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Climate shapes the spatiotemporal variation in color morph diversity and composition across the distribution range of Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle

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Insect Science 2022年第3期29卷 942-955页

作者： Mikhail v.Kozlov Zowi Oudendijk Anders Forsman vojtech lanta maxwell v.l.barclay vladimir I.Gusarov Bert Gustafsson Zheng-Zhong Huang Oksana Y.Kruglova Yuri M.Marusik Yuri E.Mikhailov Marko Mutanen Alexander Schneider lukas Sekerka Maksim E.Sergeev vitali Zverev Elena l.Zvereva Department of Biology University of TurkuTurkuFinland Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Biology and Environmental Science Linnaeus UniversityKalmarSweden Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of SciencesDukelskaTrebohCzech Republic Department of life Sciences Natural History MuseumLondonUnited Kingdom Natural History Museum University of OsloOsloNorway Departmant of Zoology Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden elnsititute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Faculty of Biology Belarusian State UniversityMinskBelarus Department of Biocenology Institute for Biological Problems of the NorthFar East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesMagadanRussia Department of Zoology&Entomology University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Department of Ecology&Nature Management Ural State Forest Engineering UniversityYekaterinburgRussia Ecology and Genetics Research Unit University of OuluOuluFinland Department of Terrestrial Zoology Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History MuseumFrankfurt am MainGermany Department of Entomology National MuseumPrague 9CirkusovaCzech Republic Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia

Color polymorphism offers rich opportunities for studying the eco-evolutionary mechanisms that drive the adaptations of local populations to heterogeneous and changing *** explored the color morph diversity and composition in a Chrysomela lapponica leaf beetle across its entire distribution range to test the hypothesis that environmental and climatic variables shape spatiotemporal variation in the phenotypic structure of a polymorphic *** obtained information on 13617 specimens of this beetle from museums,private collections,and *** specimens(collected from 1830-2020)originated from 959 localities spanning 33°latitude,178°longitude,and 4200 m *** classified the beetles into five color morphs and searched for environmental factors that could explain the variation in the level of polymorphism(quantified by the Shannon diversity index)and in the relative frequencies of individual color *** highest level of polymorphism was found at high latitudes and *** color morphs differed in their climatic requirements;composition of colour morphs was independent of the geographic distance that separated populations but changed with collection year,longitude,mean July temperature and betweenyear temperature *** proportion of melanic beetles,in line with the thermal melanism hypothesis,increased with increasing latitude and altitude and decreased with increasing climate *** morph frequencies also declined during the past century,but only at high latitudes and altitudes where recent climate warming was especially *** observed patterns suggest that color polymorphism is especially advantageous for populations inhabiting unpredictable environments,presumably due to the different climatic requirements of coexisting color morphs.

关键词： adaptive polymorphism color morphs evolutionary dynamics geographic variation phenotypic diversity thermal melanism

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On the horizon:Hedgehog signaling to heal broken bones

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Bone Research 2022年第1期10卷 20-30页

作者： Stephanie T.Kuwahara Shuwan liu Andrew Chareunsouk maxwell Serowoky Francesca v.Mariani University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineDepartment of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033USA

Uncovering the molecular pathways that drive skeletal repair has been an ongoing challenge. Initial efforts have relied on in vitro assays to identify the key signaling pathways that drive cartilage and bone differentiation. While these assays can provide some clues, assessing specific pathways in animal models is critical. Furthermore, definitive proof that a pathway is required for skeletal repair is best provided using genetic tests. Stimulating the Hh(Hedgehog) pathway can promote cartilage and bone differentiation in cell culture assays. In addition, the application of HH protein or various pathway agonists in vivo has a positive influence on bone healing. Until recently, however, genetic proof that the Hh pathway is involved in bone repair has been lacking. Here, we consider both in vitro and in vivo studies that examine the role of Hh in repair and discuss some of the challenges inherent in their interpretation. We also identify needed areas of study considering a new appreciation for the role of cartilage during repair, the variety of cell types that may have differing roles in repair, and the recent availability of powerful lineage tracing techniques. We are optimistic that emerging genetic tools will make it possible to precisely define when and in which cells promoting Hh signaling can best promote skeletal repair, and thus, the clinical potential for targeting the Hh pathway can be realized.

