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Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors

World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第14期9卷 645-656页

作者： michael i lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo Department of Radiation Oncology London Regional Cancer ProgramUniversity of Western Ontario Department of Radiation Oncology Odette Cancer CentreSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Department of Radiation Oncology the University of Texas Department of Radiation Oncology University of Washington School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center

Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease *** offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor ***,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose *** article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy *** patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with ***,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special *** a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint *** to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(iTV) expansions,non-gated iTV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or *** of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin ***,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies.

关键词： Hepatocellular 癌肝转移 4DCT 指导图象的放射疗法 Stereotactic 身体放射治疗

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Social media as passive geo-participation in transportation planning-how effective are topic modeling&sentiment analysis in comparison with citizen surveys?

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Geo-Spatial information Science 2020年第4期23卷 275-292页

作者： Oliver lock Christopher Pettit City Futures Research Centre Faculty of Built EnvironmentUniversity of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneyAustralia Expanded Perception and interaction Centre(Epicentre) Faculty of Art&DesignUniversity of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneyAustralia

We live in an era of rapid urbanization as many cities are experiencing an unprecedented rate of population growth and *** transport is playing an increasingly important role in urban mobility with a need to move people and goods efficiently around the *** such pressures on existing public transportation systems,this paper investigates the opportunities to use social media to more effectively engage with citizens and customers using such *** research forms a case study of the use of passively collected forms of big data in cities-focusing on Sydney,***,it examines social media data(Tweets)related to public transport ***,it joins this to longitudinal big data-delay information continuously broadcast by the network over a year,thus forming hundreds of millions of data ***,tones,and sentiment are modeled using machine learning and Natural Language Processing(NLP)*** resulting data,and models,are compared to opinions derived from a citizen survey among *** validity of such data and models versus the intentions of users,in the context of systems that monitor and improve transport performance,are *** such,key recommendations for developing Smart Cities were formed in an applied research context based on these data and techniques.

关键词： Social media smart cities public participation urban sensing transport planning natural language processing machine learning big data

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Project Management, 9th Edition 9

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2007年

作者： DENNiS lock

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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ORiGiNS OF POTASH DEPOSiTS iN THE QAiDAM BASiN, CHiNA

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Science China Chemistry 1990年第2期33卷 198-210页

作者：孙大鹏 DAViD E.lock Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Academia Sinica Xining 810008 PRC Australian National University Canberra Australia

The Qaidam Basin is a typically continental potash-bearing basin, which is comparatively rare in other countries. The potash deposits are widespread in the Quaternary salt lakes of the mid-western basin. At the same time, there exist many favourable conditions for the formation of potash deposits: (ⅰ)the sufficient source of potassium, (ⅱ) the optimum migration and accumulation processes of potassium, and (ⅲ) proper physico-chemical environments for separating potash salts. Owing to the differences in the supplying conditions for the external water to lake-basin and in the chemical compositions of those salt lake brines, potash deposits of various models and various types were formed.

关键词： potash deposits sulphate-type chloride-type polyhalite.

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The visual analytics of big,open public transport data-a framework and pipeline for monitoring system performance in Greater Sydney

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Big Earth Data 2021年第1期5卷 134-159页

作者： Oliver lock Tomasz Bednarz Christopher Pettit City Analytics Lab Faculty of Built EnvironmentUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Expanded Perception and interaction Centre Faculty of Art&DesignUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Many cities,countries and transport operators around the world are striving to design intelligent transport *** systems capture the value of multisource and multiform data related to the functionality and use of transportation infrastructure to better support human mobility,interests,economic activity and *** aim to provide services that can enable transportation customers and managers to be better informed and make safer and more efficient use of *** developing principles,guidelines,methods and tools to enable synergistic work between humans and computer-generated information,the science of visual analytics continues to expand our understanding of data through effective and interactive visual *** this paper,we describe an application of visual analytics related to the study of movement and transportation *** application documents the use of rapid,2D and 3D web visualisation and data analytics libraries and explores their potential added value to the analysis of big public transport performance data.A novel approach to displaying such data through a generalisable framework visualisation system is *** framework recalls over a year’sworth of public transport performance data at a highly granular level in a fast,interactive browser-based *** Sydney,Australia forms a case study to highlight potential uses of the visualisation of such large,passively-collected data sets as an applied research *** this paper,we argue that such highly visual systems can add data-driven rigour to service planning and longer-term transport ***,they enable the sharing of quality of service statistics with various stakeholders and citizens and can showcase improvements in services before and after policy *** paper concludes by making recommendations on the value of this approach in embedding these or similar web-based systems in transport planning practice,performance

