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Best practices in teaching endoscopy according to a Delphi survey of gastroenterology trainees

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第6期9卷 600-602页

作者： michael fuchs Justin L.Sewell Navin L.Kumar Harvard Medical School BostonMAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma CenterSan FranciscoCAUSA University of California San Francisco San FranciscoCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMAUSA

Introduction Endoscopy is a core component of gastroenterology training[1],yet there are no guidelines on how endoscopists should teach the procedure[2].Across most programs in the USA,endoscopy training follows an apprenticeship model,in which trainees develop skills through supervised,hands-on practice[3].Although some programs use assessment tools to determine proficiency in performing endoscopy procedures,most rely principally on procedural volume and subjective *** a result,endoscopic training is variable across and within institutions.

关键词： teaching survey programs

Lithological mapping with multispectral data–setup and application of a spectral database for rocks in the Balakot area, Northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 948-963页

作者： michael fuchs Adnan A.AWAN Sardar S.AKHTAR Ijaz AHMAD Simon SADIQ Asif RAZZAK Naghmah HAIDER Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources Stilleweg 230655 HanoverGermany Geological Survey of Pakistan IslamabadPakistan

In the frame of landslide susceptibility assessment, a spectral library was created to support the identification of materials confined to a particular region using remote sensing images. This library, called Pakistan spectral library(pklib) version 0.1, contains the analysis data of sixty rock samples taken in the Balakot region in Northern *** spectral library is implemented as SQLite database. Structure and naming are inspired by the convention system of the ASTER Spectral Library. Usability, application and benefit of the pklib were evaluated and depicted taking two approaches, the multivariate and the spectral based. The spectral information were used to create indices. The indices were applied to Landsat and ASTER data tosupportthespatial delineation of outcropping rock sequences instratigraphic formations. The application of the indices introduced in this paper helps to identify spots where specific lithological characteristics occur. Especially in areas with sparse or missing detailed geological mapping, the spectral discrimination via remote sensing data can speed up the survey. The library can be used not only to support the improvement of factor maps for landslide susceptibility analysis, but also to provide a geoscientific basisto further analyze the lithological spotin numerous regions in the Hindu Kush.

关键词： Lithological mapping Multispectral data Spectral library Normalized difference index Northern Pakistan

Differences between hepatic and biliary lipid metabolism and secretion in genetically gallstone-susceptible and gallstone-resistant mice

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第9期115卷 1292-1295,143页

作者：许国强赵力 michael fuchs 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院消化科杭州310003 浙江大学医学院附属第一医院心内科杭州310003 Department of Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences between hepatic and biliary lipid metabolism and secretion of genetically gallstone-susceptible (C57L) and resistant (AKR) mice and the mechanism of cholesterol gallstone formation. METHODS: The inbred C57L and AKR mice were fed a lithogenic diet containing 15% fat, 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for four weeks. Hepatic cholesterol content and secretion rates of biliary lipids, as well as phenotypes of the liver and gallbladder were determined and examined before and after the feeding of the lithogenic diet. RESULTS: Both before and after ingestion of the lithogenic diet, hepatic secretion rates of all biliary lipids in C57L mice were markedly higher than that of AKR mice (P

关键词： Genetic Predisposition to Disease Lipid Metabolism Animals Bile Cholelithiasis Cholesterol Fatty Liver Liver Male Mice Mice, Inbred AKR Mice, Inbred C57BL Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Statistical landslide susceptibility assessment in a dynamic environment:A case study for Lanzhou City,Gansu Province,NW China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1299-1318页

作者： TORIZIN Jewgenij WANG Li-chao fuchs michael TONG Bin BALZER Dirk WAN Li-qin KUHN Dirk LI Ang CHEN Liang Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources （BGR） Hannover 30655 Germany China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring （CIGEM） Beijing 100081 China

