检索结果-南通市图书馆

Contextual influences on animal decision-making:Significance for behavior-based wildlife conservation and management

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2017年第1期12卷 32-48页

作者： megan A.OWEN Ronald R.SWAISGOOD Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo GlobalSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Survival and successful reproduction require animals to make critical decisions amidst a naturally dynamic environmental and social background(i.e.“context”).However,human activities have pervasively,and rapidly,extended contextual variation into evolutionarily novel territory,potentially rendering evolved animal decision-making mechanisms and strategies *** suggest that explicitly focusing on animal decision-making(ADM),by integrating and applying findings from studies of sensory ecology,cognitive psychology,behavioral economics and eco-evolutionary strategies,may enhance our understanding of,and our ability to predict how,human-driven changes in the environment and population demography will influence animal ***,the decisions animals make involve evolved mechanisms,and behaviors emerge from the combined action of sensory integration,cognitive mechanisms and strategic rules of thumb,and any of these processes may have a disproportionate influence on *** there is extensive literature exploring ADM,it generally reflects a canalized,discipline-specific approach that lacks a unified conceptual *** a result,there has been limited application of ADM theory and research findings into predictive models that can enhance management outcomes,even though it is likely that the relative resilience of species to rapid environmental change is fundamentally a result of how ADM is linked to contextual ***,we focus on how context influences ADM,and highlight ideas and results that may be most applicable to conservation biology.

关键词： animal behavior anthropogenic change context decision-making wildlife management

The global epidemiology of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in general population:A systematic review

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第4期15卷 723-739页

作者： Şiir Su Saydam megan Molnar Pareen Vora Integrated Evidence Generation Bayer AGBerlin 13353Germany

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a common and potentially life-threatening clinical *** date,the literature on the long-term global epidemiology of GIB has not been systematically *** To systematically review the published literature on the worldwide epidemiology of upper and lower *** EMBASE®and MEDLINE were queried from 01 January 1965 to September 17,2019 to identify population-based studies reporting incidence,mortality,or casefatality rates of upper GIB(UGIB)or lower GIB(LGIB)in the general adult population,*** outcome data were extracted and summarized(including data on rebleeding following initial occurrence of GIB when available).All included studies were assessed for risk of bias based upon reporting *** Of 4203 retrieved database hits,41 studies were included,comprising a total of around 4.1 million patients with GIB worldwide from 1980–***-three studies reported rates for UGIB,four for LGIB,and four presented data on *** rates ranged from 15.0 to 172.0/100000 person-years for UGIB,and from 20.5 to 87.0/100000 person-years for *** studies reported on temporal trends,generally showing an overall decline in UGIB incidence over time,although a slight increase between 2003 and 2005 followed by a decline was shown in 5/13 ***-related mortality data were available from six studies for UGIB,with rates ranging from 0.9 to 9.8/100000 person-years,and from three studies for LGIB,with rates ranging from 0.8 to 3.5/100000 *** rate ranged from 0.7%to 4.8%for UGIB and 0.5%to 8.0%for *** of rebleeding ranged from 7.3%to 32.5%for UGIB and from 6.7%to 13.5%for *** main areas of potential bias were the differences in the operational GIB definition used and inadequate information on how missing data were *** Wide variation was seen in estimates of GIB epidemiology,likely due to high heterogeneity between studies however,UGIB sho

关键词： Gastrointestinal bleeding Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Epidemiology Incidence Mortality Case-fatality

Abstract Figurative Art:The Role of Mnemonic Devices and Memory in Artistic Practices

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Abstract Figurative Art:The Role of Mnemonic Devices and Mem...

