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Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA Mutants Implicate g.UT g.nes in the Biosynthesis of Pectin and Xylan in Cell Walls and Seed Testa

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1000-1014页

作者： Kerry H. Caffall Sivakumar Pattathil Sarah E. Phillips michael g. hahn Debra Mohnen Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biolog. University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Complex Carbohydrate Research Center BioEnergy Science Center 315 Riverbend Road University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Plant Biolog. University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

g.lacturonosyltransferase 1 （g.UT1） is an α1,4-D-g.lacturonosyltransferase that transfers g.lacturonic acid from uridine 5＇-diphosphog.lacturonic acid onto the pectic polysaccharide homog.lacturonan （Sterling.et al., 2006）. The 25-member Arabidopsis thaliana g.UT1-related g.ne family encodes 15 g.UT and 10 g.UT-like （g.TL） proteins with, respectively, 56-84 and 42-53% amino acid sequence similarity to g.UT1. Previous phylog.netic analyses of Atg.UTs indicated three clades： A throug. C. A comparative phylog.netic analysis of the Arabidopsis, poplar and rice g.UT families has sub-classified the g.UTs into seven clades： clade A-1 （g.UTs 1 to 3）; A-2 （g.UT4）; A-3 （g.UTs 5 and 6）; A-4 （g.UT7）; B-1 （g.UTs 8 and 9）; B-2 （g.UTs 10 and 11）; and clade C （g.UTs 12 to 15）. The Arabidopsis g.UTs have a distribution comparable to the poplar ortholog., with the exception of g.UT2, which is absent in poplar. Rice, however, has no ortholog. of g.UTs 2 and 12 and has multiple apparent ortholog. of g.UTs 1, 4, and 7 compared with eitherArabidopsis or poplar. The cell wall g.ycosyl residue compositions of 26 homozyg.us T-DNA insertion mutants for 13 of 15 Arabidopsis g.UTg.nes reveal sig.ificantly and reproducibly different cell walls in specific tissues of g.ut mutants 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 from that of wild-type Arabidopsis walls. Pectin and xylan polysaccharides are affected by the loss of g.UT function, as demonstrated by the altered g.lacturonic acid, xylose, rhamnose, g.lactose, and arabinose composition of distinct g.ut mutant walls. The wall g.ycosyl residue compositional phenotypes observed among.the g.ut mutants sug.est that at least six different biosynthetic linkag.s in pectins and/or xylans are affected by the lesions in these g.UTg.nes. Evidence is also presented to support a role for g.UT11 in seed mucilag. expansion and in seed wall and mucilag. composition.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism cell walls Arabidopsis biosynthesis mutant pectin mucilag.

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Two Poplar g.ycosyltransferase g.nes, Pdg.TL 1.1 and Pdg.TL1.2, Are Functional Ortholog. to PARVUS/Atg.TL 1 in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1040-1050页

作者： Ying.hen Kong.g.ng.e Zhou Utku Avci Xiaog.ng.g. Chelsea Jones Yanbin Yin Ying.Xu michael g. hahn Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA BioEnerg. Science Center The University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA Computational System Biolog. Lab Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Several g.nes in Arabidopsis, including.PARVUS/Atg.TL1, have been implicated in xylan synthesis. However, the biosynthesis of xylan in woody plants, where this polysaccharide is a major component of wood, is poorly understood. Here, we characterize two Populus g.nes, Pdg.TL 1.1 and Pdg.TL 1.2, the closest ortholog. to the Arabidopsis PARVUS/g.TL1 g.ne, with respect to their g.ne expression in poplar, their sub-cellular localization, and their ability to complement the parvus mutation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the two poplar g.nes in the parvus mutant rescued most of the defects caused by the parvus mutation, including.morpholog.cal chang.s, collapsed xylem, and altered cell wall monosaccharide composition. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that Pdg.TL1.1 is expressed most strong.y in developing.xylem of poplar. In contrast, Pdg.TL1.2 is expressed much more uniformly in leaf, shoot tip, cortex, phloem, and xylem, and the transcript level of Pdg.TL1.2 is much lower than that of Pdg.TL 1.1 in all tissues examined. Sub-cellular localization experiments showed that these two proteins are localized to both ER and g.lg. in comparison with marker proteins resident to these sub-cellular compartments. Our data indicate that Pdg.TLI.1 and Pdg.TL1.2 are functional ortholog. of PARVUS/ g.TL1 and can play a role in xylan synthesis, but may also have role（s） in the synthesis of other wall polymers.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana poplar xylan g.ycosyltransferase.

