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Eosinophil MBP Extra.t Modula.es Oncogene Expression in Prosta.e Tumor Cells: a.Prelimina.y Study with Monola.er Cultures

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Journa. of Ca.cer Thera.y 2015年第6期6卷 482-492页

作者： Christine a. Cla.ke michael a. smith Ibra.im La.iya. Theresa.R. Va.ghn Debra.Pa.ish-Ga.se Willia. Green Pa.lette M. Furbert-Ha.ris Depa.tment of Microbiology Howard University College of Medicine Washington DC USA Howa.d University Ca.cer Center Howard University College of Medicine Washington DC USA Ca.olina.s Hospita. System Ma.ion Mullins SC USA Depa.tment of Pa.hology Howard University College of Medicine Washington DC USA Na.iona. Huma. Genome Center a. Howa.d University Howard University College of Medicine Washington DC USA

Prosta.e ca.cer is the second lea.ing ca.se of ca.cer dea.hs in the United Sta.es a.d rema.ns a.significa.t hea.th concern for men throughout the world. Despite the discovery of promising immunothera.eutic stra.egies, cura.ive outcomes rema.n elusive. We ha.e investiga.ed eosinophils a. potentia. a.ti-ca.cer effector cells, a.d ha.e reported the a.ility of their toxic gra.ula. proteins (MBP, EPO, ECP, EDN) to inhibit prosta.e tumor cell growth?in vitro. This study investiga.es the effect of eosinophil MBP extra.t on the expression of oncogenes p53, bcl-xl, ba., a.d c-myc, which modula.e tumor growth, prolifera.ion, a.d a.optosis. Briefly, gra.ula. proteins were differentia.ly extra.ted from GRC.014.22 a.d GRC.014.24, eosinophilic cell lines esta.lished in our la.ora.ory from a.pa.ient with modera.e a.thma. Protein extra.ts were fra.tiona.ed on Sepha.ex G-50 columns, a.d prosta.e tumor cell lines DU-145, LNCa., PC-3, a.d HPC8L (esta.lished in our la.ora.ory from a.tumor resected from a. a.rica. a.erica. pa.ient) were trea.ed with MBP extra.ts from the pooled third pea.s. Colony forma.ion a.d monola.er cell growth inhibition a.sa.s were used to eva.ua.e the protein’s growth inhibitory a.tivity a.a.nst prosta.e tumor cells;a.d gene expression a.a.yses, to determine p53, bcl-xl, ba., a.d c-myc oncogene expression. We show tha. the gra.ula. proteins were potent in their a.tion on HPC8L, inhibiting colony forma.ion in a.dose-dependent ma.ner. Trea.ed prosta.e tumor cell lines trended towa.d a.optosis-induction, a. evident in bcl-xl/ba. ra.ios a.ed p53 expression, a.d up or downregula.ion of c-myc. These prelimina.y results demonstra.e the growth inhibitory potentia. of eosinophil gra.ula. proteins a.d strongly support the hypothesis tha. eosinophils modula.e the expression of oncogenes a.socia.ed with prosta.e tumor prolifera.ion a.d a.optosis. More importa.tly, this study offers insights into possible a.plica.ions of eosinophilic media.ors in oncogenic-ta.geted

关键词： Eosinophils Ma.or Ba.ic Protein (MBP) Prosta.e Ca.cer HPC8L Oncogenes

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Multiple sclerosis is a. a.checkpoint: a.va.cing the progra.

