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model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第12期24卷 1321-1331页

作者： Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela m Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie Essa A mohamed Kristin C mara William S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian E Peters Joseph G Balsanek melissa m ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise m Harnois michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich melissa R Snyder Terry m Therneau Lewis R Roberts Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States University of Puerto Rico medical Sciences Campus San Juan 00921Puerto Rico Department of medicine Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalThai Red Cross SocietyBangkok 10400Thailand Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Division of Laboratory medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Transplantation Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Wako Life Sciences IncorporatedMountain ViewCA 94043United States

AIm To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver *** BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD).

关键词： alpha-fetoprotein AFP-L3 des-gammacarboxyprothrombin BALAD BALAD-2 Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplant Recurrence Outcome

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Late/middle/Early/Ichnocambrian： a communication-friendly nomenclature for the epochs of a quadripartite Cambrian Period

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Episodes 2006年第2期29卷 128-129页

作者： Stephen m. Rowland melissa Hicks Department of Geoscience University of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada 89154 USA Exxon mobil Upstream Research Co. P.O. Box 2189 Houston Texas 77252 US

The International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy has voted to abandon the traditional tripartite subdivision of the Cambrian Period in favor of a quadripartite structure. Each of the four newly defined epochs will be assigned a name based on the location of the GSSP that defines the base of its basal stage. We do not question the biostratigraphic appropriateness of subdividing the Cambrian Period into four epochs rather than three, however we argue that it is unnecessary and unwise to completely abandon the widely used, easily remembered, relative-position-specific names Early, middle, and Late Cambrian. We propose a simple epoch nomenclature, which retains the familiar names for the intervals of strata to which they have traditionally been applied, and adds just a single, new, easily-remembered name - Ichnocambrian -for the ichnofossil-defined, pre-trilobite-bearing portion of the Cambrian.

关键词：中世纪寒武纪地质年代古地质

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A Critical Review of Social Resilience Properties and Pathways in Disaster management

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 790-804页

作者： A.m.Aslam Saja melissa Teo Ashantha Goonetilleke Abdul mZivath Faculty of Engineering.South Eastern University of Sri Lanka Oluvil 32360Sri Lanka Science and Engineering Faculty.Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Brisbane.Queensland 4001Australia Zedz Consultants Pty Ltd HillcrestQLD 4118Australia

Resilience as a concept is multi-faceted with complex *** a disaster context,there is lack of consistency in conceptualizing social *** results in ambiguity of its definition,properties,and pathways for assessment.A number of key research gaps exist for critically reviewing social resilience conceptualization,projecting resilience properties in a disaster-development continuum,and delineating a resilience trajectory in a multiple disaster *** review addressed these research gaps by critically reviewing social resilience definitions,properties,and *** review found four variations in social resilience definitions,which recognize the importance of abilities of social systems and processes in disaster phases at different levels.A review of resilience properties and pathways in the disaster resilience literature suggested new resilience properties—“risk-sensitivity”and“regenerative”in the timeline of two consecutive *** review highlights a causal pathway for social resilience to better understand the resilience status in a multi-shock scenario by depicting inherent and adaptive resilience for consecutive disaster scenarios and a historical case study for a resilience trajectory in a multiple disaster *** review findings will assist disaster management policymakers and practitioners to formulate appropriate resilience enhancement strategies within a holistic framework in a multi-disaster timeline.

关键词： Community resilience Disaster resilience Resilience assessment Resilience measurement Resilience properties

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magnetic field induction and magnetic force distribution profiles in plasma focus discharge device

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第7期23卷 110-120页

作者： A A LASHIN T m ALLAm H A EL-SAYED Kamal m AHmED S A ward H m SOLImANand m A ABOUELATTA Plasma and Nuclear Fusion Department Nuclear Research CentreEgyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityInshas 13759Egypt Faculty of Engineering Delta University for Science and TechnologyGamasa 11152Egypt Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairo 11629Egypt

