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Body composition changes following chemotherapy for testicular germ cell tumor:obesity is the long-term problem

Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第5期24卷 458-462页

作者： Yuki Takai Sei Naito Hidenori Kanno Atsushi Yamagishi Mayu Yagi Toshihiko Sakurai Hayato Nishida Takuya Yamanobe Tomoyuki Kato Norihiko Tsuchiya Department of Urology Yamagata University Faculty of MedicineYamagata 990-9585Japan

Metabolic syndrome is a long-term complication of systemic chemotherapy for testicular germ cell tumor(TGCT).It is believed to be caused by secondary hypogonadism or toxic medicines because of orchidectomy followed by systemic chemotherapy.In this study,changes in the body composition of patients over time were quantitatively analyzed up to 24 months after chemotherapy.This study retrospectively analyzed 44 patients with TGCT who underwent chemotherapy at our institution from January 2008 to December 2016.Subcutaneous and visceral fat areas and psoas and skeletal muscle areas were measured by computed tomography before and immediately after chemotherapy as well as 3 months,6 months,12 months,and 24 months after chemotherapy.The subcutaneous and visceral fat indices and psoas and skeletal muscle indices were calculated as each area divided by body height squared.The total fat area had already significantly increased 3 months after the initiation of chemotherapy(P=0.004).However,it did not return to prechemotherapeutic levels even at 24 months after chemotherapy.The skeletal muscle area was significantly decreased at the end of chemotherapy(P<0.001);however,the value returned to baseline within 12 months.In multivariable analysis,the prechemotherapeutic skeletal muscle index and number of chemotherapy cycles were independently associated with the reduction of skeletal muscle at the end of chemotherapy(P=0.001 and P=0.027,respectively).In patients with TGCT,skeletal muscle mass decreased during chemotherapy and recovered within 12 months,whereas fat mass progressively increased from the initiation of chemotherapy until 24 months after chemotherapy.

关键词： body composition chemotherapy obesity sarcopenia secondary hypogonadism testicular cancer

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中子星:引力检验的极端实验室

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Science Bulletin 2022年第19期67卷 1946-1949页

作者：邵立晶 Kent yagi Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesville 22904-4714USA

Neutrons were discovered 90 years ago by James Chadwick.The concept of neutron stars was hypothesized around that time by Lev Landau,Walter Baade,and Fritz Zwicky,and it was further developed by Richard Tolman,Robert Oppenheimer,George Volkoff,and other physicists.Neutron stars are astrophysical compact objects formed after the death of massive stars(more massive than our own Sun).According to current understanding,the typical mass of neutron stars is comparable to that of the Sun,while the radius is only~10km.As its name implies,the main interior ingredients of such stars are neutrons,but they also consist of protons,electrons,muons,and presumably even more exotic particles,like hyperons,kaons,or quarks.The field of neutron stars was bolstered by the discovery of radio pulsars by Jocelyn Bell Burnell,Antony Hewish,and collaborators in 1967[1].A famous achievement brought forth by the first binary pulsar,the so-called Hulse-Taylor pulsar,is the first-ever empirical proof that gravitational waves exist in our Universe[2].In 2017,the first binary neutron star merger was observed directly via gravitational waves(ripples of spacetime)and accompanied by enormous electromagnetic follow-up observations[3].

关键词： proof implies interior

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Small-for-size syndrome in living donor liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第6期11卷 570-576页

作者： Shintaro yagi Shinji Uemoto Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreas and Transplant Surgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine 54 Kawara-cho Shogoin Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan

When the graft volume is too small to satisfy the recipient’s metabolic demand, the recipient may thus experience small-for-size syndrome (SFSS). Because the occurrence of SFSS is determined by not only the liver graft volume but also a combination of multiple negative factors, the definitions of small-for-size graft (SFSG) and SFSS are different in each institute and at each time. In the clinical setting, surgical inflow modulation and maximizing the graft outflow are keys to overcoming SFSS. Accordingly, relatively smaller-sized grafts can be used with surgical modification and pharmacological manipulation targeting portal circulation and liver graft quality. Therefore, the focus of the SFSG issue is now shifting from how to obtain a larger graft from the living donor to how to manage the use of a smaller graft to save the recipient, considering donor safety to be a priority.