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Bra.don C.smith Jessica.L.Willia.s Depa.tment of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Depa.tment of Biologica. Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a.chronic infla.ma.ory a.d demyelina.ing disea.e of the centra. nervous system(CNS). Pa.ients with MS experience sensory a.d motor function loss due to myelin a.d/or a.on da.a.e perpetua.ed b... 详细信息

关键词： Ha.ser sclerosis da.a.e

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New species a.d unexpected diversity of socia.ly pa.a.itic bees in the genus Inquilina.Michener （Hymenoptera. a.oidea. a.ida.）

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Insect Science 2009年第4期16卷 343-350页

作者： Ja.lyn a. smith michael P. Schwa.z Flinders University School of Biological Sciences Adelaide South Austrafia Australia

a.loda.ine bees present pa.ticula. problems for ta.onomy due to a.high level of morphologica. conserva.ism in a.ults, even between genera. However, this tribe of bees a.so presents a.unique opportunity to explore the evolution of socia. pa.a.itism beca.se of the compa.a.ively la.ge number of origins of socia.ly pa.a.itic species. Morphologica. differences presented here, a.ong with DNa.sequence da.a.a.d molecula. phylogenetic a.a.yses, indica.e a.much la.ger number of a.stra.ia. socia. pa.a.ite species in the genus Inquilina.tha. previously a.ticipa.ed, a.d suggest tha. the fina. number of socia.ly pa.a.itic species ma. be considera.le. We describe five new species a.d present sequence da.a.tha. will help elucida.e the delinea.ion of further new species. Inquilina.provides a.unique opportunity to study the evolution of socia. pa.a.itism in socia. insects, but further studies will need to encompa.s both popula.ion genetic a.d phylogenetic a.proa.hes.

关键词： a.loda.ine bee molecula. phylogenetics socia. pa.a.ite

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Polyethylene glycol ha. immunoprotective effects on scia.ic a.logra.ts, but beha.iora. recovery a.d gra.t tolera.ce require neurorrha.hy a.d a.ona. fusion

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler a.smith Liwen Zhou Ca.eron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Ca.hy Z.Ya.g Ha.ey O.Tucker Julia.ne a.lgood Ja.ed S.Bushma. George D.Bittner Depa.tment of Molecula. Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Depa.tment of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pha.ma.eutica. Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Beha.iora. recovery using(via.le)periphera. nerve a.logra.ts to repa.r a.la.ion-type(segmenta.-loss)periphera. nerve injuries is dela.ed or poor due to slow a.d ina.cura.e a.ona. ***,such periphera. nerve a.logra.ts undergo immunologica. rejection by the host immune *** contra.t,periphera. nerve injuries repa.red by polyethylene glycol fusion of periphera. nerve a.logra.ts exhibit excellent beha.iora. recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,a.d ma.y a.ons do not undergo Wa.leria. *** rela.ive contribution of neurorrha.hy a.d polyethylene glycol-fusion of a.ons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se wa. unknown prior to this *** hypothesized tha. polyethylene glycol might ha.e some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion wa. necessa.y to prevent Wa.leria. degenera.ion a.d functiona./beha.iora. *** exa.ined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se a.fect functiona. a.d beha.iora. recovery a.d periphera. nerve a.logra.t morphologica. a.d immunologica. responses in the a.sence of polyethylene glycol-induced a.ona. ***-type scia.ic nerve injuries in outbred Spra.ue–Da.ley ra.s were repa.red a.cording to a.modified protocol using the sa.e solutions a. polyethylene glycol-fused periphera. nerve a.logra.ts,but periphera. nerve a.logra.ts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with a. intentiona. ga. of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of periphera. nerve a.logra.t a.ons with host *** to nega.ive control periphera. nerve a.logra.ts not trea.ed by polyethylene glycol a.d in contra.t to polyethylene glycol-fused periphera. nerve a.logra.ts,a.ima.s with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol periphera. nerve a.logra.ts exhibited Wa.leria. degenera.ion for a.l a.ons a.d myelin degenera.ion by 7 da.s postopera.ively a.d did not recover scia.ic-media.ed beha.iora. functions by 42 da.s *** morphologica. signs of rejection,such a. col

关键词： a.logra.t rejection a.otomy ma.ropha.e myelin nerve repa.r polyethylene glycol(PEG) scia.ic nerve T cell tra.spla.ta.ion Wa.leria. degenera.ion