关键词： WebGL visual analytics public transportation transport performance visualisation open data big data

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Rates and processes affecting As speciation and mobility in lake sediments during aging

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 338-347页

作者： Alan lock Dirk Wallschlager Nelson Belzile Graeme Spiers Celine Gueguen Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program Trent University School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality CentreTrent University Department of Chemistry Laurentian University School of the Environment Departments of Earth Sciences and BiologyLaurentian University School of the Environment and Chemistry Department Trent University

Sediments from an arsenic（As） contaminated groundwater vent site were used to investigate As（ Ⅲ） binding, transformation and redistribution in native and iron oxide amended lake sediments using aging spiked batch reactions and a sequential extraction procedure that maintains As（V） and As（ Ⅲ） speciation. in the native sediments, fractionation analysis revealed that 10% of the spiked As（ Ⅲ） remained intact after a 32-day aging experiment and was predominantly adsorbed to the strongly sorbed（NH4H2PO4 extractable） and amorphous Fe oxide bound（H3PO4 extractable） fractions. Kinetic modelling of the experimental results allowed identifying the dominant reaction path for depletion of dissolved As（ Ⅲ） to As（ Ⅲ）absorbed on to the solid phase, followed by oxidation in the solid phase. Arsenite was initially adsorbed primarily to the easily exchangeable fraction（（NH4）2SO4 extractable）, then rapidly transformed into As（V） and redistributed to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. Oxidation of As（ Ⅲ） in recalcitrant fractions was less efficient. The iron oxide amendments illustrated the controls that iron oxides can have on As（ Ⅲ） binding and transformation rates. in goethite amended samples As（ Ⅲ） oxidation was faster and primarily occurred in the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions. in these samples,19.3 μg Mn was redistributed（compared to the native sediment） from the easily exchangeable and crystalline Fe oxide bound fractions to the strongly sorbed and amorphous Fe oxide bound fractions, indicating that goethite may act as a catalyst for Mn（Ⅱ） oxidation, thereby producing sorbed Mn（ Ⅲ/Ⅳ ）, which then appears to be involved in rapidly oxidizing As（ Ⅲ）.

关键词： Arsenite Oxidation Fractionation Redistribution Modelling

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Pramipexole, a dopamine D3/D2 receptor-preferring agonist, attenuates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like model in mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 450-458页

作者： Carlos Pereira Martins Rodrigo Sebben Paes Gabriela Mantovani Baldasso Eduarda Gomes Ferrarini Rahisa Scussel Rubya Pereira Zaccaron Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Avila Paulo Cesar lock Silveira Rafael Cypriano Dutra Laboratory of Autoimmunity and immunopharmacology Department of Health SciencesCampus AraranguaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaAraranguáSCBrazil Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience Center of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSCBrazil Laboratory of Experimental Physiopathology Program of Postgraduate in Science of HealthUniversidade do Extremo Sul CatarinenseCriciumaSCBrazil

Fibromyalgia(FM) is a complex pathology described as persistent hyperalgesia including somatic and mood dysfunctions, depression and anxiety. Although the etiology of FM is still unknown, a significant decrease in biogenic amines is a common characteristic in its pathogenesis. Here, our main objective was to investigate the role of dopamine D3/D2 receptor during the reserpine-induced pain in mice. Our results showed that pramipexole(PPX) – a dopaminergic D3/D2 receptor agonist – inhibited mechanical allodynia and thermal sensitivity induced by reserpine. Relevantly, PPX treatment decreased immobility time and increased the number of grooming in the forced swimming test and splash test, respectively. Animals that received PPX remained longer in the open arms than the reserpine group using elevated plusmaze apparatus. The repeated PPX administration, given daily for 4 days, significantly blocked the mechanical and thermal allodynia during FM model, similarly to pregabalin, although it failed to affect the reserpine-induced thermal nociception. Reserpine administration induced significant downregulation of dopamine concentration in the central nervous system, and repeated treatment with PPX restored dopamine levels in the frontal cortex and spinal cord tissues. Moreover, PPX treatment inhibited oxidants production such as DCFH(2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein) and nitrite, also decreased oxidative damage(carbonyl), and upregulated the activity of superoxide dismutase in the spinal cord. Together, our findings demonstrated the ability of dopamine D3/D2 receptor-preferring agonist in reducing pain and mood dysfunction allied to FM in mice. All experimental protocols were approved by the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina(UFSC) Ethics Committee(approval No. 2572210218) on May 10, 2018.