This study presents a statistical landslide susceptibility assessment(LSA) in a dynamic environment. The study area is located in the eastern part of Lanzhou, NW China. The Lanzhou area has exhibited rapid urbanization rates over the past decade associated with greening, continuous land use change, and geomorphic reshaping activities. To consider the dynamics of the environment in the LSA, multitemporal data for landslide inventories and the corresponding causal factors were collected. The weights of evidence(Wof E) method was used to perform the LSA. Three time stamps, i.e., 2000, 2012, and 2016, were selected to assess the state of landslide susceptibility over time. The results show a clear evolution of the landslide susceptibility patterns that was mainly governed by anthropogenic activities directed toward generating safer building grounds for civil infrastructure. The low and very low susceptibility areas increased by approximately 10% between 2000 and 2016. At the same time, areas of medium, high and very high susceptibility zones decreased proportionally. Based on the results, an approach to design the statistical LSA under dynamic conditions is proposed, the issues and limitations of this approach are also discussed. The study shows that under dynamic conditions, the requirements for data quantity and quality increase significantly. A dynamic environment requires greater effort to estimate the causal relations between the landslides and controlling factors as well as for model validation.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility assessment Dynamic environment Weights of evidence method Validation Urbanization Lanzhou City

Identification and temporally-spatial quantification of geomorphic relevant changes by construction projects in loess landscapes:case study Lanzhou City,NW China

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Big Earth Data 2019年第4期3卷 395-410页

作者： michael fuchs Jewgenij Torizin Lichao Wang Bin Tong Dirk Balzer Liang Chen Dirk Kuhn Ang Li Liqin Wan Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources(BGR) HannoverGermany China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring BeijingP.R.China

Sustainable development of urban areas demands,among others,a holistic approach for identification and monitoring of environmental changes caused by human *** this study,the human-made impact on the geo-environment is studied through the application of the change detection study based on Principal Component Analysis on Landsat imageries and comparison of the digital elevation models taken at different *** analysis is set up to identify and quantify the anthropogenic geomorphological changes in the loess landscape in Lanzhou city,Northwest *** 2002 Lanzhou has been undergoing a rapid economic development associated with construction *** to limited flat building ground in the narrowed Yellow River Valley and subsequent expansion into the surrounding loess mountains,massive earthworks are conducted for reclamation of the suitable building *** results of the change detection analysis show that approximately 10%of the semi-natural study area corresponding to 35 km2 has been reshaped by leveling and terracing since *** particular,the geomorphology was significantly changed in these and adjacent *** the single developing area Taipingyang,a moving volume of up to 57 million m3 was roughly estimated.

关键词： Change detection principal component analysis Chinese loess plateau economic development zone

Proposal of an ultrasonographic classification for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: Echinococcosis multilocularis Ulm classification-ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第43期21卷 12392-12402页

作者： Wolfgang Kratzer Beate Gruener Tanja EM Kaltenbach Sarina Ansari-Bitzenberger Peter Kern michael fuchs Richard A Mason Thomas FE Barth Mark M Haenle Andreas Hillenbrand Suemeyra Oeztuerk Tilmann Graeter Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Ulm Comprehensive Infectious Diseases Center (CIDC) Ulm Comprehensive Infectious Diseases Center University Hospital Ulm Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Institute of Pathology University Hospital Ulm Department of General- and Visceral Surgery University Hospital Ulm Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology University Hospital Ulm

AIM: To establish an ultrasonographic classification based on a large sample of patients with confirmed hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(AE).METHODS: Clinical data and ultrasonography(US) findings of 185 patients(100 males; 85 females; mean age at diagnosis: 51.4 ± 17.6 years; mean age at time of US examination: 58.7 ± 18.2 years) were retrospectively reviewed with respect to the US morphology of hepatic AE lesions. The sonomorphological findings were grouped according to a five-part classification ***: Application of the new classification resulted in the following distribution of sonomorphological patterns among the patients examined: hailstorm(54.1%); pseudocystic(13.5%); ossification(13.0%); hemangioma-like(8.1%); and metastasis-like(6.5%). Only 4.9% of lesions could not be assigned to a sonomorphological ***: The sonomorphological classification proposed in the present study facilitates the diagnosis,interpretation and comparison of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in routine practice and in the context of scientific studies.

