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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第3期32卷 257-285页

作者： michael Nold Francesco Corman Institute for Transport planning and Systems ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland

The reduction of energy consumption is an increasingly important topic of the railway ***-efficient train control(EETC)is one solution,which refers to mathematically computing when to accelerate,which cruising speed to hold,how long one should coast over a suitable space,and when to *** approaches in literature and industry greatly simplify a lot of nonlinear effects,such that they ignore mostly the losses due to energy conversion in traction components and *** fill this research gap,a series of increasingly detailed nonlinear losses is described and *** categorize an increasing detail in this representation as four *** study the impact of those levels of detail on the energy optimal speed *** do this,a standard approach based on dynamic programming is used,given constraints on total travel *** evaluation of multiple test cases highlights the influence of the dynamic losses and the power consumption of auxiliary components on railway trajectories,also compared to multiple *** results show how the losses can make up 50%of the total energy consumption for an exemplary *** them would though result in consistent but limited errors in the optimal ***,more complex trajectories can result in less energy consumption when including the complexity of nonlinear losses than when a simpler model is *** effects are stronger when the trajectory includes many acceleration and braking phases.

关键词： Train trajectory optimization Energy-efficient train control(EETC) Dynamic efficiency power losses in railway vehicles

Microscale shaping and rounding of ridge arrays and star pattern features on nickel mould via electrochemical polishing

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 207-226页

作者： Sana Zaki Nan Zhang michael D.Gilchrist School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

High quality micro mould tools are critical for ensuring defect-free production of micro injection moulded *** demoulding stage of the micro injection moulding can adversely affect the surface integrity due to friction,adhesion and thermal stresses between the metallic mould and polymeric replicated *** the present work,we propose the use of precision electropolishing(Ep)as a shaping and polishing process to control the draft angle and fillet radius of micro features in order to ease *** defects that occur in replicated polymer parts include cracks,burrs and distorted features.A nickel mould having multiple linear ridges and star shape patterns was designed for the present investigation to have characteristic dimensions ranging from 10μm to 150μm and with various aspect ratios to study the effect of electropolishing on modifying the shape of micro features and surface morphology.A transient 2D computational analysis has been conducted to anticipate the effect of shaping on the Ni mould after electrochemical polishing with non-uniform material removal rates,based on the distribution of current *** experimental results indicate that after shaping using Ep,the draft angle of star-patterns and linear patterns can be effectively increased by approximately 3.6°,while the fillet radius increases by up to 5.0μ*** controlling the electropolishing process,the surface roughness can be maintained under 50 *** work uses a green and environmental friendly nickel sulfamate electrolyte which can be effective for shaping of nickel micro features without causing any surface deposition.

关键词： Micro feature shaping and electropolishing Micro mould tools Green electrolyte Demoulding micro patterns

Liver cell cancer surveillance practice in Nigeria:pitfalls and future prospects

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第10期16卷 1132-1141页

作者： Yusuf Musa Ijeoma M Ifeorah Abubakar Sadiq Maiyaki Rahama Mohammad Almustapha Yussuf Abdulkadir Maisuna habib Tijjani Saleh Abdulmumini Yakubu Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineFederal Teaching Hospital KatsinaKatsina 820101Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnugu 400102Nigeria Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Clinical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto 840283Nigeria Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUsmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital SokotoSokoto 840101Nigeria Infection prevention and Control Unit Department of Community MedicineFederal Teaching HospitalKatsina 820101KatsinaNigeria Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineBayero University KanoKano 700101Nigeria Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAminu Kano Teaching HospitalKano 700101Nigeria Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto 840283Nigeria Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUsmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching HospitalSokoto 840283Nigeria

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a disease of public health concern in Nigeria,with chronic hepatitis B and C infections contributing most to the disease *** the increasing incidence of HCC,surveillance practices for early diagnosis and possible cure are not deeply rooted in the *** article aims to review the current status of HCC surveillance in Nigeria,stressing the encounters,breaches,and potential *** factors,such as limited tools for screening and diagnostics,insufficient infrastructure,and low cognizance among the doctors,and the general public affect the surveillance practices for HCC in ***,the lack of standardized guidelines and protocols for HCC surveillance further intensifies the suboptimal diagnosis and ***,there are opportunities for refining surveillance practices in the *** would be achieved through boosted public health sensitization campaigns,integrating HCC screening into routine clinical services,and leveraging technological developments for early detection and ***,collaboration between government agencies,healthcare providers,and international organizations can facilitate the development of comprehensive HCC surveillance programs person-alized to the Nigerian ***,HCC surveillance practice faces substantial *** addressing the drawbacks and leveraging prospects,Nigeria can improve HCC surveillance,with subsequent improved outcomes for individuals at risk of developing the disease.

关键词： Hepatocellular cancer Surveillance Alpha-fetoprotein Ultrasonography Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin Early disease Intermediate disease Late disease Advance disease

Sleep quality and characteristics of older adults with acute cardiovascular disease

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第3期21卷 369-373页

作者： Haroon Munir michael Goldfarb Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Division of Cardiology Jewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada

Sleep plays a vital role in restoring the physical and mental health of people with cardiovascular ***,the hospital setting is not a conducive environment for *** interruptions by members of the care team,including vital sign checks,medication delivery,and blood draws for laboratory investigations,are routinely done in many *** interruptions by staff and noise by other patients have been cited as barriers to restorative sleep in the hospital.