关键词： living donor liver transplantation small-for-size syndrome

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Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of plants used in Western Sudan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第5期5卷 395-402页

作者： Maha Abdulrahman Alamin Ahmed Ibrahim yagi Sakina Mohamed yagi Botany Department Faculty of Science University of Khartoum Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Pharmacy King Saud University Department of Biological Science and Chemistry University of Nizwa

Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of five plant species orally for 2 h(acute) or 14 days(chronic). In acute model blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In the chronic model blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on day 15 to estimate blood glucose level. And the body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver and kidney enzymes were measured. Histopathological observations of liver sections were also studied.Results: In the case of acute treatment, aqueous extracts of Tinospora bakis(T. bakis), Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) and Randia nilotica(R. nilotica) at 400 mg/kg significantly lowered(P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats whereas, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 400 mg/kg of T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis proved to have significant(P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effect and have the capacity to correct the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Histopathological studies showed that the aqueous extracts of these four plants reinforced the healing of liver. However, Striga hermonthica aqueous extract did not exert any antihyperglycemic effect to diabetic rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications and thus supporting the traditional uses of these plants in Sudanese traditional medicine.

关键词： Tinospora bakis Mitragyna inremis Nauclea latifolia Randia nilotica Striga hermonthica Antihyperglycemic effect

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Repositioning again of zonisamide for nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第4期11卷 541-542页

作者： Kinji Ohno Hideki yagi Bisei Ohkawara Division of Neurogenetics Center for Neurological Diseases and CancerNagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine

Drug repositioning is a strategy to identify a new application of a pre-approved drug,of which optimal dosage,administration routes,adverse effects,and contraindications are well established.Drug repositioning enables fast and cost-effective application of an identified drug in clinical settings,and is especially suitable for orphan diseases,in which the number of patients is limited（Bernard,2014）.

关键词：成本及成本分析少见病神经再生胰岛素

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Antifibrotic effect of aloe vera in viral infection-induced hepatic periportal fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第17期18卷 2026-2034页

作者： Sahar K Hegazy Mohamed El-Bedewy Akira yagi Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityTanta 8130Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 8130Egypt Placenta/Aloe Research Institute Japan Bio-Products Co.Ltd.1488-4Aikawa-machiKurume-shiFukuoka Bio Factory 204Fukuoka 839-0861Japan

AIM:To investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic effects of aloe vera in patients with liver fibrosis.METHODS:Aloe vera high molecular weight fractions(AHM) were processed by patented hyper-dry system in combination of freeze-dry technique with microwave and far infrared-ray radiation.Fifteen healthy volunteers as the control group and 40 patients were included.The patients were randomly subdivided into two equal groups:the conventional group was treated with placebo(starch),and AHM group was treated with 0.15 gm/d AHM,both for 12 consecutive weeks.The patients were investigated before and after treatment.Serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),hyaluronic acid(HA),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and matrixmetalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) were determined.The reduced glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in liver were assayed and the expression of hepatic α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) was identified by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:At the start of the study,the hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fibro-proliferated bile ductules,thick fibrous septa and dense inflammatory cellular infiltration in the patients before treatment.The use of AHM for 12 wk significantly ameliorated the fibrosis,inhibited the inflammation,and resulted in minimal infiltration and minimal fibrosis compared to the conventional group.The enzyme activities of the liver(ALT,AST and ALP) were attenuated after treatment in both groups,and the decrease in the AHM group was more significant as compared with the conventional group.Similar to the AST,the MDA levels were significantly higher before treatment,and were attenuated after treatment in both groups.In contrast,the hepatic glutathione content in the patients were decreased significantly in the AHM group compared to the controls.The serum levels of the fibrosis markers(HA,TGF-β and MMP-2) were also reduced significantly after treatment.The expression of α-SMA was modified in patients before and after treatment a

关键词：肝纤维化肝门静脉病毒感染芦荟基质金属蛋白酶-2 转化生长因子细胞治疗还原型谷胱甘肽

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Natural Image Matting with Attended Global Context

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2023年第3期38卷 659-673页

作者：张億一牛力 Yasushi Makihara 张健夫赵维杰 Yasushi yagi 张丽清 MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240China Department of Intelligent Media Institute of Scientific and Industrial ResearchOsaka UniversityOsaka 565-0871Japan

Image matting is to estimate the opacity of foreground objects from an image. A few deep learning based methods have been proposed for image matting and perform well in capturing spatially close information. However, these methods fail to capture global contextual information, which has been proved essential in improving matting performance. This is because a matting image may be up to several megapixels, which is too big for a learning-based network to capture global contextual information due to the limit size of a receptive field. Although uniformly downsampling the matting image can alleviate this problem, it may result in the degradation of matting performance. To solve this problem, we introduce a natural image matting with the attended global context method to extract global contextual information from the whole image, and to condense them into a suitable size for learning-based network. Specifically, we first leverage a deformable sampling layer to obtain condensed foreground and background attended images respectively. Then, we utilize a contextual attention layer to extract information related to unknown regions from condensed foreground and background images generated by a deformable sampling layer. Besides, our network predicts a background as well as the alpha matte to obtain more purified foreground, which contributes to better qualitative performance in composition. Comprehensive experiments show that our method achieves competitive performance on both Composition-1k and the *** benchmark quantitatively and qualitatively.