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How might epigenetics contribute to ecologica. specia.ion？

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 686-696页

作者： Gilbert smith michael G. RITCHIE Depa.tment of Ecology a.d Evolutiona.y Biology University of California Irvine California USA School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Specia.ion resea.ch ha. seen a.renewed interest in ecologica. specia.ion, which empha.ises divergent ecologica. se- lection lea.ing to the evolution of reproductive isola.ion. Selection from divergent ecologies mea.s tha. phenotypic pla.ticity ca. pla. a. importa.t role in ecologica. specia.ion. Phenotypic pla.ticity involves the induction of phenotypes over the lifetime of a. orga.ism a.d emerging evidence suggests tha. epigenetic ma.ks such a. cytosine a.d protein （histone） modifica.ions might regu- la.e such environmenta. induction. Epigenetic ma.ks pla. a.wide role in a.va.iety of processes including development, sex dif- ferentia.ion a.d a.loca.ion, sexua. conflict, regula.ion of tra.sposa.le elements a.d phenotypic pla.ticity. Here we describe recent studies tha. investiga.e epigenetic mecha.isms in a.va.iety of contexts. There is mounting evidence for environmenta.ly induced epigenetic va.ia.ion a.d for the sta.le inherita.ce of epigenetic ma.ks between genera.ions. Thus, epigenetica.ly-ba.ed pheno- typic pla.ticity ma. pla. a.role in a.a.ta.ion a.d ecologica. specia.ion. However, there is less evidence for the inherita.ce of in- duced epigenetic va.ia.ion a.ross multiple genera.ions in a.ima.s. Currently few studies of ecologica. specia.ion incorpora.e the potentia. for the involvement of epigenetica.ly-ba.ed induction of phenotypes, a.d we a.gue tha. this is a. importa.t omission [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 686-696, 2013 ].

关键词： Ecologica. specia.ion a.a.ta.ion Reproductive isola.ion Phenotypic pla.ticity Epigenetic mecha.isms

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Fa.ulta.ive socia. pa.a.itism in the a.loda.ine bee Ma.roga.ea.berentyensis

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Insect Science 2007年第1期14卷 65-69页

作者： Ja.LYN a. smith School of Biologica. Sciences Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia

Previous resea.ch on socia. pa.a.itism ha. la.gely ignored a.loda.ine socia. pa.a.ites, which is surprising given the huge potentia. of these bees to provide a.better understa.ding of socia. pa.a.itism. Ma.roga.ea.berentyensis, a.species tha. wa. previously suggested to be a.socia. pa.a.ite, wa. collected in nests of M. ellioti, a.d a.so in nests consisting of only M. berentyensis. These f＇mdings, a.ong with morphologica. a.d phylogenetic evidence, show tha. this species is a.fa.ulta.ive socia. pa.a.ite. In the independently living M. berentyensis nests, brood were present tha. ha. been rea.ed to a. a.va.ced sta.e, suggesting tha.：（i） these pa.a.ites ma. be effective a. fora.ing a.d ca.ing for their brood; or （ii） these nests ma. be colonies where a.l the hosts ha. died, a.d these pa.a.ites ha. yet to disperse. Ma.roga.ea.berentyensis is the closest rela.ive of the fa.ulta.ive socia. pa.a.ite, M. a.ta.osy, a.d both these species represent the most recent evolutiona.y origin of socia. pa.a.itism within the a.loda.ines. Further beha.iora. resea.ch on both these pa.a.itic species would therefore ha.e importa.t implica.ions for the understa.ding of the evolution of socia. pa.a.itism.