关键词： healing Hedgehog horizon

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Donor age and body weight determine the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on growth performance,and fecal microbiota development in recipient pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1483-1498页

作者： Xiaofan Wang Tsungcheng Tsai Bin Zuo Xiaoyuan Wei Feilong Deng Ying li Charles v.maxwell Hua Yang Yingping Xiao Jiangchao Zhao Department of Animal Science Division of AgricultureUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding College of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshan 528225China State Key laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of Agro-product Safety and NutritionZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina

Background:The application of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)to improve swine growth performance has been sporadically *** of these studies used a single microbiota source and thus the effect of donor characteristics on recipient pigs’fecal microbiota development and growth performance is largely ***:In this study,we collected feces from six donors with heavy(H)or light(l)body weight and different ages(d 42,nursery;d 96,growing;and d 170,finisher)to evaluate their effects on the growth performance and fecal microbiota development of recipient ***,recipients that received two doses of FMT from nursery and finisher stages donor at weaning(21±2 days of age)inherited the donor’s growth pattern,while the pigs gavaged with grower stage material exerted a numerically greater weight gain than the control pigs regardless of donor *** from heavier donors(NH,GH,and FH)led to the recipients to have numerically increased growth compared to their lighter counterparts(Nl,Gl,and Fl,respectively)throughout the growing and most finishing *** benefit could be attributed to the enrichment of ASv25 Faecalibacterium,ASv61 Faecalibacterium,ASv438 Coriobacteriaceae_unclassified,ASv144 Bulleidia,and ASv129 Oribacterium and decrease of ASv13 Escherichia during nursery *** microbiota transplantation from growing and finishing donors influenced the microbial community significantly in recipient pigs during the nursery *** of older donors’gut microbiota expedited recipients’microbiota maturity on d 35 and 49,indicated by increased estimated microbiota *** ageassociated bacterial taxa included ASv206 Ruminococcaceae,ASv211 Butyrivibrio,ASv416 Bacteroides,ASv2 Streptococcus,and ASv291 *** body weight differences between Gl and GH pigs on d 104 were associated with the increased synthesis of the essential amino acid,lysine and methionine,mixed acid fermentation,expedited glycolysis,and sucrose/galactose degradation

关键词： Colonization FMT Growth performance Swine gut microbiome

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NOD2 and ATG16l1 polymorphisms affect monocyte responses in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第23期17卷 2829-2837页

作者： Dylan M Glubb Richard B Gearry Murray l barclay Rebecca l Roberts John Pearson Jacqui I Keenan Judy McKenzie Robert W Bentley Department of Medicine University of ChicagoIL 60637-1470United States Department of Medicine University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Biochemistry University of OtagoDunedin9054New Zealand Department of Pathology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Surgery University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Haematology University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand Department of Paediatrics University of OtagoChristchurch8140New Zealand

AIM:To assess whether polymorphisms in NOD2 and ATG16l1 affect cytokine responses and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) survival in monocytes from Crohn's disease (CD) ***:Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of CD patients of known genotype for common single nucleotide polymorphisms of NOD2 and *** were challenged with MAP and bacterial persistence assessed at subsequent *** responses were assayed using a Milliplex multi-analyte profiling assay for 13 ***:Monocytes heterozygous for a NOD2 polymorphism (R702W,P268S,or 1007fs) were more permissive for growth of MAP (P=0.045) than those *** was no effect of NOD2 genotype on subsequent cytokine *** T300A polymorphism ofATG16l1 did not affect growth of MAP in our model (P=0.175),but did increase expression of cytokines interleukin (Il)-10 (P=0.047) and Il-6 (P=0.019).CONClUSION:CD-associated polymorphisms affected the elimination of MAP fromex vivo monocytes (NOD2),or expression of certain cytokines (ATG16l1),implying independent but contributory roles in the pathogenesis of CD.