关键词： Sleep routine characteristics

phrenic nerve block: the key to managing acute biliary pain?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 62-63页

作者： michael Shalaby Joshua Luftig Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International UniversityMiami 33199USA Advanced Emergency Ultrasound Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami Beach 33140USA Department of Emergency Medicine Highland HospitalAlameda Health SystemOakland 94602USA

Over the past two decades,the USA has witnessed a steep rise in the incidence of acute cholecystitis(AC),[1]even among children,[2]with over 200,000 cases annually.[3]patients with AC often present to the emergency department(ED)experiencing severe distress,with most describing their pain level as“intolerable.”[4]Furthermore,there is usually a considerable delay before surgery,with a median time from diagnosis of AC to surgery of 28.5 h,[5]and a substantial percentage of patients wait as long as 10 d.[6]prolonged delays before surgery lead to increased opioid use,which is associated with extended hospital stays and higher rates of readmission after cholecystectomy.[7]Furthermore,opioids can lead to vomiting,respiratory depression,delirium,and ultimately addiction.[8]We propose a novel regional anesthesia technique for managing AC:right phrenic nerve *** method could offer improved pain control and a more favorable risk profile in selected patients when compared to current ED practices.

关键词： pain anesthesia diagnosis

Universal Hyperthermal Model for Mass Extinctions

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 704-707页

作者： michael J.Benton paleobiology Research Group School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolLife Sciences BuildingTyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK

INTRODUCTION Earth scientists have long sought universal features of past extinction *** can be argued that each past extinction event was a singularity,caused by combinations of circumstances that are unique in each case,and therefore that the search for common causes is ***,a key feature of the uniformitarian approach to geology is that past processes are the same as modern-day processes and,with that in mind,earth scientists are keen to use their knowledge to contribute some understanding to the study of the present and future climate crisis.

关键词： extinction singularity Extinction

Commentary on"Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running"

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 125-126页

作者： michael Baggaley Arash Khassetarash Faculty of Kinesiology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4Z6Canada

It is a pleasure to write a commentary on the work of *** Rice and colleagues,l who have advanced our understanding of how the mechanical loading environment of the tibia changes as a function of running grade and *** is important that we understand how the tibia is loaded during conditions that an individual is likely to encounter when running as it is these internal loads which we believe are responsible for the development of bone-stress injuries.

关键词： loading injuries likely

Regulating depletion region enables highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 2783-2784页

作者： Chun-Yun Wang michael Saliba Institute for photovoltaics(ipv) University of Stuttgart70569 StuttgartGermany IEK5-photovoltaics Forschungszentrum Jülich52425 JülichGermany

perovskite solar cells(pSCs)have made impressive strides in recent years with the power conversion efficiency(pCE)now exceeding 26%[1],which is comparable to established technologies such as ***,the ion migration in perovskites causes undesirable hysteresis and *** affects the long-term operational stability of pSCs,hampering a possible industrialization.

关键词： perovskite depletion exceeding

Trehalose:A sugar molecule involved in temperature stress management in plants

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Ali Raza Savita Bhardwaj Md Atikur Rahman pedro García-Caparrós Madiha habib Faisal Saeed Sidra Charagh Christine H.Foyer Kadambot H.M.Siddique Rajeev K.Varshney College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(FAFU)Fuzhou 350002FujianChina Department of Botany School of Bioengineering and BiosciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwara 144411India Department of Botany MCM DAV CollegeKangraHimachal Pradesh 176001India Grassland and Forage Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan 31000Republic of Korea Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering University of AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology National Agricultural Research CentrePark Rd.Islamabad 45500Pakistan Agriculture Health and Environment DepartmentNatural Resources InstituteFaculty of Engineering&ScienceUniversity of GreenwichKent ME44TBUK State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyPerth 6009Australia WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Centre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Trehalose(Tre)is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species,including bacteria,fungi,invertebrates,yeast,and even plants,where it acts as an osmoprotectant,energy source,or protein/membrane *** relatively small amounts in plants,Tre concentrations increase following exposure to abiotic ***-6-phosphate,a precursor of Tre,has regulatory functions in sugar metabolism,crop production,and stress *** the various abiotic stresses,temperature extremes(heat or cold stress)are anticipated to impact crop production worldwide due to ongoing climate *** small amounts of Tre can mitigate negative physiological,metabolic,and molecular responses triggered by temperature *** also interacts with other sugars,osmoprotectants,amino acids,and phytohormones to regulate metabolic reprogramming that underpins temperature stress *** plants expressing Tre-synthesis genes accumulate Tre and show improved stress ***-wide studies of Tre-encoding genes suggest roles in plant growth,development,and stress *** review discusses the functions of Tre in mitigating temperature stress—highlighting genetic engineering approaches to modify Tre metabolism,crosstalk,and interactions with other molecules—and in-silico approaches for identifying novel Tre-encoding genes in diverse plant *** consider how this knowledge can be used to develop temperature-resilient crops essential for sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Abiotic stress Gene expression Genetic engineering Osmolyte Trehalose-6-phosphate

Diabetes and pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： Christian Herder michael Roden Nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for Diabetes Research(DZD) Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malades(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent study published in Nature,Nobs and colleagues aimed to identify novel mechanisms that may explain why diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to viral respiratory *** analyses revealed a central role of lung dendritic cells(DC)which exhibited several functional defects induced by hyperglycaemia and consequently result in impaired antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory