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A spotligh. on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring th. central role of mitoch.ndria

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： Joh. Mitrofanis Jonath.n stone michael R.h.mblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance Sch.ol of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of h.alth.Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah.University of Science and Tech.ology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Oph.h.lmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** th. sligh.est ch.nge in th.ir internal and/or external environments will cause much.distress and dysfunction,leading often to th.ir death.A range of path.logical conditions,including stroke,h.ad trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting th.ir survival and proper *** most neural path.logies,mitoch.ndria become dysfunctional and th.s plays a pivotal role in th. process of cell *** ch.llenge over th. last few decades h.s been to develop effective interventions th.t improve neuronal h.meostasis under path.logical *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,h.ve,h.wever,proved frustratingly elusive,at both.preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** th.s perspective,we h.gh.igh. two factors th.t we feel are key to th. development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,th. ch.ice of dose of intervention and meth.d of application,and secondly,th. selection of subjects,wh.th.r th.y be patients or th. animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

Symbiosome-like intracellular colonization of cereals and oth.r crop plants by nitrogen-fixing bacteria for reduced inputs of synth.tic nitrogen fertilizers

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Science Ch.na(Life Sciences) 2005年第Z2期48卷 888-896页

作者： Edward C.Cocking Ph.lip J.stone michael R.Davey Centre for Crop Nitrogen Fixation Sch.ol of Biology University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG7 2RDU.K. Plant Sciences Division School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughborough LE12 5RDU.K. Plant Sciences Division Sch.ol of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughborough LE12 5RDU.K.

It h.s been forecast th.t th. ch.llenge of meeting increased food demand and protecting environmental quality will be won or lost in maize, rice and wh.at cropping systems, and th.t th. problem of environmental nitrogen enrich.ent is most likely to be solved by substituting synth.tic nitrogen fertilizers by th. creation of cereal crops th.t are able to fix nitrogen symbiotically as legumes do. In legumes, rh.zobia present intracellularly in membrane-bound vesicular compartments in th. cytoplasm of nodule cells fix nitrogen endosymbiotically. With.n th.se symbiosomes, membrane-bound vesicular compartments, rh.zobia are supplied with.energy derived from plant ph.tosynth.tes and in return supply th. plant with.biologically fixed nitrogen, usually as ammonia. Th.s minimizes or eliminates th. need for inputs of synth.tic nitrogen fertilizers. Recently we h.ve demonstrated, using novel inoculation conditions with.very low numbers of bacteria, th.t cells of root meristems of maize, rice, wh.at and oth.r major non-legume crops, such.as oilseed rape and tomato, can be intracellularly colonized by th. non-rh.zobial, non-nodulating, nitrogen fixing bacterium, Gluconacetobacter diazotroph.cus th.t naturally occurs in sugarcane. G. diazotroph.cus expressing nitrogen fixing (nifh. genes is present in symbiosome-like compartments in th. cytoplasm of cells of th. root meristems of th. target cereals and non-legume crop species, somewh.t similar to th. intracellular symbiosome colonization of legume nodule cells by rh.zobia. To obtain an indication of th. likelih.od of adequate growth.and yield, of maize for example, with.reduced inputs of synth.tic nitrogen fertilizers, we are currently determining th. extent to wh.ch.nitrogen fixation, as assessed using various meth.ds, is correlated with.th. extent of systemic intracellular colonization by G. diazotroph.cus, with.minimal or zero inputs.

关键词： cereals, endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, Gluconacetobacter diazotroph.cus, intracellular colonization,legumes, synth.tic nitrogen fertilizers.

Ultrasound diagnosis of diverticulitis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第1期7卷 74-76页

作者： michael E. Abboud Sarah.E. Frasure michael B. stone Emergency Department Harvard University 45 Francis St Neville House - 236A Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA

Diverticular disease accounts for approximately 312 000 h.spital admissions in th. United States annually, and costs nearly 2.6 billion dollars. Approximately 20% of Americans with.diverticular disease will experience at least one episode of acute diverticulitis, necessitating a visit to th.ir ph.sician＇s office or th. emergency department （ED） for *** As th. risk of developing diverticulitis rises with.age （nearly 50% of people aged over 60 years h.ve colonic diverticula）, th. incidence is rising as th. elderly population grows.

关键词： will oral

Unfolded protein response in myelin disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 636-645页

作者： Wensh.ng Lin Sarrabeth.stone Department of Neuroscience University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Activation of th. unfolded protein response in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress preserves cell viability and function under stressful ***,persistent,unresolvable activation of th. unfolded protein response can trigger apoptosis to eliminate stressed *** studies sh.w th.t th. unfolded protein response plays an important role in th. path.genesis of various disorders of myelin,including multiples sclerosis,Ch.rcot-Marie-Tooth.disease,Pelizaeus-Merzbach.r disease,vanish.ng wh.te matter disease,spinal cord injury,tuberous sclerosis complex,and h.poxia-induced perinatal wh.te matter *** th.s review we summarize th. current literature on th. unfolded protein response and th. evidence for its role in th. path.genesis of myelin disorders.

关键词： axon ER multiples sclerosis myelin oligodendrocyte Sch.ann cell spinal cord injury UPR

Emergency department patients with.small bowel obstruction： Wh.t is th. anticipated clinical course？

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第1期7卷 35-39页

作者： Sarah.E Frasure Amy h.ldreth.Sukh.it Takh.r michael B stone Emergency Department Harvard University45 Francis St Neville House-236ABostonMassachusetts 02115USA

BACKGROUND:Emergency ph.sicians(EPs)often care for patients with.acute small bowel *** some patients require exploratory laparotomy,oth.rs are managed successfully with.supportive *** aimed to determine features th.t predict th. need for operative management in emergency department(ED)patients with.small bowel obstruction(SBO).METh.DS:We performed a retrospective ch.rt review of 370 consecutive patients admitted to a large urban academic teach.ng h.spital with.a diagnosis of SBO over a two-year *** evaluated demograph.c ch.racters(prior SBO,prior abdominal surgery,active malignancy)and clinical findings(leukocytosis and lactic acid)to determine features associated with.th. need for urgent operative ***:Patients with.a prior SBO were less likely to undergo operative intervention[20.3%(42/207)]compared to th.se with.ut a prior SBO[35.2%(57/162)].Abnormal bloodwork was not associated with.need for operative intervention.68%of patients with.CT scan findings of both.an SBO and a h.rnia,h.wever,were operatively ***:Patients with.a h.story of SBO were less likely to require operative intervention at any point during th.ir *** bloodwork was not associated with.operative *** CT finding of a h.rnia,h.wever,predicted th. need for operative intervention,wh.le oth.r findings(ascites,duodenal th.ckening)did *** research.would be h.lpful to construct a prediction rule,wh.ch.could h.lp community EPs determine wh.ch.patients may benefit from expedited transfer for operative management,and wh.ch.patients could be safely managed conservatively as an initial treatment strategy.

关键词： Small bowel obstruction Computed tomograph. h.rnia

Professor Donald stone: Experiencing Ch.na

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国际人才交流 2018年第12期 62-64页

作者： Donald stone

In2006,afterh.vingdevotednearlyfortyyearstoteach.ng English.literature at th. City University of New York, as well ash.rvardUniversity(asvisitingprofessor)andNewYork University (as adjunct professor), I h.d th. good fortune to be invited to teach.in th. English.Department at Peking ***,Ih.vetaugh.th.undergraduateEnglish.ovelscourse(JaneAustentoJamesJoyce)

关键词：英语小说课程研究教学方法

Th. Status of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine in th. United States

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Ch.nese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第4期20卷 243-249页

作者： Jennifer A.M.stone Department of Radiation Oncology Indiana University School of Medicine

Since its first mention in U.S. media in th. early 1970s, th. practiceof acupuncture and Oriental medicine （AOM） h.s grown in stature from a fringe,counter-culture movement to a valid, evidenced-based treatment option for *** th. last 40 years, AOM sch.ols and colleges h.ve been accredited by th. *** of Education, offering both.masters and doctoral degree programs. Todate, forty-seven states and th. District of Columbia license or certify acupuncturistsbased on competency proven th.ough.state examination or professional certificationby th. National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine（NCCAOM）. As acceptance of AOM in th. U.S. h.s increased th.ough.both.th.assurance of psych.metrically sound certification and th. education of th. Americanpublic on th.s topic, many ch.llenges h.ve emerged. Problems such.as th.underemployment of AOM clinicians, meth.dological h.rdles for th. investigation of mech.nisms, and efficacyof acupuncture and oth.r AOM treatment tech.iques h.ve been observed. Investigative ch.llenges also includegaps in research.training as well as a dearth.of th. basic resources needed to conduct randomized controlledtrials （RCTs）. As AOM research.h.s sough. integration into th. Western research.model, problems h.ve beenidentified in th. design of AOMRCTs, and strategies for th.ir resolution th.ough.meth.ds such.as translationalresearch.h.ve been examined. Incorporating th.se strategies as well as efficacy, effectiveness, and qualitativemeasures will strength.n th. evidence base and th.s provide clinical decision makers with.more tools th.t canbe used to design patient treatment regimens.

关键词： acupuncture Oriental medicine status research United States ch.llenges

An inexpensive underwater mine countermeasures simulator with.real-time 3D after action review

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Defence Tech.ology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 367-379页

作者： Robert stone Timoth. SNELL Neil COOKE h.man Interface Tech.ologies Team University of Birmingham UK University of Birmingh.m UK

Th.s paper presents th. results of a concept capability demonstration pilot study, th. aim of wh.ch.was to investigate h.w inexpensive gaming software and h.rdware tech.ologies could be exploited in th. development and evaluation of a simulator prototype for training Royal Navy mine clearance divers, specifically focusing on th. detection and accurate reporting of th. location and condition of underwater ordnance. Th. simulator was constructed using th. Blender open source 3D modelling toolkit and game engine, and featured not only an interactive 3D editor for underwater scenario generation by instructors, but also a real-time, 3D After Action Review(AAR) system for formative assessment and *** simulated scenarios and AAR arch.tecture were based on early h.man factors observations and briefings conducted at th. UK's Defence Diving Sch.ol(DDS), an organisation th.t provides basic military diving training for all Royal Navy and Army(Royal Engineers) divers. An experimental pilot study was undertaken to determine wh.th.r or not basic navigational and mine detection components of diver performance could be improved as a result of exposing participants to th. AAR system, delivered between simulated diving scenarios. Th. results suggest th.t th. provision of AAR was accompanied by significant performance improvements in th. positive identification of simulated underwater ordnance(in contrast to non-ordnance objects) and on participants' description of th.ir location, th.ir immediate in-water or seabed context and th.ir structural condition. Only marginal improvements were found with.participants' navigational performance in terms of th.ir deviation accuracies from a pre-programmed expert search.path. Overall, th.s project contributes to th. growing corpus of evidence supporting th. development of simulators th.t demonstrate th. value of exploiting open source gaming software and th. significance of adopting establish.d games design tech.iques in delivering h.gh.y

关键词： Simulation Virtual reality Diver training Ordnance disposal Mine clearance

Cover Crops as Affecting Soil Ch.mical and Ph.sical Properties and Development of Upland Rice and Soybean Cultivated in Rotation

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 340-349页

作者： Adriano Steph.n NASCENTE Luis Fernando stone Embrapa Arroz e Feij(CNPAF) Rodovia GO-462km 12 Zona RuralCP.17975375-000Santo Antoio de GoiasGOBrasil

Cover crops can provide ch.nges in soil ch.mical and ph.sical properties, wh.ch.could allow a sustainable development of soybean and upland rice rotation in Brazilian Cerrado. Th. objective of th.s study was to determine th. effects of cover crops(cultivated in th. offseason) in th. soybean-upland rice rotation(cultivated in th. summer season) on th. soil ch.mical and ph.sical properties, yield components and grain yield of th. cash.crops. Th. experimental design was a randomized block design in factorial sch.me 4 × 2 with.six replications. Treatments were composed by four cover crops: fallow, millet(Pennisetum glaucum) + Crotalaria och.oleuca, millet + pigeon pea(Cajanus cajans), and millet + pigeon pea + Uroch.la ruziziensis in th. offseason with.one or two cycles of cover crops, with.rice(Oryza sativa)or soybean(Glycine max) in th. summer season. Cover crops alone provided no ch.nges in soil ch.mical properties. h.wever, th. rotation cover crops/cash.crops/cover crops/cash.crops reduced p h. Al and h.+ Al and increased Ca, Mg, K and Fe contents in th. soil. Th. cover crops millet + pigeon pea and millet + pigeon pea + U. ruziziensis improved soil ph.sical properties in relation to fallow,especially in th. 0–0.10 m soil layer. In spite of th. improvement of th. soil ph.sical properties after two years of rotation with.cover crops and cash.crops, th. soil ph.sical quality was still below th. recommended level, sh.wing values of macroporosity, S index and soil aeration capacity lower th.n 0.10 m3/m3, 0.035 and 0.34, respectively. Upland rice production was h.gh.r under mixtures of cover crops th.n under fallow, mainly because of soil ph.sical ch.nges done by th.se mixtures of cover *** grain yield was similar under all cover crops tested, but was h.gh.r after th. rotation cover crops/upland rice/cover crops th.n after only one cycle of cover crops.

关键词： crop rotation no-tillage system sustainable agriculture tropical agriculture rice soybean