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A short climatology of black and brown carbon and their sources at a suburban site impacted by smoke in Brazil

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 498-511页

作者： Admir creso Targino Patricia Krecl Gabriel Yoshikazu Oukawa Eva Maria Mollinedo Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAv.Pioneiros 3131LondrinaPR 86036-370Brazil Department of Environmental Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAv.Pioneiros 3131LondrinaPR 86036-370Brazil

Emissions from biomass burning challenge efforts to curb air pollution in cities downwind of fire-prone regions,as they contribute large amounts of brown carbon(Br C)and black carbon(BC)*** investigated the patterns of Br C and BC concentrations using Aethalometer data(atλ=370 and 880 nm,respectively)spanning four years at a site impacted by the outflow of *** data required to be post processed for the shadowing effect since,without correction,concentrations would be between 29%and 35%*** Br C concentrations were consistently higher than the BC concentrations,indicating the prevalence of aerosols from biomass *** results were supported by the Angstrom coefficient(A_(370/880)),with values predominantly larger than 1(mean±standard deviation:1.25±0.31).A_(370/880)values below 1 were more prevalent during the wet season,which suggests a contribution from fossil fuel *** observed sharp Br C and BC seasonal signals,with mean minimum concentrations of 0.40μg/m^(3)and 0.36μg/m^(3),respectively,in the wet season,and mean maximum concentrations of 2.05μg/m^(3)and 1.53μg/m^(3)in the dry *** largest concentrations were observed when northerly air masses moved over regions with a high density of fire *** burning of residential solid waste and industrial combustion caused extreme Br C and BC concentrations under favourable wind *** neither pollutant is included in any ambient air quality standards,our results suggest that transboundary smoke may hamper efforts to meet the World Health Organization guidelines for fine particles.

关键词： Light-absorbing carbonaceous matter Black carbon Wildfires Biomass burning Aethalometer

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在血压控制不良的高血压患者中使用数字化干预的家庭和在线血压管理:随机对照试验

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中华高血压杂志 2021年第5期29卷 427-427页

作者： McMa-nus RJ Little P Stuart B Morton K Raftery J Kelly J Bradbury K Zhang J Zhu S Murray E may cr Mair FS Michie S Smith P Band R Ogburn E AllenJ Rice C Nut-tall J Williams B Yardley L 陈嘉睿(译) 叶鹏(审校) 不详

HOME BP试验(The home and online management and evaluation of blood pressure)的目的是评估在初级预防中结合自我监测和自我管理的数字化干预在高血压管理中的作用。研究者纳入英国76个治疗中心经过治疗但血压控制不好(>140/90 mm H... 详细信息

HOME BP试验(The home and online management and evaluation of blood pressure)的目的是评估在初级预防中结合自我监测和自我管理的数字化干预在高血压管理中的作用。研究者纳入英国76个治疗中心经过治疗但血压控制不好(>140/90 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)并能上网的患者622例,进行自动确定主要终点的公开随机对照试验。

关键词：初级预防血压管理随机对照试验自我监测血压控制高血压患者自我管理

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抗病毒治疗适应证变化对提高慢性乙型肝炎治疗率的影响

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临床肝胆病杂志 2022年第6期38卷 1269-1274页

作者：王皓单姗尤红徐小元魏来侯金林庄辉孔媛媛贾继东中国消除乙肝临床研究平台(cr-HepB)研究组首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院临床流行病学与循证医学研究室北京100050 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院肝病中心北京100050 北京大学第一医院感染疾病科北京100034 北京清华长庚医院肝胆胰内科北京100044 南方医科大学南方医院感染内科广州510515 北京大学医学部病原生物学系北京100191 不详

目的探讨抗HBV治疗适应证变化对治疗率和需要治疗人群特征的影响。方法研究对象来自于中国消除乙肝临床研究平台(cr-HepB)数据库中未经治慢性乙型肝炎患者,收集其人口学、病毒学、血液学及血生化信息。不符合正态分布的定量资料在两组... 详细信息

目的探讨抗HBV治疗适应证变化对治疗率和需要治疗人群特征的影响。方法研究对象来自于中国消除乙肝临床研究平台(cr-HepB)数据库中未经治慢性乙型肝炎患者,收集其人口学、病毒学、血液学及血生化信息。不符合正态分布的定量资料在两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,定性资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率检验。结果本研究共纳入3640例未经治慢性乙型肝炎患者,64.4%为男性,68.7%年龄为30~59岁,46.8%临床分期不确定。根据2015年版、2019年版慢性乙型肝炎防治指南和2022年版专家共识,分别有625例(17.2%)、1333例(36.6%)、和2890例(79.4%)符合抗病毒治疗适应证。2022年版共识新增需治疗患者1557例,其中1424例(91.5%)符合男性ALT>30 U/L、女性ALT>19 U/L的治疗阈值。2022年版专家共识新增需治疗患者的ALT、HBV DNA水平、APRI和FIB-4评分显著低于2019年版指南新增需治疗患者(P值均<0.05)。结论随着慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的适应证扩展,将显著提高患者的治疗比例,有利于更多有疾病进展风险的轻症患者得到及时治疗并改善长期预后。