关键词： Hepatic echinococcosis Echinococcus mul tiloculari

The hydrodynamic RAM effect:Review of historic experiments,model developments and simulation

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 150-178页

作者： Georg A.Heilig michael May Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Ernst-Zermelo-Strasse 4Freiburg 79104Germany

The Hydrodynamic Ram(HRAM)effect occurs when a high kinetic energy projectile penetrates a fluid filled area,e.g.,a liquid filled *** projectile transfers its momentum and kinetic energy to the fluid,what causes a sudden,local pressure rise,further expanding as primary shock wave in the fluid and developing a *** is possible that the entire tank ruptures due to the loads transferred through the fluid to its surrounding *** the past decades,additionally to experimental investigations,HRAM has been studied using various computational approaches particularly focusing on the description of the Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI).This article reviews the published experimental,analytical and numerical results and delivers a chronological overview since the end of World War ***,HRAM mitigation measures are highlighted,which have been developed with the experimental,analytical and numerical toolboxes matured over the past 80 years.

关键词： Fluid-structure-interaction(FSI) Euler-Lagrange-Coupling Hydrodynamic RAM effect HRAM

Like a G6-nal:transcriptional control of G-protein coupled receptors during oligodendroglial development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2001-2002页

作者： Tim Aberle michael Wegner Institut für Biochemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Multilayered control of myelination:Quick,saltatory conduction of action potentials along nerve fibers requires the electrical insulation of axons by myelinating *** the central nervous system,this role is taken up by *** are marked by the expression of the lineage determinants Sox10 and Olig2 and arise from oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)during embryonal *** the majority of OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes when nearby axonal segments require myelination,a small subpopulation of OPCs persist as a progenitor ***,the timing of myelination and maintenance of the OPC pool both need to be precisely *** transcription factors either positively or negatively affect oligodendrocyte differentiation and maintenance of the OPC pool as components of a complex gene regulatory network(reviewed in Sock and Wegner,2021).Network activity is additionally influenced by extracellular signaling molecules that bind to receptors on the oligodendroglial cell surface and activate intracellular signaling *** the receptors are linked to the network is poorly understood so far,but pivotal to understanding the overall regulation of central nervous system(CNS)myelination in response to environmental *** insights were recently gained for Gpr37(Schmidt et al.,2024),a G-protein coupled receptor(GPCR)with known relevance in differentiating oligodendrocytes(Yang et al,2016).

关键词： gained insulation conduction

Emerging structures and dynamic mechanisms ofγ-secretase for Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 174-180页

作者： Yinglong Miao michael S.Wolfe Computational Medicine Program and Department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina–Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA

γ-Secretase,called“the proteasome of the membrane,”is a membrane-embedded protease complex that cleaves 150+peptide substrates with central roles in biology and medicine,including amyloid precursor protein and the Notch family of cell-surface *** inγ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease.γ-Secretase has thus served as a critical drug target for treating familial Alzheimer’s disease and the more common late-onset Alzheimer’s disease as ***,critical gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of processive proteolysis of substrates,the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,and allosteric modulation of substrate cleavage byγ-*** this review,we focus on recent studies of structural dynamic mechanisms ofγ-*** mechanisms,including the“Fit-Stay-Trim,”“Sliding-Unwinding,”and“Tilting-Unwinding,”have been proposed for substrate proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein byγ-secretase based on all-atom molecular dynamics *** an incorrect registry of the Notch1 substrate was identified in the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Notch1-boundγ-secretase,molecular dynamics simulations on a resolved model of Notch1-boundγ-secretase that was reconstructed using the amyloid precursor protein-boundγ-secretase as a template successfully capturedγ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both wildtype and mutant Notch,being consistent with biochemical experimental *** approach could be potentially applied to decipher the processing mechanisms of various substrates byγ-*** addition,controversy over the effects of familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations,particularly the issue of whether they stabilize or destabilizeγ-secretase-substrate complexes,is ***,an outlook is provided for future studies ofγ-secretase,including pathways of substrate binding and product release,effects of modulators on familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein cryo-EM structures drug design intramembrane proteolysis molecular dynamics Notch