关键词： dopamine dopaminergic system fibromyalgia hyperalgesia pain pramipexole reserpine

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Testing allometric scaling relationships in plant roots

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 770-780页

作者： Qiang Deng Zhiyou Yuan Xinrong Shi T.Ryan lock Robert L.Kallenbach State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100ShaanxiChina. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China. institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina Division of Plant Sciences College of AgricultureFoodand Natural ResourcesUniversity of Missouri108 Waters HallColumbiaMO 65211USA.

Background:Metabolic scaling theory predicts that plant productivity and biomass are both ***,this theory has not yet been tested in plant ***:in this study,we tested how metabolic scaling occurs in plants using a comprehensive plant root dataset made up of 1016 observations from natural *** generated metabolic scaling exponents by logtransformation of root productivity versus ***:Results showed that the metabolic scaling exponents of fine root(in diameter)productivity versus biomass were close to 1.0 for all ecosystem types and functional *** exponents decreased in coarse roots(>2mm in diameter).Conclusions:We found isometric metabolic scaling in fine roots,a metabolically active organ similar to seedlings or *** findings also indicate a shift in metabolic scaling during plant ***,our study supports the absence of any unified single constant scaling exponent for metabolism-biomass relationships in terrestrial plants,especially for forests with woody species.

关键词： Allometry Biomass Metabolic scaling Plant roots Productivity

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Development of SC-10: A psychometrically equivalent Singapore Mandarin disyllabic word list for clinical speech audiometry use

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第3期7卷 247-256页

作者： Gary Jek Chong Lee Steven lock Hey Lee Audiology Ng Teng Fong General HospitalSingapore Temasek Skillsfuture Academy Temasek PolytechnicSingapore Otolaryngology Changi General HospitalSingapore

Objective::The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a set of psychometrically equivalent disyllabic wordlist(SC-10)in Singapore Mandarin for clinical *** design::A preliminary set of 1000 words were obtained from a dictionary of frequently used words by Singapore *** native judges rate the familiarity level of each *** is followed by a face-to-face public survey to rank the shortlisted word set from most to least *** final 108 disyllabic words were recorded by a native female talker.20 normal hearing subjects were used to obtain the percentage of correct word recognition at 24 intensity levels(-10 dB HL to 26 dB HL in 2 dB increment).Psychometric function slopes were calculated for each word.100 words were eventually chosen and assigned into ten 10-word lists based on a psychometric balancing *** digital adjustments were made to the intensity of each wordlist to improve their auditory ***::The calculated regression slopes in the psychometric functions for the ten lists are between 8.0 and 9.8%/*** factor ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference in both the mean intensity required to obtain 50%recognition score(f=0.109,df=9,p=0.999)and the slopes of the psychometric functions(f=0.078,df=9,p=0.999)between the ten word *** validation on 25 normal hearing participants(PTA=11.0 dB HL,SD=4.3)showed a mean speech recognition threshold(SRT)of 9.3 dB HL(SD=3.5)and regression slope of 8.395%/*** regression analysis showed a positive correlation(r^(2)=0.923)between presentation level and word recognition score(WRS).The difference between PTA and SRT of each subject all fall within the clinically acceptable difference of 10 dB ***-retest reliability,carried out on 20 subjects at three levels(SRT-5,SRT,and SRT+5 dB),showed no significance difference between word recognition score when the same participant is tested again at the same intensity level using a different ***

关键词： Speech audiometry Word recognition score Disyllabic word list Mandarin Chinese Singapore SC-10

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Cancer diagnosis is one quarter lower than the expected cancer incidence in the first year of COViD-19 pandemic in Germany:A retrospective register-based cohort study

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Cancer Communications 2022年第7期42卷 673-676页

作者： Johannes Diers Laura Acar Johanna C.Wagner Philip Baum Mohammed Hankir Sven Flemming Carolin Kastner Christoph-Thomas Germer Helmut L’hoest Ursula Marschall Johan Friso lock Armin Wiegering Department of General VisceralTransplantationVascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity HospitalUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburg 97080Germany Department Medizin und Versorgungsforschung Institut fuer GesundheitssystemforschungBarmerWuppertal 42275Germany Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University ofWuerzburgWuerzburg 97074Germany Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken University of Wuerzburg Medical CentreWuerzburg 97080Germany

Dear Editor,The coronavirus disease of 2019(COViD-19)pandemic has necessitated that semi-urgent and elective medical cases,including cancer screenings,are postponed in hospitals worldwide to accommodate the increasing number of patients with severe COViD-19 symptoms[1-4].Consequently,several reports from the first COViD-19 wave in spring 2020 showed a significant decrease in new cancer diagnoses as well as cancer therapy and screenings[5,6].

关键词： diagnosis cancer Cancer

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