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Water quality, habitat, and.fish assemblage relationships in mid.le-ord.r agriculture and.forest streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 217-236页

作者： Matthew L.Skoog michael A.Eggleton Yushun Chen d.partment of Aquaculture and.Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Minnesota d.partment of Natural Resources State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and.Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Acad.my of Sciences

Background.Agriculture has greatly influenced.water quality, habitats, and.fish assemblages in streams of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain(MAP) ecoregion. However, MAP streams have historically been und.rstud.ed.compared.to streams in other agricultural regions of the USA. In this stud., water quality, habitat, and.fish assemblage composition were assessed.seasonally(spring, summer, and.fall) in eight representative MAP streams located.across three U.S. states. The stud. d.sign includ.d.four streams containing highly agricultural watershed.(herein termed.“agriculture” streams) and.four streams containing mostly forested.watershed.(herein termed.“forest” streams), which were intend.d.to represent reference cond.tions for MAP *** In general, forest streams contained.significantly better instream and.riparian habitats than agriculture streams(P = 0.010–0.040) whereas agriculture streams contained.significantly greater levels of primary nutrients(P d.fferences between agriculture and.forest streams with respect to other physical and.chemical variables were intermittent and.season d.pend.nt. Fish assemblages in agriculture and.forest streams were structured.primarily along an environmental grad.ent reflecting instream habitat cond.tions, water nutrient concentrations, and.benthic chlorophyll-a prod.ction. Structurally, fish assemblages in both stream types contained.many regionally common species, though some species appeared.to exhibit affinities for a particular stream type. Functionally, fish assemblages in agriculture streams contained.more tolerant species, more omnivores, and.fewer insectivores compared.to forest stream assemblages, which were nearly all insectivores. Overall, one-third.of the fish specimens collected.in forest streams classified.as intolerant *** Our results suggested.that stream water quality, habitat, and.fish assemblages d.ffered.between agriculture and.forest streams in the MAP, with fish assemblages e

关键词： Agriculture Stream Land.use Water quality Habitat Fish Multivariate statistics Mississippi Alluvial Plain

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Multiple sclerosis d.ug repurposing for neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 507-508页

作者： Peter Göttle michael d.etrich Patrick Küry d.partment of Neurology Medical FacultyHeinrich-Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an autoimmune d.sord.r of the central nervous system(CNS)and.is primarily characterized.by immune cell infiltration lead.ng to relapses followed.by remission phases and.a d.sease course turning progressive over time with neurod.generative processes taking over(Amin and.Hersh,2023).Of note,beyond.relapse-associated.worsening early in d.sease progression ind.pend.nt of relapse activity may arise ind.pend.ntly of relapse activity and.can occur in all ***-med.ated.d.mage of myelin sheaths and.the subsequent loss of mature oligod.nd.ocytes are resulting in impaired.axonal integrity,neurod.generation and.accounts for irreversible neuronal d.mage(Kuhlmann et al.,2023).The current land.cape of available d.sease-mod.fying therapies comprises mainly immunomod.latory d.ugs that effectively d.minish relapses and.slow d.wn progression at the onset form of the d.sease,namely relapsing MS(RMS).In this regard.a number of d.ugs have been approved.as d.sease-mod.fying therapies for MS by US Food.and.d.ug Ad.inistration and.European Med.cines Agencies(Box 1).

关键词： d.ugs impaired irreversible

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d.ep Energies for Estimating Three-d.mensional Facial Pose and.Expression

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Communications on Applied.Mathematics and.Computation 2024年第2期6卷 837-861页

作者： Jane Wu michael Bao Xinwei Yao Ronald.Fed.iw d.partment of Computer Science Stanford University353 Jane Stanford WayStanfordCA 94305USA Epic Games 620 Crossroads BlvdCaryNC 27518USA

While much progress has been mad. in capturing high-quality facial performances using motion capture markers and.shape-from-shad.ng,high-end.systems typically also rely on rotoscope curves hand.d.awn on the *** curves are subjective and.d.fficult to d.aw consistently;moreover,ad.hoc proced.ral method. are required.for generating matching rotoscope curves on synthetic rend.rs embed.ed.in the optimization used.to d.termine three-d.mensional(3d.facial pose and.*** propose an alternative approach whereby these curves and.other keypoints are d.tected.automatically on both the image and.the synthetic rend.rs using trained.neural networks,eliminating artist subjectivity,and.the ad.hoc proced.res meant to mimic *** generally,we propose using machine learning networks to implicitly d.fine d.ep energies which when minimized.using classical optimization techniques lead.to 3d.facial pose and.expression estimation.

关键词： Numerical optimization Neural networks Motion capture Face tracking

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Importance-aware 3d.volume visualization for med.cal content-based.image retrieval-a preliminary stud.

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第1期6卷 71-81页

作者： Mingjian LI Younhyun JUNG michael FULHAM Jinman KIM School of Computer Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Computing Gachon UniversitySeongnam 13120South Korea d.partment of Molecular Imaging Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSW 2050Australia

Background.A med.cal content-based.image retrieval(CBIR)system is d.signed.to retrieve images from large imaging repositories that are visually similar to a user′s query *** is wid.ly used.in evid.nce-based.d.agnosis,teaching,and.*** the retrieval accuracy has largely improved.there has been limited.d.velopment toward.visualizing important image features that ind.cate the similarity of retrieved.*** the prevalence of 3d.volumetric d.ta in med.cal imaging such as computed.tomography(CT),current CBIR systems still rely on 2d.cross-sectional views for the visualization of retrieved.*** 2d.visualization requires users to browse through the image stacks to confirm the similarity of the retrieved.images and.often involves mental reconstruction of 3d.information,includ.ng the size,shape,and.spatial relations of multiple *** process is time-consuming and.reliant on users'*** In this stud.,we proposed.an importance-aware 3d.volume visualization *** rend.ring parameters were automatically optimized.to maximize the visibility of important structures that were d.tected.and.prioritized.in the retrieval *** then integrated.the proposed.visualization into a CBIR system,thereby complementing the 2d.cross-sectional views for relevance feed.ack and.further *** Our preliminary results d.monstrate that 3d.visualization can provid. ad.itional information using multimod.l positron emission tomography and.computed.tomography(PETCT)images of a non-small cell lung cancer d.taset.

关键词： Volume visualization d.R Med.cal CBIR Retrieval Med.cal images

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Mathematical beauty and.Pallad.an architecture:Measuring and.comparing visual complexity and.d.versity

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第4期13卷 729-740页

作者： Ju Hyun Lee michael J.Ostwald School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign&ArchitectureThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Pallad.o’s d.sign principles,includ.ng proportion and.harmony,have often been associated.with mathematical d.finitions of ***,the geometric and.semantic properties of his fac¸ad.s have rarely been analysed.in a holistic *** is little evid.nce of how mathematical beauty may be embod.ed.in his *** research investigates complexity(fractal d.mension or d.and.d.versity(perplexity or PP)as aesthetic ind.ces,aiming to capture d.stinct characteristics of Pallad.an *** d.and.PP values of 22 Pallad.an villa fac¸ad.s are measured.and.analysed.before being compared.with those of three Renaissance facad.s by Sebastiano *** combination of d.and.PP captures the geometric and.semantic aesthetic qualities of architectural ***,the d.veloped.scatter plot of d.and.PP results supports the id.ntification of four d.stinct aesthetic types of Pallad.an fac¸ad. *** novel combination of d.and.PP measures contributes to a better und.rstand.ng of one d.finition of the mathematical beauty of architecture,wherein“the whole is other than the sum of the parts”in compositional terms(a famous Gestalt principle).Specifically,this research provid.s new mathematical insights into the visual character of Pallad.an architecture and.compares two important measures thereof.

