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Predictors of Survival and Relapse among Children Diagnosed with Acute Leukemia in Northen Tanzania

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2025年第1期15卷 52-65页

作者： arnold Likiliwike Yotham Gwanika Heronima Joas Aisa Shayo Linda Kissila Esther Majaliwa Department of Pediatrics Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Kilimanjaro Tanzania Department of Oncology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Kilimanjaro Tanzania Department of Pediatrics Bugando Medical Center Mwanza Tanzania Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute Kilimanjaro Tanzania

Background: Acute Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, with two main types: ALL and AML. In Tanzania, recent improvements in treatment and survival have been noted, but the latest data is from 2013. This study will update survival and relapse information from 2013 to 2020 to help enhance future treatment strategies. Methodology: This study was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Tanzania. The study analyzed data from children diagnosed with Acute Leukemia between January 2015 to December 2020. Patient data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using STATA software. Results: This study included a total of 95 participants 64 had age less than 10 years and majority were males 56.8%, 55 had duration of symptoms for more than 1 month 66 had ALL, 49 had attained remission, the overall three years survival was 44.2% with those children with no health insurance having high risk of dying, rate of relapse was 18.4%, with those diagnosed with B-ALL having low risk of relapse. Conclusion: This study provides insights into survival and relapse predictors for childhood leukemia in northern Tanzania. It found an overall survival rate of 44.2%, with health insurance and minimal residual disease after induction being key predictors of survival. The relapse rate was 18.4%, with health insurance linked to a lower relapse risk. Health insurance emerged as a strong predictor of better survival, leading to the recommendation that all children should have health insurance. Additionally, the study suggests that policymakers should support the expansion of global health coverage in Tanzania.

关键词： Acute Leukemia Relapse Survival

The many faces of p53:something for everyone

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第7期11卷 524-530页

作者： arnold J.Levine Institute for Advanced Study PrincetonNJ 08540USA

The p53 gene,from discovery to classification:the first 10 years Forty years ago four research laboratories in London,Paris,NewYork/Bethesda,and Princeton uncovered the existence of the p53 protein (Deleo et al.,1979;Lane and Crawford,1979;Linzer and Levine,1979;Kress et al.,1979).Each laboratory came upon this protein for a different reason and with a different experimental approach that uncovered this unanticipated ***,the four papers permitted one to con elude the following:(i) in SV40-infected and transformed cells the SV40-e ncoded on cogene protein,the large T-antigen,formed a protein complex with a cellular-encoded protein of -53000 daltons in size,(ii) This p53 protein was detected at high levels in a variety of transformed cells derived from viral,chemical,or inherited (teratocarcinomas) transformation events,(iii) Nontransformed cells expressed lower levels of the p53 protein,(iv) Animals bearing tumors produced antibodies directed against the p53 protein.

关键词： discovery years protein

Transfer learning framework for multi-scale crack type classification with sparse microseismic networks

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第2期34卷 167-178页

作者： arnold Yuxuan Xie Bing QLi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Western UniversityLondon N6A 3K7Canada

Rock fracture mechanisms can be inferred from moment tensors(MT)inverted from microseismic ***,MT can only be inverted for events whose waveforms are acquired across a network of *** is limiting for underground mines where the microseismic stations often lack azimuthal ***,there is a need for a method to invert fracture mechanisms using waveforms acquired by a sparse microseismic ***,we present a novel,multi-scale framework to classify whether a rock crack contracts or dilates based on a single *** framework consists of a deep learning model that is initially trained on 2400000+manually labelled field-scale seismic and microseismic waveforms acquired across 692 *** learning is then applied to fine-tune the model on 300000+MT-labelled labscale acoustic emission waveforms from 39 individual experiments instrumented with different sensor layouts,loading,and rock types in *** optimal model achieves over 86%F-score on unseen waveforms at both the lab-and *** model outperforms existing empirical methods in classification of rock fracture mechanisms monitored by a sparse microseismic *** facilitates rapid assessment of,and early warning against,various rock engineering hazard such as induced earthquakes and rock bursts.

关键词： Multi-scale Fracture processes Microseismic Acoustic emission Source mechanism Deep learning

Thrombin-mediated vasculogenic mimicry:important lessons to improve anticoagulant therapy of selected cancer patients

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 319-320页

作者： C.arnold Spek Amsterdam UMC University of AmsterdamCenter of Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdamThe Netherlands Amsterdam UMC University of AmsterdamCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands

In a recent study published in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,*** and colleagues1 identify thrombin as a novel mediator of vasculogenic mimicry in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).This provides important mechanistic insight by which coagulation(factors)may drive tumor progression and several lessons to improve anticoagulant therapy of cancer patients can be learned from the paper.

关键词： patients cancer lung

Single-lens dynamic z-scanning for simultaneous in situ position detection and laser processing focus control

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第12期12卷 2655-2667页

作者： Xiaohan Du Camilo Florian Craig B.arnold Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Systems Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institut für Werkstofftechnik Universität Kassel34125 KasselGermany Princeton Materials Institute Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA

Existing auto-focusing methods in laser processing typically include two independent modules,one for surface detection and another for z-axis *** latter is mostly implemented by mechanical z stage motion,which is up to three orders of magnitude slower than the lateral processing *** alleviate this processing bottleneck,we developed a single-lens approach,using only one high-speed z-scanning optical element,to accomplish both in situ surface detection and focus control quasi-simultaneously in a dual-beam *** probing beam scans the surface along the z-axis continuously,and its reflection is detected by a set of confocal *** on the temporal response of the detected signal,we have developed and experimentally demonstrated a dynamic surface detection method at 140-350 kHz,with a controlled detection range,high repeatability,and minimum linearity error of 1.10%.Sequentially,by synchronizing at a corresponding oscillation phase of the z-scanning lens,the fabrication beam is directed to the probed z position for precise focus ***,our approach provides instantaneous surface tracking by collecting position information and executing focal control both at 140-350 kHz,which significantly accelerates the axial alignment process and offers great potential for enhancing the speed of advanced manufacturing processes in three-dimensional space.

关键词： dynamic beam simultaneous

How nerve-sparing technique has been applied to radiotherapy？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 898-899页

作者： Kris Prado arnold I Chin Department of Urology UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Broad Stem Cell Research Center UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 USA

The introduction of nerve-sparing technique is one of the most significantadvances in the surgical treatment of prostate cancer and heralded a shift from a curing cancer at all-cost model to a curing cancer and preser... 详细信息

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Effect of climate on provincial-level banana yield in the Philippines

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第1期7卷 50-57页

作者： arnold R.Salvacion Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning College of Human EcologyUniversity of the Philippines Los Banos College4031 LagunaPhilippines

This study assessed the effect of climate on banana yield in the Philippines using provincial level yield data and different climatic variables(*** rainfall,frequency of wet days,precipitation seasonality,annual mean temperature,temperature seasonality,and annual mean diurnal temperature range)derived from Climate Research Unit–Time Series(CRUTS)dataset from year 1991–***,trend analysis was applied to the time series of banana yield data for each province to determine presence of linear ***,based on the result of linear trend analysis,multiple regression analysis was used to assess the effect on climate on provincial-level banana *** analysis showed that 71%of banana producing area in the country experience significant yield trend while multiple regression analysis showed that only 10%of the banana producing areas in the country is significantly affected by *** to rainfall,temperature variables,specifically temperature seasonality has the greater influence on provincial-level banana yield in the Philippines.

关键词： Banana Climate Yield trend Philippines

Ecdysteroids： the overlooked sex steroids of insects？ Males： the black box

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 325-338页

作者： arnold DE LOOF Laboratory for Developmental Physiology Genomics and Proteomics Zoological Institute K.U. Leuven Leuven Belgium

The paradigm, still around in textbooks, that ＇in insects sex is strictly genetic, thus that they do not have sex hormones＇, is mainly based on a wrong interpretation of the ＇gynandromorph argument＇. It is no longer tenable. Given the fact that vertebrates and invertebrates probably had a common, sexually reproducing ancestor, there is no reason to assume that only vertebrates need sex hormones. The major function of sex hormones is to inform the somatoplasm about developmental changes that take place in the gonads. In contrast to juvenile hormone and neuropeptides, ecdysteroids meet all criteria to act as sex hormones, which was probably their ancient role. Their much better documented role in moulting and metamorphosis was a secondary acquisition that enabled arthropods to cope with growth problems, imposed by a rigid cuticle. Female insects use 20-hydroxyecdysone （20E）, secreted by the follicle cells of the ovary, in a similar way as females of egg-laying vertebrates use estrogens. For a variety of reasons, the possibility that ecdysteroids, in particular ecdysone （E）, might also act as sex hormones in male insects, thus as the counterpart of testosterone of vertebrates, has been very much overlooked. Thanks to the recent discovery of the molecular basis of the haploid-diploid system of sex determination in the honeybee, the characterization of Halloween genes, proteomics, RNAi and so on, it now becomes possible to verify whether in insects, as with vertebrates, males are the endocrinologically default gender form.

关键词： ecdysone gynandromorph Halloween genes 20-hydroxylase juvenilehormone sex determination

Tinker,tailor,soldier,cell:the role of C-type lectins in the defense and promotion of disease

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Protein & Cell 2023年第1期14卷 4-16页

作者： James N.arnold Daniel A.Mitchell School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College LondonLondon SE11ULUK Warwick Medical School University of WarwickCoventry CV22DXUK

C-type lectins(CTLs)represent a large family of soluble and membrane-bound proteins which bind calcium dependently via carbohydrate recognition domains(CRDs)to glycan residues presented on the surface of a variety of *** deconvolution of a cell’s glycan code by CTLs underpins several important physiological processes in mammals such as pathogen neutralization and opsonization,leukocyte trafficking,and the inflammatory ***,as our knowledge of CTLs has developed it has become apparent that the role of this innate immune family of proteins can be double-edged,where some pathogens have developed approaches to subvert and exploit CTL interactions to promote infection and sustain the pathological ***,CTL interactions with host glycoproteins can contribute to inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and cancer whereby,in certain contexts,they exacerbate inflammation and drive malignant *** review discusses the‘dual agent’roles of some of the major mammalian CTLs in both resolving and promoting infection,inflammation and inflammatory disease and highlights opportunities and emerging approaches for their therapeutic modulation.

关键词： C-type lectins DC-SIGN MBL selectins infection arthritis cancer