results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(***)under near optimum soil *** with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with *** changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site.

关键词： Carbon Nitrogen Nutrient limitation Phosphorus Soil microbial biomass Stoichiometry