关键词：乙型肝炎,慢性抗病毒药适应证

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脂肪组织炎症在CYP1B1基因敲除抑制小鼠营养性肥胖及其胰岛素抵抗中的作用

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环境与健康杂志 2011年第6期28卷 479-482,F0003页

作者：吴连希邱高坤 Jefcoate cr 王素青武汉大学公共卫生学院湖北武汉430071 School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin

目的探讨脂肪组织炎症在CYP1B1基因缺失小鼠保护营养性肥胖及其胰岛素抵抗中的作用和可能机制。方法选择3周龄SPF级CYP1B1基因敲除(KO)和野生型(WT)雄性小鼠各16只,给予低(LFD)、高脂肪(HFD)饲料,每组8只,连续喂养11周。采用实时定量RT-... 详细信息

目的探讨脂肪组织炎症在CYP1B1基因缺失小鼠保护营养性肥胖及其胰岛素抵抗中的作用和可能机制。方法选择3周龄SPF级CYP1B1基因敲除(KO)和野生型(WT)雄性小鼠各16只,给予低(LFD)、高脂肪(HFD)饲料,每组8只,连续喂养11周。采用实时定量RT-Pcr测定脂肪组织中巨噬细胞相关炎症因子、胰岛素通路中相关基因表达的变化,利用免疫荧光观察巨噬细胞在脂肪组织中浸润及炎症通路中核转录因子(NFκB)的活化状态。结果经过11周喂养,KO小鼠血糖及胰岛素水平较WT小鼠降低(Pcr2、CSFR1以及胰岛素受体底物(IRS)、胰岛素受体(InsR)mRNA的表达水平均上调(P<0.05或P<0.01)。免疫荧光结果显示,KO小鼠脂肪组织炎症通路的关键因子NFκB活化移位。结论 CYP1B1基因敲除对小鼠营养性肥胖及胰岛素抵抗有保护作用,其机制可能是通过激活小鼠脂肪组织炎症通路调节机体胰岛素信号通路中关键因子的表达水平,从而发挥改善营养性肥胖相关胰岛素抵抗作用。

关键词：脂肪组织炎症 CYP1B1基因缺失肥胖胰岛素抵抗

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Human hematopoietic cells express two forms of thecytokine receptor common γ-chain (γc)

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Cell Research 1997年第2期7卷 195-205页

作者： SHI YU FANG MARY HILL ANTON NOVAK ZHIQING CHEN RUO XIANG WANG CHOONGCHIN LIEW GORDON B. MILLS (Oncology Research, The Toronto Hospital, 200 ElizabcthSt., Toronto, Ontario, Canada MSG 2C4Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratoryof American Red cr Oncology Research The Toronto Hospital Toronto Canada Department of Immunology Holland Laboratory of American Red Cross Rockville USA Department of Genetics Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Canada Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Molecular Oncology MD Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas Houston

Recent studies have revealed that the γ-chain of theIL-2 receptor is shared by the receptors for IL-4, IL7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15, and it is therefore also referred toas the common γ-chain (γc). Mutations of γc result inX-linked severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome inhumans, indicating that rye is essential for normal development and function of the immune system. We demonstratethat human hematopoietic cells express two γc transcriptsdiffering in their carboxyl terminal coding region. Onetranscript is the previously reported sequence (γc-long),whereas the newly identified sequence exhibits a deletion of72 nucleotides close to the 3'-end of the open reading frame(γc-short). This alteration predicts a loss of 24 amino acidsincluding a conserved tyrosine residue which is shared byseveral members of the cytokine receptor family. Thepresence of these two distinct forms of rye transcripts wasdemonstrated by sequencing of reversely transcribed andpolymerase chain reaction (RT-Pcr) amplified mRNA, restriction digestion of the RT-Pcr products, RNAse protection, and Northern blotting from human cell lines andhuman peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, thetwo variants were present in peripheral blood lymphocytesfrom both female and male donors, which rules out allelicvariants since rye is a single copy gene located on the Xchromosome. A truncation mutant at a site near the observed changes in γc-short has been reported by othersto alter biochemical events activated by cytokines. Thiscombined with the loss of a potential SH2 "docking" sitein γc-short suggests that γc-long and γc-short may link todifferent signaling pathways and may play an importantrole in determining the cellular response to IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, IL-15.