关键词：单核苷酸多态性单核细胞反应细胞因子结核分枝杆菌白细胞介素基因多态性 MAP

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On the Relationship of the Discrete Model of the Nuclei of linear and Planar Defects and the Continuum Models of Defects in Crystalline Materials

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Applied Mathematics 2020年第9期11卷 862-875页

作者： v. l. Busov Donbass State Engineering Academy Kramatorsk Ukraine

A physical and mathematical model of the transition from a discrete model of linear and flat defects nuclei to continuum models of defects such as dislocations and disclinations and their combinations is presented, where the tensors of energy-momentum and angular momentum of an alternating field are considered, for which the type and structure of the maxwell stress tensor σifle="margin-left:-15px;"> αβ are given and the corresponding angular momentum tensor, using the dynamic equation for the evolution of internal stresses and the correlation between the stresses σifle="margin-left:-15px;"> αβ in the defect core and the elastic stresses σelle="margin-left:-9px;">ik in its environment, obtains elastic displacement and deformation fields identical to these fields from Burgers and Frank vectors of continuous models. The spectral density of the autocorrelation functions of the velocity of photoelectrons Ψβle="margin-left:-6px;">⊥(β) and cations lt="" /> , which transforms into linear spectra as T → 0, is considered reflecting the existence of threshold values of oscillation and rotations currents of photoelectrons and cations at all stages of plastic deformation and fracture. The features of the process of sliding linear defects in metals are disclosed.

关键词： maxwell Stress Tensor of an Alternating (Intermittent) Field Equation of Evolution of Internal Stresses Autocorrelation Function of the Speed of Photoelectrons and Cations

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Newtonian Gravitational Radiation and Waves

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2020年第8期8卷 1449-1455页

作者： Gustavo v. lópez Departamento de Física Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico

In this paper, we review historical maxwell's equation for gravity and recent studies on the lack of curvature of linear dipole gravitational waves. The extended Newton's gravity necessarily has the continuity equation for the conservation of mass, and with the Gauss' equation associated to gravitational time depending field R, bring about a new field W which resembles the magnetic field in Electrodynamics. Although this field has not been found yet, its existence comes from a strong mathematical statement, and it is shown that linear dipole gravitational waves have their origin in extended Newton theory of gravity. This is a direct mathematical consequence of Gauss' law and the continuity equation for the density of mass and current, and as a direct result of this, any accelerated mass will emit mainly dipole gravitational radiation. Then, one concludes that dipole gravitational waves can have its origin on the extended Newton's gravity equations.

关键词： Gravitational Field maxwell's Equations Gravitational Waves Gravitational Radiation Reaction

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On maxwell Equations for Gravitational Field

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018年第4期6卷 932-947页

作者： Gustavo v. lópez Departamento de Física Universidad de Guadalajara Blvd. Marcelino García Barragan y Calzada Olímpica Guadalajara Jalisco Mexico

For explicitly time depending mass density which satisfies a continuity equation, it is shown that maxwell-like equations for gravitational field follow naturally without any need of General Relativity Theory approximation or related assumptions. As a consequence, it is shown that several features already known in Electrodynamics (Poynting vector, density of energy, tensor stress, and radiation) are totally reproduced for gravitational field.

关键词： Gravitational Field maxwell’s Equations Gravitational Waves Gravitational Radiation Reaction

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Associative Space-Time Sedenions and Their Application in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics and Field Theory

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Applied Mathematics 2015年第1期6卷 46-56页

作者： victor l. Mironov Sergey v. Mironov Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS Nizhny Novgorod Russia lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod Russia

We present an alternative sixteen-component hypercomplex scalar-vector values named “space-time sedenions”, generating associative noncommutative space-time Clifford algebra. The generalization of relativistic quant... 详细信息

关键词： Clifford Algebra Space-Time Sedenions Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Sedenionic Klein-Gordon Equation Sedenionic Dirac Equation Sedenionic maxwell Equiations

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Reformulation of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Equations with Non-Commutative Sedeons

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Applied Mathematics 2013年第10期4卷 53-60页

作者： victor l. Mironov Sergey v. Mironov Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nizhniy Novgorod Russia

We present sixteen-component values “sedeons”, generating associative non-commutative space-time algebra. The generalized relativistic wave equations based on sedeonic wave function and space-time operators are proposed. We demonstrate that sedeonic second-order wave equation for massive field can be reformulated as the quasi-classical equation for the potentials of the field or in equivalent form as the maxwell-like equations for the field intensities. The sedeonic first-order Dirac-like equations for massive and massless fields are also discussed.