作者： megan Kate Strazzulla 中国美术学院

学位级别：硕士

纵观艺术史进程,关于心理记忆的研究一直有所欠缺。在表面上对它的讨论并不欠缺,比如文化记忆中的代际创伤在大屠杀记忆艺术史和殖民史中已经被深度讨论。甚至超现实主义者也探索了心理潜意识和记忆的领域。但是艺术中值得借鉴的关于心... 详细信息

纵观艺术史进程,关于心理记忆的研究一直有所欠缺。在表面上对它的讨论并不欠缺,比如文化记忆中的代际创伤在大屠杀记忆艺术史和殖民史中已经被深度讨论。甚至超现实主义者也探索了心理潜意识和记忆的领域。但是艺术中值得借鉴的关于心理记忆的研究分析却不多。幸运的是,当代艺术模糊了何者构成艺术的界限,让不同的领域,例如心理学,在艺术实践中变得统一。在本论文中,我将通过融合两种记忆机制——记忆的场所和绘画的效果,来讨论艺术家具有按照其意愿从繁杂的记忆中选择的自由。因此,当通过记忆来创作时,艺术家可以作出自由的选择——组织过或未经组织的记忆,抑或零星散落的记忆碎片。反过来,对艺术和艺术历史社会也有所助益,以及,在思考如何成为更有效用的人时,为心理学家和公众提供潜在的用途。

关键词：记忆方式记忆法视觉艺术心理学记忆观察绘画混合媒体当代艺术

Foraging site recursion by forest elephants Elephas maximus borneensis

同方学位论文库评论

在线全文

同方学位论文库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 551-559页

作者： megan ENGLISH Marc ANCRENAZ Graeme GILLESPIE Benoit GOOSSENS Sen NATHAN Wayne LINKLATER Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology School of Biological Sciences New Kirk Building Kelburn Parade Kelburn Campus Victoria University of Wellington 6012 New Zealand Hutan Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Project and Elephant Conservation Unit Sukau Kinabatangan Sabah Malaysia Zoology Department University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department Wisma Muis 88100 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Organisms and Environment Division School of Biosciences Cardiff University Sir Martin Evans Building Museum AvenueCardiff CF10 3AX UK Sabah Wildlife Department Wisma Muis 88100 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia Centre for African Conservation Ecology Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Port Elizabeth South Africa

Recursion by herbivores is the repeated use of the same site or plants. Recursion by wild animals is rarely investigated but may be ubiquitous. Optimal foraging theory predicts site recursion as a function of the quality of the site, extent of its last use, and time since its last use because these influence site resource status and recovery. We used GPS collars, behaviour and site sampling to investigate recursion to foraging sites for two elephant Elephas maximus borneensis herds in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Borneo, over a 12 month period. Recursion occurred to 48 out of 87 foraging sites and was most common within 48 hours or between 151-250 days, indicating two different types ofrecursion. Recursion was more likely to occur if the site had previously been occupied for longer. Moreover, the time spent at a site at recursion was the same as the time spent at the site on the first occasion. The number of days that had passed between the first visit and recursion was also positively correlated with how much time was spent at the site at recursion. Habitat type also influenced the intensity of site-use, with more time spent at recursion within riverine/open grass areas along forest margins compared to other habitat types. Recursion is a common behaviour used by the elephants and its pattern suggests it may be a foraging strategy for revisiting areas of greater value. The qualities of recursion sites might usefully be incorporated into landscape management strategies for elephant conservation in the area [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 551-559, 2014].

关键词： Asian elephant Recursion Site re-use Herbivory Megaherbivore Optimal foraging

The inferior frontal gyrus and familial risk for bipolar disorder

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Psychoradiology 2022年第4期2卷 171-179页

作者： Kun Qin John A.sweeney Melissa P.DelBello Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH 45219USA Huaxi MR Research Center(HMRRC) Department of RadiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

Bipolar disorder(BD)is a familial disorder with high *** factors have been linked to the pathogenesis of *** of probands with BD who are at familial risk can exhibit brain abnormalities prior to illness *** its involvement in prefrontal cognitive control and in frontolimbic circuitry that regulates emotional reactivity,the inferior frontal gyrus(IFG)has been a focus of research in studies of BD-related pathology and BD-risk *** this review,we discuss multimodal neuroimaging findings of the IFG based on studies comparing at-risk relatives and low-risk *** of these studies in at-risk cases suggests the presence of both risk and resilience markers related to the ***-risk individuals exhibited larger gray matter volume and increased functional activities in IFG compared with low-risk controls,which might result from an adaptive brain compensation to support emotion regulation as an aspect of psychological *** connectivity between IFG and downstream limbic or striatal areas was typically decreased in at-risk individuals relative to controls,which could contribute to risk-related problems of cognitive and emotional ***-scale and longitudinal investigations on at-risk individuals will further elucidate the role of IFG and other brain regions in relation to familial risk for BD,and together guide identification of at-risk individuals for primary prevention.

关键词： bipolar disorder prefrontal limbic familial risk resilience magnetic resonance imaging genetic risk

The stability of carbon from a maize-derived hydrochar as a function of fractionation and hydrothermal carbonization temperature in a Podzol

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 315-326页

作者： megan de Jager Frank Schröter Michael Wark Luise Giani Institut Für Biologie Und Umweltwissenschaften Carl Von Ossietzky Univer-sitätOldenburgGermany Institut Für Chemie Carl Von Ossietzky UniversitätOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC)produced by the hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of typically wet biomass is generally considered to be less effective for carbon(C)sequestration in soils compared to biochar(BC)by pyrolysis,due to a higher content of more easily decomposable *** the recalcitrance of HC is suggested to improve with increasing HTC production temperature,the way it interacts and becomes associated with soil organic matter(SOM)fractions of different stabilities against decomposition,may also influence its effectiveness for C sequestration in *** that respect,this study aimed to verify the potential of HCs from maize silage produced at different HTC temperatures(190,210 and 230℃)for C sequestration in a HC-amended sandy loam *** do this,we conducted a pot trial experiment and traced the fate of HC-derived C(HC-C)within different SOM fractions,namely the free-and occluded particulate organic matter(POMF and POMO,respectively)fractions and that comprising organic matter(OM)bound to clays(OMCl).Approx.1 year after applying 5%of the different HTC temperature HCs to the soil,the SOM fractions were isolated by density fractionation for each HC treatment(HC190,HC210 and HC230)and the control(absent of HC).All fractions and the HCs were analyzed for organic C(OC)content and isotopic signatures(δ^(13)C).From the δ^(13)C signatures,the amount of HC-C and native soil organic carbon(SOC)within each fraction was *** C contents and decreased H/C and O/C ratios were observed with increasing HTC production temperatures,which sug-gests a lower stability for the low temperature *** ca.1 year,a loss of~20-23%of the bulk soil TOC was found in the HC-amended *** POMF fraction of the HC-amended soils showed losses of 68-81%HC-C and 52-72%native SOC,which may be due to a positive priming effect caused by HC *** POM_(O) and OM_(Cl) fractions of the HC-amended soils contained more OC than the control,indicating the integration of HC-C together wi

关键词： Hydrochar Carbon sequestration Carbon stabilization Soil organic matter fractions Soil density fractionation δ^(13)C analysis

Giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 333-336页

作者： Oranit GILAD Ronald R. SWAISGOOD megan A. OWEN Xiaoping ZHOU Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global Escondido CA 92027 USA China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda Wolong Sichuan 623006 China

Sociality is an important factor in both the mechanism and function of kin recognition, yet it is little explored in solitary species. While there may be future opportunities for nepotistic functions of kin discrimination among solitary species, the ability to discriminate kin from nonkin may still have important roles in social regulation. The solitary giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca offers a good model system to explore kin discrimination in a solitary mammal. As kin discrimination in many other mammals is olfactorily mediated, we investigated whether giant pandas are able to discriminate odor cues from daughters even after months and years of separation. Our results indicate that giant pandas are capable of discriminating between kin and nonkin using odor cues available in urine and body odor. Daughters preferentially investigated the odors of unrelated adult female pandas over the odors of their mothers, and mothers spent more time investigating the odors of unrelated age- matched female pandas over those from their daughters. Because these studies were conducted months or years after the mother-daughter period of dependency ended, it is still unclear what mechanism is used for recognition. Long-term olfactory memories and phenotype matching should both be considered, and further studies are required for such determination.

关键词： chemical communication giant panda kin discrimination.

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The global interior

The global interior

Documenting aftermath

作者： megan Black.

来源：南通市图书馆图书评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Documenting aftermath