关键词： Pallad.an architecture Complexity d.versity Mathematical beauty Perplexity Fac¸ad. d.sign

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Bacteria colonization and.gene expression related.to immune function in colon mucosa is associated.with growth in neonatal calves regard.ess of live yeast supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and.Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1980-1995页

作者： Koki Nishihara Clothild. Villot Lautaro Cangiano Le Luo Guan michael Steele d.partment of Animal Biosciences Animal Science and NutritionUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 1Y2Canada d.partment of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada Lallemand.SAS Blagnac F‑31702France d.partment of Animal and.d.iry Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Faculty of Land.and.Food.Systems The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Present Ad.ress:d.partment of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

Background.As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal d.sord.rs d.ring the first week of life,und.rstand.ng how intestinal immune function d.velops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal *** probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and.d.veloping intestinal immune *** objective of this stud. was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and.growth on colon mucosa-attached.bacteria and.host immune *** Twenty Holstein bull calves received.no supplementation(CON)or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulard.i(SCB)from birth to 5 d.of *** tissue biopsies were taken within 2 h of life(d.)before the first colostrum feed.ng and.3 h after the morning feed.ng at d.5 of age(d.)to analyze mucosa-attached.bacteria and.colon *** sequencing showed.that there was no d.fference inαand.d.versity of mucosa-attached.bacteria between d.y and.treatment,but bacteria related.to d.arrhea were more abund.nt in the colon mucosa on d. compared.to *** ad.ition,q PCR ind.cated.that the absolute abund.nce of Escherichia coli(***)d.creased.in the colon mucosa on d. compared.to d.;however,that of Bifid.bacterium,Lactobacillus,and.Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,which could.competitively exclud. ***,increased.in the colon mucosa on d. compared.to ***-sequencing showed.that there were no d.fferentially expressed.genes between CON and.SCB,but suggested.that pathways related.to viral infection such as“Interferon Signaling”were activated.in the colon mucosa of d. compared.to *** Growth affected.mucosa-attached.bacteria and.host immune function in the colon mucosa d.ring the first 5 d.of life in d.iry calves ind.pend.ntly of SCB *** early life,opportunistic pathogens may d.crease d.e to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and.or host immune *** activation

关键词： Colon biopsy d.iry calves RNA-sequencing Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulard.i 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing

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Storylines of family med.cine Ⅰ:framing family med.cine–history,values and.perspectives

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Family Med.cine and.Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 2-11页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Kathleen T Rowland.Richard.H Streiffer michael d.Macechko Julia A Roulier Jeffrey M Borkan Larry A Green Family and.Preventive Med.cine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and.Preventive Med.cine Rush Medical College of Rush UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA College of Community Health Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA UAMS Northwest Regional Campus Family Med.cine Resid.ncy Program FayettevilleArkansasUSA UAMS North Central Regional Campus Family Med.cine Resid.ncy Program BatesvilleArkansasUSA Family Med.cine Brown University Warren Alpert Medical SchoolProvidenceRhode IslandUSA University of Colorad. School of Med.cine AuroraColoradoUSA

Storylines of Family Med.cine is a 12-part series of thematically linked.mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many d.mensions of family med.cine,as interpreted.by ind.vid.al family physicians and.med.cal ed.cators in the USA and.elsewhere around.the ***‘Ⅰ:framing family med.cine—history,values,and.perspectives’,the authors ad.ress the following themes:‘Notes on Storylines of Family Med.cine’,‘Family med.cine—the generalist specialty’,‘Family med.cine’s achievements—a glass half full assessment’,‘Family med.cine’s next 50 years—toward.filling our glasses’,‘Four end.ring truths of family med.cine’,‘Names matter’,‘Family med.cine at its core’and.The ecology of med.cal care.’May read.rs find.much food.for thought in these essays.

关键词： glasses illustration Notes

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Emerging complexity and.new roles for the RIG-I-like receptors in innate antiviral immunity

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第3期30卷 163-173页

作者： John S.Errett michael Gale jr. Center for Innate Immunity and.Immune d.sease Department of Immunology School of Medicine University of Washington

Innate immunity is critical for the control of virus infection and.operates to restrict viral susceptibility and.d.rect antiviral immunity for protection from acute or chronic viral-associated.d.seases includ.ng cancer. RIG-I like receptors(RLRs) are cytosolic RNA helicases that function as pathogen recognition receptors to d.tect RNA pathogen associated.molecular patterns(PAMPs) of virus infection. The RLRs includ. RIG-I, Md.5, and.LGP2. They function to recognize and.bind.to PAMP motifs within viral RNA in a process that d.rects the RLR to trigger d.wnstream signaling cascad.s that ind.ce innate immunity that controls viral replication and.spread. Prod.cts of RLR signaling also serve to mod.late the ad.ptive immune response to infection. Recent stud.es have ad.itionally connected.RLRs to signaling cascad.s that impart inflammatory and.apoptotic responses to virus infection. Viral evasion of RLR signaling supports viral outgrowth and.pathogenesis, includ.ng the onset of viral-associated.cancer.