We report a simple-to-perform technique to investigate the distribution of the azimuthal magnetic field induction,Bθ,and the induced magnetic force acting on the plasma current sheath(PCS)in a plasma focus(PF)*** in situ measurement technique can undoubtedly be beneficial when other fast-imaging techniques are not *** are not *** work was conducted in the low-energy mather-type EAEA-PF1 device operated in *** axial distribution(Bθ)z along the coaxial electrodes system was measured with a four magnetic-probe set technique at different radial distances(r=2.625×10^(−2) to 4.125×10^(−2) m)within the annular space between the coaxial electrodes during the 1st and 2nd half cycles of the discharge current waveform,where inner electrode of coaxial electrode system has a+ve polarity and−ve polarity,***,radial and total magnetic force distribution profiles were estimated from Bθ*** of PCS shape in terms of its inclination(curvature)angle,θ,along the axial rundown phase and the correlation between the magnetic forces per unit volume acting on the PCS,the inclination angleθof the PCS,and the formation of a powerful PF action during the 1st and 2nd half cycles is carried *** of inclination angle,θ,on total magnetic force per unit volume acting on PCS axial motion was studied,separately,during the 1st and 2nd half cycles.

关键词： plasma focus azimuthal magnetic field magnetic force inclination angle plasma current sheath

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Semistructured interviewing in primary care research:a balance of relationship and rigour

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Family medicine and Community Health 2019年第2期7卷 30-37页

作者： melissa DeJonckheere Lisa m Vaughn Department of Family medicine University of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA Division of Emergency medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhioUSA

Semistructured in-depth interviews are commonly used in qualitative research and are the most frequent qualitative data source in health services *** method typically consists of a dialogue between researcher and participant,guided by a flexible interview protocol and supplemented by follow-up questions,probes and *** method allows the researcher to collect open-ended data,to explore participant thoughts,feelings and beliefs about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive *** purpose of this article was to identify and describe the essential skills to designing and conducting semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research *** reviewed the literature on semistructured interviewing to identify key skills and components for using this method in family medicine and primary care research ***,semistructured interviewing requires both a relational focus and practice in the skills of *** include:(1)determining the purpose and scope of the study;(2)identifying participants;(3)considering ethical issues;(4)planning logistical aspects;(5)developing the interview guide;(6)establishing trust and rapport;(7)conducting the interview;(8)memoing and reflection;(9)analysing the data;(10)demonstrating the trustworthiness of the research;and(11)presenting findings in a paper or *** interviews provide an effective and feasible research method for family physicians to conduct in primary care research *** using semistructured interviews for data collection should take on a relational focus and consider the skills of interviewing to ensure *** interviewing can be a powerful tool for family physicians,primary care providers and other health services researchers to use to understand the thoughts,beliefs and experiences of *** the utility,semistructured interviews can be intimidating and challenging for

关键词： interview qualitative thoughts

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Omeprazole induces gastric transmucosal permeability to the peptide bradykinin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： melissa Gabello mary Carmen Valenzano E Peter Zurbach James m mullin Lankenau Institute for medical Research 100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States Department of Biology Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Department of Chemistry Saint Joseph's University5600 City AvenuePhiladelphiaPA 19131United States Division of Gastroenterology Lankenau Hospital100 Lancaster AvenueWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIm:To investigate omeprazole-induced transepithelial gastric leak and its effects on the permeability of the peptides bradykinin and ***:Rat gastric corpus tissue was isolated and mounted in an Ussing chamber apparatus to evaluate the permeability of 3H-bradykinin,3H-oxytocin,and 14CEDTA in the presence or absence of *** chromatography was performed to identify any metabolic breakdown products of the peptides resulting from permeation through the gastric tissue,and thereby calculate the true flux of the ***:The flux rate ofintact 3H-bradykinin increased substantially after omeprazole addition (109.5%) compared to the DmSO vehicle control (14%).No corresponding change in flux ofintact 3H-oxytocin was observed under the same conditions (11.9% and 6.4% in the DmSO-and omeprazole-treated conditions,respectively).After exposure to omeprazole,the flux rate of 14C-EDTA also increased dramatically (122.3%) compared to the DmSO condition (36.3%).CONCLUSION:The omeprazole-induced gastric leak allows for transmucosal permeability to charged molecules as well as *** induced leak will allow certain peptides to permeate.