关键词： a.loda.ine bee fa.ulta.ive socia. pa.a.itism Ma.roga.ea

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a.Sca.a.le Testing Fra.ework for Loca.ion-Ba.ed Services

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Journa. of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 386-404页

作者： Jia.g Yu a.drew Ta.penden Ja.es Miller michael smith University of a.berta Edmonton T6G 2E1 Canada University of Ca.ga.y Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada

a.novel testing fra.ework for loca.ion ba.ed services is introduced. In pa.ticula., the pa.er showca.es a.novel a.chitecture for such a.fra.ework. The implementa.ion of the fra.ework illustra.es both the functiona.ity a.d the fea.ibility of the fra.ework proposed a.d the utility of the a.chitecture. The new fra.ework is eva.ua.ed through compa.ison to severa. other methodologies currently a.a.la.le for the testing of loca.ion-ba.ed a.plica.ions. a.ca.e study is presented in which the testing fra.ework wa. a.plied to a.typica. mobile service tra.king system. It is concluded tha. the proposed testing fra.ework a.hieves the best covera.e of the entire loca.ion ba.ed service testing problem of the currently a.a.la.le methodologies; being equipped to test the widest a.ra. of a.plica.ion a.tributes a.d a.lowing for the a.toma.ion of testing a.tivities.

关键词： loca.ion ba.ed a.plica.ions loca.ion-ba.ed services M-commerce softwa.e testing

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Chondroitina.e a.C combined with Schwa.n cell tra.spla.ta.ion enha.ces restora.ion of neura. connection a.d functiona. recovery following a.ute a.d chronic spina. cord injury

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2025年第5期20卷 1467-1482页

作者： Wenrui Qu Xia.gbing Wu Wei Wu Ying Wa.g Ya. Sun Lingxia. Deng Melissa.Wa.ker Chen Chen Heqia. Da. Qi Ha. Ying Ding Yongzhi Xia.George smith Rui Li Na.-Kui Liu Xia.-Ming Xu Spina. Cord a.d Bra.n Injury Resea.ch Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Depa.tment of Ha.d Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Shriners Hospita.s Pedia.ric Resea.ch Center Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Depa.tment of a.a.omy&Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Schwa.n cell tra.spla.ta.ion is considered one of the most promising cell-ba.ed thera.y to repa.r injured spina. cord due to its unique growth-promoting a.d myelin-forming properties.a.the Food a.d Drug a.ministra.ion-a.proved Pha.e I clinica. tria. ha. been conducted to eva.ua.e the sa.ety of tra.spla.ted huma. a.tologous Schwa.n cells to trea. pa.ients with spina. cord injury.a.ma.or cha.lenge for Schwa.n cell tra.spla.ta.ion is tha. gra.ted Schwa.n cells a.e confined within the lesion ca.ity,a.d they do not migra.e into the host environment due to the inhibitory ba.rier formed by injury-induced glia. sca.,thus limiting a.ona. reentry into the host spina. *** we introduce a.combina.oria. stra.egy by suppressing the inhibitory extra.ellula. environment with injection of lentivirus-media.ed tra.sfection of chondroitina.e a.C gene a. the rostra. a.d ca.da. borders of the lesion site a.d simulta.eously levera.ing the repa.r ca.a.ity of tra.spla.ted Schwa.n cells in a.ult ra.s following a.mid-thora.ic contusive spina. cord *** report tha. when the glia. sca. wa. degra.ed by chondroitina.e a.C a. the rostra. a.d ca.da. lesion borders,Schwa.n cells migra.ed for considera.le dista.ces in both rostra. a.d ca.da. *** Schwa.n cell migra.ion led to enha.ced a.ona. regrowth,including the serotonergic a.d dopa.inergic a.ons origina.ing from supra.pina. regions,a.d promoted recovery of locomotor a.d urina.y bla.der ***,the Schwa.n cell surviva. a.d a.ona. regrowth persisted up to 6 months a.ter the injury,even when trea.ment wa. dela.ed for 3 months to mimic chronic spina. cord *** findings collectively show promising evidence for a.combina.oria. stra.egy with chondroitina.e a.C a.d Schwa.n cells in promoting remodeling a.d recovery of function following spina. cord injury.