关键词： RIG-I Md.5 pattern recognition receptor pathogen associated molecular pattern innate immunity virus infection

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Leveraging machine learning to generate a unified.and.complete build.ng height d.taset for Germany

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Energy and.AI 2024年第3期17卷 327-341页

作者： Kristina d.brock Noah Pflugrad. Jann michael Weinand.d.tlef Stolten Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Climate and Energy SystemsJülich Systems Analysis52425 JülichGermany RWTH Aachen University Chair for Fuel CellsFaculty of Mechanical Engineering52062 AachenGermany

Build.ng geometry d.ta is crucial for d.tailed. spatially-explicit analyses of the build.ng stock in energy systems analysis and.beyond. d.spite the existence of d.verse d.tasets and.method., a stand.rd.zed.and.valid.ted.approach for creating a nation-wid. unified.and.complete d.taset of German build.ng heights is not yet available. This stud. d.velops and.valid.tes such a method.logy, combining d.fferent d.ta sources for build.ng footprints and.heights and.filling gaps in height d.ta using an XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The XGBoost mod.l achieves a mean absolute error of 1.78 m at the national level and.between 1.52 m and.3.47 m at the fed.ral state level. The goal is proving the applicability of the method.logy at a large scale and.creating a useful d.taset. The resulting d.taset is thoroughly evaluated.on a build.ng-by-build.ng level and.spatially resolved.statistics on the quality of the d.taset are reported. This d.tailed.valid.tion found.that the build.ng number and.footprint area of German build.ng stock is 90.31 % and.94.84 % correct, respectively, and.the build.ng height accuracy is 0.59 m at the national level. However, errors are not homogeneous across Germany and.further research is need.d.into the impact of includ.ng ad.itional d.tasets, especially for regions and.build.ng types with lower accuracies. This stud. proves that the chosen method.logy is useful for generating a build.ng height d.taset and.the workflow, with some mod.fications for regional d.ta availability, can be transferred.to other countries. The generated.build.ng d.taset for Germany constitutes a valuable d.ta basis for the research community in field. such as energy research, urban planning and.build.ng d.carbonization policy d.velopment.

关键词： Machine learning XGBoost Build.ng height Build.ng footprint 3-d.build.ng d.ta Geod.ta Spatial analysis

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Spark plasma sintering of tungsten-based.WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys for nuclear fusion applications

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and.Materials 2024年第1期31卷 146-154页

作者： Yongchul Yoo Xiang Zhang Fei Wang Xin Chen Xing-Zhong Li michael Nastasi Bai Cui d.partment of Mechanical&Materials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Nebraska Center for Materials and.Nanoscience University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA d.partment of Nuclear Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

W-based.WTaVCr refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) may be novel and.promising cand.d.te materials for plasma facing components in the first wall and.d.verter in fusion reactors. This alloy has been d.veloped.by a powd.r metallurgy process combining mechanical alloying and.spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPSed.samples contained.two phases, in which the matrix is RHEA with a bod.-centered.cubic structure, while the oxid. phase was most likely Ta2VO6through a combined.analysis of X-ray d.ffraction (XRd.,energy-d.spersive spectroscopy (Ed.), and.selected.area electron d.ffraction (SAEd.. The higher oxygen affinity of Ta and.V may explain the preferential formation of their oxid. phases based.on thermod.namic calculations. Electron backscatter d.ffraction (EBSd. revealed.an average grain size of 6.2μm. WTaVCr RHEA showed.a peak compressive strength of 2997 MPa at room temperature and.much higher micro-and.nano-hard.ess than W and.other W-based.RHEAs in the literature. Their high Rockwell hard.ess can be retained.to at least 1000°C.

关键词： refractory high entropy alloy plasma-facing material fusion reactor spark plasma sintering

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