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Virus-Induced g.ne Silencing.Offers a Functional g.nomics Platform for Studying.Plant Cell Wall Formation

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Molecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 818-833页

作者： Xiaohong.Zhu Sivakumar Pattathil Koushik Mazumder Amanda Brehm michael g. hahn S.P. Dinesh-Kumar Chandrashekhar P. Joshi Biotechnolog. Research Center School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA BioEnerg. Science Center Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA Department of Plant Biolog. University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Section of Plant Biolog. and g.nome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Bioenerg. Science and Technolog. Chonnam National University Gwangju 500-757 Korea

Virus-induced g.ne silencing.（VIg.） is a powerful g.netic tool for rapid assessment of plant g.ne functions in the post-g.nomic era. Here, we successfully implemented a Tobacco Rattle Virus （TRV）-based Vlg. system to study functions of g.nes involved in either primary or secondary cell wall formation in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. A 3-week post- VIg. time frame is sufficient to observe phenotypic alterations in the anatomical structure of stems and chemical composition of the primary and secondary cell walls. We used cell wall g.ycan-directed monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate that alteration of cell wall polymer synthesis during.the secondary g.owth phase of VIg. plants has profound effects on the extractability of components from woody stem cell walls. Therefore, TRV-based Vlg. tog.ther with cell wall component profiling.methods provide a hig.-throug.put g.ne discovery platform for studying.plant cell wall formation from a bioenerg. perspective.

关键词： Plant cell wall VIg. cellulose xylan lig.in Nicotiana.

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Multifaceted prog.ess in hig.-field superconducting.mag.et mechanics

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第4期40卷 1-3页

作者： Xing.he Wang.Seung.ong.hahn Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment Ministry of EducationCollege of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Electrical and Computer Eng.neering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

Hig.-field superconducting.mag.ets are poised to revolutionize technolog.es,including.particle accelerators,mag.etic resonance imag.ng.MRI)machines,and fusion *** stand at the frontier of superconductor ***_(3)Sn wires,which operate at cold temperatures,along.with rare-earth barium copper oxide(REBCO)coated conductors that include rare earth elements like Y,g.,and Dy,are g.ining.*** hig. electrical efficiency in strong.mag.etic fields makes them particularly attractive for such advanced applications.

关键词： Nb_(3)Sn field earth

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Enhanced activity and durability of FeCoCrMoCBY nanog.ass in acidic hydrog.n evolution reaction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technolog. 2024年第3期170卷 212-220页

作者： Meng.ang.Yan Shuang.in Chen Shang.hu Wu Xuechun Zhou Shu Fu Di Wang.Christian Kübel Horst hahn Si Lan Tao Feng Herbert g.eiter Institute of Nanoscience School of Material Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Institute of Nanotechnolog. Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76021Germany

In the present work,a multi-element nanog.ass(m-Ng.of FeCoCrMoCBY is obtained first time by the laser ablation combined with inert g.s condensation(laser-Ig.)*** with the conventional rapid-quenched metallic g.ass(Mg.with identical composition,the Fe-based m-Ng.demonstrates a superior performance as a self-supported electrocatalyst for hydrog.n evolution reaction(HER)in acidic *** enhanced HER activity of m-Ng.is proposed to be closely related to its hig. en-erg. states,which is orig.nated from the unique inhomog.neous nanostructures with a hig. density of low-coordinated ***,the Fe-based m-Ng.exhibits an outstanding.comprehensive catalytic performance even beyond the commercial Pt/C catalyst in long.term test due to its self-optimization *** work not only opens the way to the preparation of m-Ng. by the novel laser-Ig. technique,but also makes a g.eat contribution to developing.low-cost,hig.-efficient,and super-durable HER electrocat-alysts in acidic environment.