关键词： a.ona. regrowth bla.der function chondroitina.e a.C functiona. recovery glia. sca. lentivirus migra.ion Schwa.n cell spina. cord injury tra.spla.ta.ion

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Resolving SSM/I-Ship Ra.a. Ra.nfa.l Discrepa.cies from a.P-3

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a.va.ces in a.mospheric Sciences 2005年第6期22卷 903-914页

作者： Song Ya.G Eric a. smith School of Computa.iona. Sciences George Mason University Fairfax VA USA Na.a.Godda.d Spa.e Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA

The third a.gorithm intercompa.ison project （a.P-3） involved ra.n estima.es from more tha. 50 sa.ellite ra.nfa.l a.gorithms a.d ground ra.a. mea.urements within the Intensive Flux a.ra. （IFa. over the equa.oria. western Pa.ific wa.m pool region during the Tropica. Ocea. Globa. a.mosphere coupled Ocea.-a.mosphere Response Experiment （TOGa.COa.E）. Ea.ly results indica.ed tha. there wa. a.sys- tema.ic bia. between ra.nra.es from sa.ellite pa.sive microwa.e a.d ground ra.a. mea.urements. The mea. ra.nra.e from ra.a. mea.urements is a.out 50% underestima.ed compa.ed to tha. from pa.sive microwa.e-ba.ed retrieva. a.gorithms. This pa.er is designed to a.a.yze ra.n pa.terns from the Florida.Sta.e University ra.n retrieva. a.gorithm a.d ra.a. mea.urements to understa.d physica.ly the ra.n discrep- a.cies. Results show tha. there is a.clea. ra.ge-dependent bia. a.socia.ed with the ra.a. mea.urements. However, this ra.ge-dependent systema.ica. bia. is a.most elimina.ed with the corrected ra.a. ra.nra.es. Results suggest tha. the effects from ra.a. a.tenua.ion correction, ca.ibra.ion a.d bea. filling a.e the ma.or sources of ra.n discrepa.cies. This study demonstra.es tha. ra.n retrieva.s ba.ed on sa.ellite mea. surements from pa.sive microwa.e ra.iometers such a. the Specia. Sensor of Microwa.e Ima.er （SSM/I） a.e relia.le, while ra.n estima.es from ground ra.a. mea.urements a.e correcta.le.

关键词： ra.nfa.l SSM/I ra.a. sa.ellite microwa.e mea.urements

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MicroRNa., development of Ba.rett’s esopha.us, a.d progression to esopha.ea. a.enoca.cinoma

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2010年第5期16卷 531-537页

作者： Ca.eron M smith Da.id I Wa.son michael Z michael Da.ia. J Hussey Depa.tment of Surgery Flinders University Room 3D211 Flinders Medical Centre Bedford Park South Australia 5042 Australia Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology & Hepa.ology Flinders University Bedford Park South Australia 5042 Australia

Ba.rett's esopha.us is a.prema.igna.t condition ca.sed by ga.troesopha.ea. reflux. Once developed, it ca. progress through va.ying gra.es of dyspla.ia.to esoph-a.ea. a.enoca.cinoma. Whilst it is well a.cepted tha. Ba.rett's esopha.us is ca.sed by ga.troesopha.ea. reflux, the molecula. mecha.isms of its pa.hogenesis a.d progression to ca.cer rema.n unclea.. MicroRNa. (miRNa.) a.e short segments of RNa.tha. ha.e been shown to control the expression of ma.y huma. genes. They ha.e been implica.ed in most cellula. processes, a.d the role of miRNa. in disea.e development is be-coming increa.ingly evident. Understa.ding a.tered miRNa.expression is likely to help unra.el the molecula. mecha.isms tha. underpin the development of Ba.rett's esopha.us a.d its progression to ca.cer.

关键词： Ba.rett’s esopha.us MicroRNA Esopha.ea. a.enoca.cinoma Tra.sdifferentia.ion Tumour suppressor

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