关键词： Clifford Algebra Sedeons Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Sedeonic Klein-Gordon and Dirac Equations

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从木材解剖学视角看公元6世纪中期晚古小冰期的开始时间

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Science Bulletin 2022年第22期67卷 2336-2344页

作者： Ulf Büntgen Alan Crivellaro Dominique Arseneault Mike Baillie David barclay Mauro Bernabei Jarno Bontadi Gretel Boswijk David Brown Duncan AChristie Olga vChurakova Edward RCook Rosanne D’Arrigo Nicole Davi Jan Esper Patrick Fonti Ciara Greaves Rashit MHantemirov Malcolm KHughes Alexander vKirdyanov Paul JKrusic Carlos le Quesne Fredrik Cljungqvist Michael McCormick vladimir SMyglan Kurt Nicolussi Clive Oppenheimer Jonathan Palmer 秦春 Frederick Reinig Matthew Salzer Markus Stoffel Max Torbenson Mirek Trnka Ricardo villalba Nick Wiesenberg Greg Wiles 杨保 Alma Piermattei Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Swiss Federal Research Institute(WSl) Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Global Change Research Centre(CzechGlobe) Brno 60300Czech Republic Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno 61300Czech Republic Forest Biometrics laboratory Faculty of Forestry“Stefan cel Mare”University of SuceavaSuceava 720229Romania Department of Biology Chemistry and GeographyUniversity of Quebec in RimouskiRimouski Qc.G5L 3A1Canada Archaeology&Palaeoecology School of Natural and Built EnvironmentQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Department of Geology State University of New York at CortlandCortland NY 13045USA CNR-IBE Institute of BioEconomyNational Research CouncilTrento 38121Italy School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia 509000Chile Center for Climate and Resilience Research(CR) Santiago 8370449Chile Cape Horn International Center(CHIC) Punta Arenas 6200000Chile Institute of Ecology and Geography Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Tree-Ring laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades NY 10964USA Department of Environmental Science William Paterson UniversityWayne NJ 07470USA Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz 55099Germany Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburg 620144Russia Ural Institute of Humanities Ural Federal UniversityYekaterinburg 620002Russia laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721USA Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Department of Physical Geography Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study

公元536~540年间的大规模火山喷发使得晚古小冰期成为过去两千年最为寒冷的时期.然而,受限于现有气候代用资料的时间分辨率和空间覆盖度,晚古小冰期的开始时间和空间范围仍存有争议.本文分析了全球23个森林样点、20个树种的106个树轮样... 详细信息

公元536~540年间的大规模火山喷发使得晚古小冰期成为过去两千年最为寒冷的时期.然而,受限于现有气候代用资料的时间分辨率和空间覆盖度,晚古小冰期的开始时间和空间范围仍存有争议.本文分析了全球23个森林样点、20个树种的106个树轮样本资料,从细胞尺度揭示了公元530~550年间北半球发生的短暂夏季冷却现象.经过交叉定年和染色处理后,在北半球的树轮样品中共识别出89个蓝轮(缺失细胞壁木质化过程)、9个霜轮(细胞分裂受阻)和93个浅轮(细胞壁增厚减弱).研究结果表明,公元536年7月中旬至8月初期间整个北美和欧亚大陆均发生了最剧烈的温度下降,而更多的区域性“冷夏”出现于公元532年、540~543年和548年.然而,本研究在南半球的树轮资料中并未发现异常的解剖结构,其原因可能与南半球的海洋热惯性减缓了火山降温效应有关,也或与南半球其时正值非生长季有关.相较于传统的树轮年代学方法,本研究的木材解剖学的方法能为地球系统模式提供更为精细的参考标准,有望服务于气候与人类历史交叉学科研究,同时对“全球气候平均”概念的使用提出质疑.

关键词：地球系统模式小冰期火山喷发树轮年代学全球气候欧亚大陆冷夏染色处理

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