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Modeling neuropsychiatric disorders using human induced pluripotent stem cells

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Protein & Cell 2020年第1期11卷 45-59页

作者： Meiyan wang Lei Zhang Fred H.Gage Laboratory of Genetics The Salk Institute for Biological Studies10010 N.Torrey Pines RdLa JollaCA 92037USA Neurobiology Section Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex disorders characterized by heterogeneous genetic variations,variable symptoms,and widespread changes in anatomical pathology.In the context of neuropsychiatric disorders,limited access to relevant tissue types presents challenges for understanding disease etiology and developing effective treatments.Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)reprogrammed from patient somatic cells offer an opportunity to recapitulate disease development in relevant cell types,and they provide novel approaches for understanding disease mechanisms and for development of effective treatments.Here we review recent progress and challenges in differentiation paradigms for generating disease-relevant cells and recent studies of neuropsychiatric disorders using human pluripotent stem cell(hPSC)models where cellular phenotypes linked to disease have been reported.The use of iPSC-based disease models holds great promise for understanding disease mechanisms and supporting discovery of effective treatments.

关键词： neuropsychiatric disorders iPSCs brain organoid schizophrenia autism spectrum disorder bipolar disorder

Inequality of Opportunity in China's Labor Earnings: The Gender Dimension

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China & World Economy 2019年第1期27卷 28-50页

作者： Jane Golley Yixiao Zhou Meiyan wang Australian Centre on China in the World Australian National University Australia School of Economics Finance and PropertyCurtin University Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social SciencesChina

This paper investigates the inequality of opportunity in China's labor earnings,defined as the component of inequality determined by personal circumstances that lie beyond the control of an individual,of which gender is one,as opposed to the component determined by personal efforts.Using the Survey of Women's Social Status in China (2010),we measure the share of inequality of opportunity in the total inequality of individual labor earnings for people aged 26-55 years,and separately for six birth cohorts and for female and male subsamples.Gender is revealed as the single most important circumstance determining nationwide individual labor earnings,with one's region of residence, father's occupation,father's education,birth cohort and holding rural or urban hukou also playing significant roles.A further investigation into the roles of circumstances and personal efforts (including education level,occupation,Communist Party membership, migration and marital status)confirms that circumstances play.an alarmingly high role in shaping labor earnings distribution in China,and reveals notable gender differences that cannot be attributed to personal effort alone.These results provide the basis for recommending ways to improve gender equality of opportunity in the future.

关键词： China gende inequality of opportunity

Self-organizing strategy design and validation forintegrated air-ground detection swarm

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2016年第5期27卷 1018-1027页

作者： meiyan An Zhaokui wang Yulin Zhang School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Astronaut Center of China Beijing 100193China

A self-organized integrated air-ground detection swarmis tentatively applied to achieve reentry vehicle landing detection,such as searching and rescuing a manned spaceship. The detectionswarm consists of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）and unmanned ground vehicles （UGVs）. The UAVs can accessa detected object quickly for high mobility, while the UGVs cancomprehensively investigate the object due to the variety of carriedequipment. In addition, the integrated air-ground detectionswarm is capable of detecting from the ground and the air simultaneously.To accomplish the coordination of the UGVs andUAVs, they are all regarded as individuals of the artificial swarm.Those individuals make control decisions independently of othersbased on the self-organizing strategy. The overall requirements forthe detection swarm are analyzed, and the theoretical model ofthe self-organizing strategy based on a combined individual andenvironmental virtual function is established. The numerical investigationproves that the self-organizing strategy is suitable andscalable to control the detection swarm. To further inspect the engineeringreliability, an experiment set is established in laboratory,and the experimental demonstration shows that the self-organizingstrategy drives the detection swarm forming a close range and multiangularsurveillance configuration of a landing spot.

关键词： artificial swarm virtual potential field self-organizing,integrated air-ground detection swarm.

Rural Labor Migration and Poverty Reduction in China

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China & World Economy 2017年第6期25卷 45-64页

作者： Peng Jia Yang Du Meiyan wang Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences China

Using various sources of data, this paper examines the contributions of rural labor migration to economic growth and poverty reduction in China. The results show that there is still a significant number of people living in poverty in rural areas, while the effectiveness of migration on poverty reduction has declined, implying an urgent need for new approaches to poverty reduction. China's experiences could also be valuable for the formulation of development strategies in other developing countries.

关键词：农村劳动力转移发展中国家扶贫贫困人口劳动力流动经济增长农村地区

Structure variety and its effects on biological activity of tea polysaccharides

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第3期11卷 587-597页

作者： Ting Hu Peng Wu Jianfeng Zhan Weixin wang Junfeng Shen Meiyan wang Chi-Tang Ho Shiming Li Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggang 438000China School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of CommerceTianjin 300134China Department of Food Science Rutgers UniversityNJ 08901USA

Tea polysaccharides(TPSs),one of the major bioactive ingredients in tea,have been widely studied due to their variety of biological activities,including antioxidant,cancer prevention,hypoglycemia,anti-fatigue,anti-coagulant,anti-obesity and immunomodulatory effect.The biological effectiveness of TPSs has direct relation with their structures such as monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,glycosidic linkages,conformation and others,which can be influenced by tea materials,processing methods,extraction and purification procedures among others.Comparing to the study of tea polyphenols,the exploration of TPSs in structural elucidation and biofunctionality is very preliminary.Yet several factors affecting the structural change of TPSs have been studied and identified.Consequently,the variation of some TPS biological activity brought by the change of TPS structures has been evaluated and preliminary correlation of structure activity relationship of TPSs has been performed.Therefore,this review aims to serve as a summary research report regarding the influencing factors on TPSs structures and consequential effects on the biological activities of TPSs.We hope to provide updated information and systematic references for future study and functional food development of TPSs.