关键词： IL-2 receptor γ-chain cytokine receptor common γ-chain IL-2 receptor cytokine receptors RNA splicing

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Investigation of the Microstructure of Rolled Semi-Solid Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2002年第3期18卷 281-282页

作者： Renbo SONG, Yonglin KANG, Jianlin SUN, Xiongfei YANG, Aimin ZHAO and Weimin MAODepartment of Metal Forming, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China [ Manuscript received March 15, 2001, in revised form may L5, 2001] Dept. of Metal Forming Univ. of Sci. and Technol. Beijing Beijing 100083 China

In this paper, spring steel-60Si2Mn and stainless steel-1cr18Ni9Ti were rolled one pass in the semi-solid state. The microstructural evolution during rolling of the steels with different solid fraction was investigated. The experimental results showed that the manner of liquid and solid phases flowing and deforming was different. During rolling, most of solid phases remained in the center of the rolled specimens, while liquid phase flowed to the edge, which resulted in the macrosegregation of liquid and solid phases. Only the amount of solid fraction reached a certain value, were the solid phases deformed and flattened.

关键词： Spring steel Stainless steel Semi-solid Microstructure

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Precipitation in Ni-35 at. pct cr Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2002年第1期18卷 77-79页

作者： A.A.Al-Aql, M.S.Al-Salhi and M.I.AnsariPhysics Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia [ Manuscript received February 7, 2001, in revised form may 10, 2001] Dept. of Phys. Faculty of Sci. King Saud Univ. Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Precipitation study was carried out in Ni-35 at. pct cr alloy by measuring electrical resistivity at different ageing temperatures and long ageing times. During ageing, it was observed that electrical resistivity initially rose with ageing time and then fell after very long ageing at a constant temperature. The initial increase in resistivity during ageing may be attributed to the formation of GP zones/cr-rich precipitates at early stages by nucleation process and decrease in resistivity, and after attaining a maximum, is due to the growth of precipitate particles and subsequently by coarsening of these precipitates. The results of electrical resistivity measurements during ageing were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis indicating the formation of a cr-rich phase and a cr3Ni2 phase in the Ni matrix.

关键词： Precipitation Electrical resistivity Ageing Coarsening X-ray diffraction

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Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Asian colobine genus Trachypithecus with special focus on Trachypithecus phayrei(Blyth, 1847) and description of a new species

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Zoological Research 2020年第6期41卷 656-669页

作者： Christian Roos Kristofer MHelgen Roberto Portela Miguez Naw may Lay Thant Ngwe Lwin Aung Ko Lin Aung Lin Khin Mar Yi Paing Soe Zin Mar Hein Margaret Nyein Nyein Myint Tanvir Ahmed Dilip Chetry Melina Urh EGrace Veatch Neil Duncan Pepijn Kamminga Marcus AHChua Lu Yao Christian Matauschek Dirk Meyer Zhi-Jin Liu Ming Li Tilo Nadler Peng-Fei Fan Le Khac Quyet Michael Hofreiter Dietmar Zinner Frank Momberg Primate Genetics Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Gene Bank of Primates German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Chances for Nature(CfN) Goettingen 37073Germany Australian Museum Research Institute Australian MuseumSydneyNew South Wales 2010Australia Natural History Museum London SW7 BDUK Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS)-Myanmar Program Yangon 11041Myanmar Fauna&Flora International(FFI)-Myanmar Programme Yangon 11201Myanmar Popa Mountain Park Nature and Wildlife Conservation DivisionForest DepartmentPopa 05242Myanmar World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)-Myanmar Yangon 11191Myanmar Department of Zoology Jagannath UniversityDhaka 1100Bangladesh Primate Research and Conservation Division AaranyakGuwahatiAssam 781028India Department of Anthropology Emory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Department of Anthropology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Department of Mammalogy American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNY 10024USA Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden 2333 CRThe Netherlands Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum National University of SingaporeSingapore 117377Singapore Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Cuc Phuong Commune Nho Quan DistrictNinh Binh ProvinceVietnam School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510275China Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Endangered Species Ho-Chi-Minh CityVietnam Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Cognitive Ethology Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition Goettingen 37077Germany De

Trachypithecus,which currently contains 20 species divided into four groups,is the most speciose and geographically dispersed genus among Asian *** several morphological and molecular studies,however,its evolutionary history and phylogeography remain poorly ***’s langur(Trachypithecus phayrei) is one of the most widespread members of the genus,but details on its actual distribution and intraspecific taxonomy are limited and ***,to elucidate the evolutionary history of Trachypithecus and to clarify the intraspecific taxonomy and distribution of ***,we sequenced 41 mitochondrial genomes from georeferenced fecal samples and museum specimens,including two *** analyses revealed a robustly supported phylogeny of Trachypithecus,suggesting that the *** group branched first,followed by the *** group,and the *** and *** groups most *** four species groups diverged from each other 4.5-3.1 million years ago(Ma),while speciation events within these groups occurred much more recently(1.6-0.3 Ma).Within ***,we found three clades that diverged 1.0-0.9 Ma,indicating the existence of three rather than two *** the phylogenetic species concept and based on genetic,morphological,and ecological differences,we elevate the *** subspecies to species level,describe a new species from central Myanmar,and refine the distribution of the three ***,our study highlights the importance of museum specimens and provides new insights not only into the evolutionary history of *** but the entire Trachypithecus genus as well.