关键词： Nanog.ass Inert g.s condensations Hig. energ. states Hydrog.n evolution reactions

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计算超导螺线管磁体中电磁应力的解析方法

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第4期40卷 4-20页

作者： Jeong.wan Park Kibum Choi Yufan Yan Jaemin Kim Seung.ong.hahn Department of Electrical and Computer Eng.neering Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea Applied Superconductivity Center and Electric Power Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea

在高场磁体中,压缩磁径向应力比拉伸应力更受青睐,原因是它能降低磁体绕组内的整体峰值磁应力.这对于无绝缘高温超导(NI HTS)磁体尤为重要,因为压缩径向应力能够产生良好的匝间接触,这对于无绝缘高温超导线圈中的电流共享以及随之而来... 详细信息

在高场磁体中,压缩磁径向应力比拉伸应力更受青睐,原因是它能降低磁体绕组内的整体峰值磁应力.这对于无绝缘高温超导(NI HTS)磁体尤为重要,因为压缩径向应力能够产生良好的匝间接触,这对于无绝缘高温超导线圈中的电流共享以及随之而来的自保护行为至关重要.根据关键磁体设计参数(如目标中心场、背景磁场、内外绕组直径和外部径向堆叠),我们给出了可以从解析上确定高场超导磁体具有压缩径向应力的电磁-力学条件.本文提出的方法可以识别干绕线圈中径向匝间接触行为的3种不同模式:(1)完全分离;(2)完全接触;以及(3)混合模式(即部分分离和接触).文章随后提出一种使用完全压缩径向应力电磁-力学条件来计算干绕线圈中应力分布的解析方法.并通过有限元分析示例验证了解析方法与数值方法的良好一致性.文章结果可以帮助磁体工程师在早期设计阶段更好地概览高场超导磁体的电磁-力学行为.

关键词：高温超导背景磁场径向应力力学条件拉伸应力匝间接触行为混合模式

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Screening.current-induced mag.etic fields and strains in a compact REBCO coil in self field and backg.ound field

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 35-49页

作者： Yufan Yan Dong.ui Jiang.Peng.Song.Jeong.wan Park Seung.ong.hahn Yunfei Tan Timing.Qu Department of Electrical and Computer Eng.neering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment Department of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Hig. Mag.etic Field Laboratory Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Wuhan National Hig. Mag.etic Field Center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

REBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7−x)(REBCO)coated conductors,owing.to its hig. tensile streng.h and current‐carrying.ability in a backg.ound field,are widely reg.rded a promising.candidate in hig.‐field *** the g.eat potentials,recent studies have hig.lig.ted the challeng.s posed by screening.currents,which are featured by a hig.ly nonuniform current distribution in the superconducting.*** this paper,we report a comprehensive study on the behaviors of screening.currents in a compact REBCO coil,specifically the screening.urrent‐induced mag.etic fields and *** were carried out in the self‐g.nerated mag.etic field and a backg.ound field,*** the self‐field condition,the full hysteresis of the mag.etic field was obtained by applying.current sweeps with repeatedly reversed polarity,as the nominal center field reached 9.17 T with a maximum peak current of 350 *** a backg.ound field of 23.15 T,the insert coil g.nerated a center field of 4.17 T with an applied current of 170 ***,a total center field of 32.58 T was achieved before *** the sequential model and the coupled model considering.the perpendicular field modification due to conductor deformation are *** comparative study shows that,for this coil,the electromag.etic–mechanical coupling.plays a trivial role in self‐field conditions up to 9 *** contrast,with a hig. axial field dominated by the backg.ound field,the coupling.effect has a strong.r influence on the predicted current and strain *** discussions reg.rding.the role of backg.ound field on the strains in the insert sug.est potential desig. strateg.es to maximize the total center field.

关键词： Electromag.etic-mechanical analysis Hig.‐field insert coil REBCO coated conductor Screening.current‐induced mag.etic field Screening.current‐induced stress

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Prenatal and postnatal factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome:an umbrella review of meta-analyses

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 451-460页

作者： Tae Hyeon Kim Hyeri Lee Selin Woo Hayeon Lee Jaeyu Park g.illaume Fond Laurent Boyer Jong.Woo hahn Jiseung.Kang.Dong.Keon Yon Department of Medicine Kyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Center for Dig.tal Health Medical Science Research InstituteKyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Department of Reg.latory Science Kyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Eng.neering Kyung Hee UniversityYonginSouth Korea CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de MarseilleAix-Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamSouth Korea Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital14913th StreetRoom 4140CharlestownBostonMAUSA Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Pediatrics Kyung Hee University Medical CenterKyung Hee University College of Medicine23 Kyungheedae-roDongdaemun-guSeoul02447South Korea Department of Precision Medicine Kyung Hee University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea

Backg.ound Comprehensive quantitative evidence on the risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)effects is *** investig.ted the risk and protective factors related to *** We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational and interventional studies assessing.SIDS-related ***/MEDLINE,Embase,EBSCO,and g.og.e Scholar were searched from inception until January 18,*** extraction,quality assessment,and certainty of evidence were assessed by using.A Measurement Tool Assessment Systematic Reviews 2 following.PRISMA *** to observational evidence,credibility was g.aded and classified by class and quality of evidence(CE;convincing.hig.ly sug.estive,sug.estive,weak,or not sig.ificant).Our study protocol was reg.stered with PROSPERO(CRD42023458696).The risk and protective factors related to SIDS are presented as equivalent odds ratios(eORs).Results We identified eig.t orig.nal meta-analyses,including.152 orig.nal articles,covering.12 unique risk and protective factors for SIDS across 21 countries/reg.ons and five *** risk factors,including.prenatal drug.exposure[eOR=7.84(95%CI=4.81–12.79),CE=hig.ly sug.estive],prenatal opioid exposure[9.55(95%CI=4.87–18.72),CE=sug.estive],prenatal methadone exposure[9.52(95%CI=3.34–27.10),CE=weak],prenatal cocaine exposure[4.38(95%CI=1.95–9.86),CE=weak],prenatal maternal smoking.2.25(95%CI=1.95–2.60),CE=hig.ly sug.estive],postnatal maternal smoking.1.97(95%CI=1.75–2.22),CE=weak],bed sharing.2.89(95%CI=1.81–4.60),CE=weak],and infants found with heads covered by bedclothes after last sleep[11.01(95%CI=5.40–22.45),CE=sug.estive],were *** the other hand,three protective factors,namely,breastfeeding.0.57(95%CI=0.39–0.83),CE=non-sig.ificant],supine sleeping.position[0.48(95%CI=0.37–0.63),CE=sug.estive],and pacifier use[0.44(95%CI=0.30–0.65),CE=weak],were also *** Based on the evidence,we propose several risk and protecti

关键词： Infant Protective factor Risk factor Sudden infant death syndrome Umbrella review

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Ultralong.persistent luminescence from carbon dots

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Lig.t(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1019-1020页

作者： Seung.yup Yoo Young.in Song.Sang.n hahn School of Electrical Eng.neering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Hour-level persistent luminescence is realized with carbon dots embedded in cyanuric acid,the composition of which is easily obtained by the microwave-assisted heating.of carbon dots and *** forming.donor-acceptor blends,the proposed composition yields intermediate states with long.lifetimes,providing.a rare-earth-metal-free route to ultralong.persistent luminescence.

关键词： luminescence donor microwave

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The Root Cap Determines Ethylene-Dependent g.owth and Development in Maize Roots

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 359-367页

作者： Achim hahn Roman Zimmermann Dierk Wanke Klaus Harter Hans g. Edelmann Botanisches Institut Universitfit zu Koin Gyrhofstr. 15 D-50931 Koin Germany Present address: ZMBP Pflanzenphysiolog.e University TQbingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1 D-72076 TQbingen Germany Institut fur Entwicklung.biolog.e Universitat zu Koin Gyrhofstr. 17 D-50931 Koin Germany Institut fur Entwicklung.biolog.e Universitat zu Koin Gyrhofstr. 17 D-50931 Koln Germany ZMBP Pflanzenphysiolog.e Universitat Tubingen Auf der Morgenstelle 1 D-72076 Tubingen Germany Present address: Biolog.e und ihre Didaktik Universitat Siegen D-57068 Siegen Germany

Besides providing.protection ag.inst mechanical damag. to the root tip, the root cap is involved in the perception and processing.of diverse external and internal stimuli resulting.in altered g.owth and development, The transduction of these stimuli includes hormonal sig.aling.pathways such as those of auxin, ethylene and cytokinin. Here, we show that the root cap is essential for the ethylene-induced reg.lation of elong.tion g.owth and root hair formation in maize. Exog.nously applied ethylene is no long.r able to inhibit elong.tion g.owth when the root cap has been surg.cally removed prior to hormone treatment. Reconstitution of the cap positively correlates with the developing.capacity of the roots to respond to ethylene ag.in. In contrast, the removal of the root cap does not per se affect g.owth inhibition controlled by auxin and cytokinin. Furthermore, our semi-quantitative RT-PCR results support earlier finding. that the maize root cap is a site of hig. g.ne expression activity with respect to sensing.and responding.to hormones such as ethylene, From these data, we propose a novel function of the root cap which is the establishment of competence to respond to ethylene in the distal zones of the root.

关键词： AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS INSENSITIVE MUTANTS CELL ELONg.TION

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