关键词： Tea polysaccharides Structure variety Bioactivities Relationship Influencing factors

Emerging Urban Poverty and Effects of the Dibao Program on Alleviating Poverty in China

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China & World Economy 2007年第2期15卷 74-88页

作者： Meiyan wang Institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing China

The present paper describes the current urban poverty situation, examines the factors affecting the probability of a household being in poverty and investigates how the urban minimum living standard guarantee （dibao） program helps poor people to get out of poverty. The targeting efficiency of the urban dibao program is discussed. The present study finds that the poverty rate of households with unemployed workers is much higher than that of households without unemployed workers. The urban dibao program is helpful in reducing poverty rates, but it does not reduce poverty rates too much. The government should place emphasis on helping laid-off and unemployed workers to become reemployed. The most urgent problem for the dibao program is improving the efficiency of targeting.

关键词： dibao program unemployment urban poverty

A four-dimensional interaction-based appraisal approach towards the performance enhancement of a vehicular waste heat recovery system

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2921-2941页

作者： LU BoWen SHI LingFeng TIAN Hua wang Xuan ZHANG meiyan SHU GeQun Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

The non-linear multifactorial impacts on fuel-saving potential constrain the practical performance of the vehicular waste heat recovery system(WHRS). This study proposed a four-dimensional interaction-based appraisal approach to interpreting these impacts for enhancing WHRS's in-vehicle performance. The interaction incorporates a heat exchanger, configuration, engine,and vehicle. The proposed approach comprises two successive steps, emphasizing evaluation under the rated(Step 1) and off-design(Step 2) heat source conditions. A case study of waste heat recovery from a passenger vehicle was conducted to evaluate the in-vehicle performance of a novel co-split system and two single-split ones(with/without a regenerator) through this approach. The novel system theoretically modifies vehicular performance but remains ambiguous concerning real-world behaviour, which is assessed and verified by the proposed approach. Two key factors determining vehicular performance were identified by Step 1, namely, net power output and engine backpressure. As the co-split system modified both factors, its fuel-saving potential could be increased by up to 20.3% compared with single-split systems. Also, the limiting factor for off-design performance was pinpointed by Step 2, namely, the mismatch between the heat source and working fluid, which led to the solution, i.e., the synergistic split regulation of the working fluid and heat source. An up to 8.8% improvement in net power output was achieved by the co-split system at off-design heat sources compared with fixed split ratios. Consequently, the approach enables holistic performance improvement of the vehicular WHRS under design/off-design heat source conditions.

关键词： waste heat recovery passenger vehicle in-vehicle scenario dual heat source operational flexibility

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婚姻生育状况对劳动参与的影响研究

学术研究 2023年第11期 90-97页

作者：王美艳中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所北京100006

基于中国城市劳动力调查数据,本文对劳动力市场上劳动参与率的基本状况、性别差距和影响因素进行分析,并考察婚姻生育状况对女性和男性劳动参与影响的差异。研究发现,与无配偶的女性相比,有配偶的女性参与劳动力市场的概率低16.0%;与无... 详细信息

基于中国城市劳动力调查数据,本文对劳动力市场上劳动参与率的基本状况、性别差距和影响因素进行分析,并考察婚姻生育状况对女性和男性劳动参与影响的差异。研究发现,与无配偶的女性相比,有配偶的女性参与劳动力市场的概率低16.0%;与无配偶的男性相比,有配偶的男性参与劳动力市场的概率高12.3%;与无0—6岁孩子的女性相比,育有0—6岁孩子的女性参与劳动力市场的概率低14.9%;与无0—6岁孩子的男性相比,育有0—6岁孩子的男性参与劳动力市场的概率高3.5%。因此,应大力完善婴幼儿照料和托幼服务体系,减轻女性的育儿和照料负担,并提高全社会的性别平等观念,努力促进性别平等。

关键词：劳动参与性别差距婚姻生育

Occurrence,distribution,and potential influencing factors of sewage sludge components derived from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants of Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 233-239页

作者： Xu wang meiyan Li Junxin Liu Jiuhui Qu Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Zhongheronghua Environmental Technology(Beijing)Co.Ltd. Beijing 100085China

Millions of tons of waste activated sludge（WAS） produced from biological wastewater treatment processes cause severe adverse environmental consequences. A better understanding of WAS composition is thus very critical for sustainable sludge management. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of several fundamental sludge constituents were explored in WAS samples from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs） of Beijing, China. Among all the components investigated, active heterotrophic biomass was dominant in the samples（up to 9478 mg/L）, followed by endogenous residues（6736 mg/L）,extracellular polymeric substances（2088 mg/L）, and intracellular storage products（464 mg/L）among others. Moreover, significant differences（p 〈 0.05） were observed in composition profiles of sludge samples among the studied WWTPs. To identify the potential parameters affecting the variable fractions of sludge components, wastewater source as well as design and operational parameters of WWTPs were studied using statistical methods. The findings indicated that the component fraction of sewage sludge depends more on wastewater treatment alternatives than on wastewater characteristics among other parameters. A principal component analysis was conducted, which further indicated that there was a greater proportion of residual inert biomass in the sludge produced by the combined system of the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and a membrane bioreactor. Additionally, a much longer solids retention time was also found to influence the sludge composition and induce an increase in both endogenous inert residues and extracellular polymeric substances in the sludge.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant Waste activated sludge Sludge component Solids retention time Extracellular polymeric substances Principal component analysis