关键词： Proton pump inhibitor Paracellular Drug delivery Tight junction Transepithelial

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Inverse-designed silicon carbide quantum and nonlinear photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第9期12卷 1886-1892页

作者： Joshua Yang melissa A.Guidry Daniil m.Lukin Kiyoul Yang Jelena Vučković E.L.Ginzton Laboratory Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA

Inverse design has revolutionized the field of photonics,enabling automated development of complex structures and geometries with unique functionalities unmatched by classical ***,the use of inverse design in nonlinear photonics has been *** this work,we demonstrate quantum and classical nonlinear light generation in silicon carbide nanophotonic inverse-designed Fabry-Pérot *** achieve ultra-low reflector losses while targeting a pre-specified anomalous dispersion to reach optical parametric *** controlling dispersion through inverse design,we target a second-order phase-matching condition to realize second-and third-order nonlinear light generation in our devices,thereby extending stimulated parametric processes into the visible *** first realization of computational optimization for nonlinear light generation highlights the power of inverse design for nonlinear optics,in particular when combined with highly nonlinear materials such as silicon carbide.

关键词： spectrum. nonlinear inverse

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How should immunomodulators be optimized when used as combination therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in the management of inflammatory bowel disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11331-11342页

作者： mark G ward Peter m Irving miles P Sparrow Department of Gastroenterology The Alfred Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

In the last 15 years the management of inflammatory bowel disease has evolved greatly,largely through the increased use of immunomodulators and,especially,anti-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF) biologic agents. Within this time period,confidence in the use of anti-TNFs has increased,whilst,especially in recent years,the efficacy and safety of thiopurines has been questioned. Yet despite recent concerns regarding the risk: benefit profile of thiopurines,combination therapy with an immunomodulator and an anti-TNF has emerged as the recommended treatment strategy for the majority of patients with moderate-severe disease,especially those who are recently diagnosed. Concurrently,therapeutic drug monitoring has emerged as a means of optimizing the dosage of both immunomodulators and antiTNFs. However the recommended therapeutic target levels for both drug classes were largely derived from studies of monotherapy with either agent,or studies underpowered to analyze outcomes in combination therapy patients. It has been assumed that these target levels are applicable to patients on combination therapy also,however there are few data to support this. Similarly,the timing and duration of treatment with immunomodulators when used in combination therapy remains unknown. Recent attention,including post hoc analyses of the pivotal registration trials,has focused on the optimization of anti-TNF agents,when used as either monotherapy or combination therapy. This review will instead focus on how best to optimize immunomodulators when used in combination therapy,including an evaluation of recent data addressing unanswered questions regarding the optimal timing,dosage and duration of immunomodulator therapy in combination therapy patients.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Thiopurines Drug monito

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Non-operative successful management of a perforated small bowel diverticulum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18477-18479页

作者： melissa m Levack maria Lucia madariaga Haytham mA Kaafarani Division of Trauma Department of Surgery SurgicalCritical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard MedicalSchool Boston MA 02114 United States

Jejunoileal diverticula are rare and generally asymptomatic. In the few cases of patients who develop complications such as diverticulitis, perforation, obstruction, and/or hemorrhage, conventional treatment consists of surgical resection. We describe a case of perforated jejunoileal diverticulum with localized abscess and highlight the merits of surgical vs medical management. The patient is a 77-year-old male who presented with sharp, constant abdominal pain just inferior to the umbilicus. Administration of intravenous antibiotics results in complete and long-term resolution of the patient’s symptoms. In this report, we establish a framework for safely treating perforated small bowel diverticulum without surgical exploration.

关键词： Jejunal diverticula Diverticulitis Small bowel perforation Antibiotics Abscess

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Bayesian modeling of dynamic behavioral change during an epidemic

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第4期8卷 947-963页

作者： Caitlin ward Rob Deardon Alexandra m.Schmidt Division of Biostatistics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Faculty of Veterinary medicine University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Department of mathematics and Statistics University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Department of Epidemiology Biostatisticsand Occupational HealthMontrealQCCanada

For many infectious disease outbreaks,the at-risk population changes their behavior in response to the outbreak severity,causing the transmission dynamics to change in *** change is often ignored in epidemic modeling efforts,making these models less useful than they could *** address this by introducing a novel class of datadriven epidemic models which characterize and accurately estimate behavioral *** proposed model allows time-varying transmission to be captured by the level of“alarm”in the population,with alarm specified as a function of the past epidemic *** investigate the estimability of the population alarm across a wide range of scenarios,applying both parametric functions and non-parametric functions using splines and Gaussian *** model is set in the data-augmented Bayesian framework to allow estimation on partially observed epidemic *** benefit and utility of the proposed approach is illustrated through applications to data from real epidemics.

关键词： Bayesian inference Compartmental model SIR SEIR Transmission modeling

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