关键词： image matting global context deformable sampling

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幽门腺化生可能通过CDX2表达引起肠上皮化生甚至直接进展为胃癌

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第4期9卷 370-373,I0003页

作者： Kazuyoshi yagi Atsunori Tsuchiya Satoru Hashimoto Taisuke Kato Osamu Onodera Shuji Terai Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Uonuma Institute of Community MedicineNiigata University Medical and Dental HospitalNiigataJapan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders Brain Science BranchBrain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan Department of Neurology Brain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan

Introduction The majority of cases of gastric cancer are thought to develop due to chronic inflammation from Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection leading to intestinal metaplasia,termed the intestinal metaplasia–dysplasia–cancer sequence[1].Chronic inflammation from H.pylori infection causes mucin core protein 6-positive(MUC6t)pyloric-gland metaplasia;however,its origin is controversial.This MUC6t pyloric-gland metaplasia is similar to spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia in mouse studies[2–4].

关键词：肠上皮化生幽门腺 Helicobacter CDX2

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Effects of Biochar Particle Size on Methane Emissions from Rice Cultivation

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第10期8卷 1199-1214页

作者： Patikorn Sriphirom Amnat Chidthaisong Kazuyuki yagi Nimaradee Boonapatcharoen Sudarut Tripetchkul Sirintornthep Towprayoon The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10140Thailand Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment PERDOMinistry of Higher EducationScienceResearch and InnovationBangkok10400Thailand Earth System Science Research Cluster King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10140Thailand Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management Pilot Plant Development and Training InstituteKing Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10150Thailand School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology ThonburiBangkok10150Thailand

Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surface area and porosity of biochar has been discussed.This study aimed to evaluate the application of different biochar particle sizes on CH_(4) production,oxidation,and emissions from rice cultivation in a clay loam soil,based on the assumption that porosity and surface area of biochar are directly related to its mitigation effects.Rice was grown under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons,either with 0.5–2 mm(small,SB)or with 2–4 mm(large,LB)biochar.The results show that both sizes of biochar increased soil pH and redox potential(Eh)during rice growth.Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC),nitrate(NO^(−)_(3)),and sulfate(SO^(2−)_(4))also increased under both biochar amendments,but size effects were not observed.SB and LB suppressed the abundance of CH_(4) producers(methanogens)but stimulated the abundance of CH_(4) consumers(methanotrophs).The increase of soil Eh and electron acceptors(NO^(−)_(3)and SO^(2−)_(4))indicated the increase in soil oxidation capacity is a barrier to CH_(4) production by methanogens in both biochar treatments.Laboratory incubation experiments showed that CH_(4) production activity was significantly(p≤0.05)reduced by 18.5%using SB and by 11.3%using LB compared to the control.In contrast,the stimulation of methanotrophs promoted greater CH_(4) oxidation activity by 15.0%in SB and 18.7%in LB compared to the control.It shows that CH_(4) production was reduced more by larger surface area biochar(SB),while a greater increase in CH_(4) oxidation was found using larger pore volume biochar(LB).The effects on CH_(4) production were more pronounced than those on CH_(4) oxidation,resulting in a greater reduction of cumulative CH_(4) emissions by SB than LB(by 26.6%and 19.9%compared to control,respectively).

关键词： Biochar particle size CH_(4)production CH_(4)oxidation CH_(4)emission rice cultivation

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DEVELOPMENT OF A MATERIALS RISK INFORMATION PLATFORM FOR A SAFE SOCIETY

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 375-380页

作者： K.yagi National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan Materials Risk Information Platform is being developed under the cooperation of companies and academic societies with NIMS as project core. To combine safety and economy which are sometimes contrary to each other it is important to find an optimal solution using a new concept: risk based engineering. A 5-year project the Materials Risk Information Platform was started in 2001 in NIMS on the boilers of thermal power plants and the objectives of this project research areas and its present state were outlined.

A Materials Risk Information Platform is being developed under the cooperation of companies and academic societies with NIMS as project core. To combine safety and economy, which are sometimes contrary to each other, it is important to find an optimal solution using a new concept: risk based engineering. A 5-year project, the Materials Risk Information Platform, was started in 2001 in NIMS on the boilers of thermal power plants and the objectives of this project, research areas and its present state were outlined.

关键词： risk accident structural material aged plant life prediction,equipment diagnostic system

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