关键词： Colobinae Integrative zoology Mitochondrial genome Museum specimens New species

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北方高纬度地区生态系统动态、生物多样性管理及社会政策

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2004年第6期33卷 328-333页

作者： Thomas Elmqvist Fikret Berkes Carl Folke Per Angelstam Anne-Sophie crépin Jari Niemel 韩海东 Department of Systems Ecology Stockholm University

由于受到众多因素大规模作用的影响,高纬度地区生态系统的变化异常活跃。这些地区的生态系统非常脆弱,各种全球变化过程都在影响着可更新林木资源持续生产和当地社会赖以生存的动植物资源丰度。本文对于北半球高纬度地区生态系统的一些... 详细信息

由于受到众多因素大规模作用的影响,高纬度地区生态系统的变化异常活跃。这些地区的生态系统非常脆弱,各种全球变化过程都在影响着可更新林木资源持续生产和当地社会赖以生存的动植物资源丰度。本文对于北半球高纬度地区生态系统的一些新认识及其(所包含的)意义进行了讨论,并对提高生态系统的恢复力所采取的必要管理措施进行了探讨。认为在生态系统面临各种变化和干扰时系统管理的焦点应该从系统的恢复转移到系统功能的维系上来。生物多样性的作用是确保生态系统在经历干扰和重组时能够进行重组和发展,这一作用应该在系统管理与相关的方针政策中得到重视。强调应重新考虑现在的生态保护区的概念以发展一些动态的管理方法,使生态系统在面临环境变化时能够进行可持续的管理。而高纬度地区一些土著人习惯性的生态保护区的特点与那些对保护区进行动态保护的观点往往是一致的。针对高纬度地区动态景观中的生物多样性管理我们提出了新的发展方向,并从非传统的观点方面为其提供了经验例证。这些非传统的观点与看法可能会有助于提高生物多样性可持续管理和生态系统功能发挥的潜力。

关键词：高纬度地区生态系统生物多样性北方持续生产林木资源可持续管理动态发展系统管理

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Congenital hypothyroidism as a risk factor for hearing and parents’ knowledge about its impact on hearing

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Journal of Otology 2021年第2期16卷 71-79页

作者： Helida Braga Josilene Luciene Duarte Luciene da cruz Fernandes Iza cristina Salles Caio L.Oliveira de Andrade Helton E.Ramos cresio de Aragao D.Alvesa Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems Institute of Health Science-Federal University of BahiaAvenue Rector Miguel CalmonValley of Canela40110100SalvadorBahiaBrazil Department of Speech Therapy Institute of Health Science-Federal University of SergipeAv.Marechal Rondon49100-000Sao CristovaoSergipeBrazil c Department of Speech Therapy Institute of Health Science-Federal University of BahiaAvenue Rector Miguel CalmonValley of Canela40110100SalvadorBahiaBrazil Department of Bioregulation Health&Sciences Institute-Federal University of BahiaAvenue Rector Miguel CalmonValley of Canela40110100SalvadorBahiaBrazil Medical School Institute of Health Science-Federal University of BahiaAvenue Rector Miguel CalmonValley of Canela40110100SalvadorBahiaBrazil

Aim:To evaluate the hearing of children with congenital hypothyroidism(CH)and to analyze the knowledge that parents’have on the possible auditory impacts of the ***:A total of 263 parents/guardians were interviewed about aspects of CH and *** evaluation was performed on 80 participants,divided into two groups:with CH(n?50)and without CH(n紏30).Clinical and laboratory CH data were obtained from medical records,pure tone auditory thresholds and acoustic reflexes were *** auditory data was compared between ***’s t-test and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 5%(p0,05;p=0.026).There was a statistically significant difference between the auditory tone thresholds of the groups and between the levels of intensity necessary for the triggering of the acoustic *** group with CH presented the worst results(pmay have been a risk factor for functional deficits without deteriorating hearing *** possible impacts of CH on hearing,when not treated early,should be more publicized among the parents/guardians of this population.

关键词： Auditory perception Hearing Congenital hypothyroidism Risk Factors Survey and questionnaire

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