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Update on the reciprocal interference between immunosuppressive therapy and gut microbiota after kidney transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 72-83页

作者： maurizio Salvadori Giuseppina Rosso Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University HospitalFlorence 50139TuscanyItaly Division of Nephrology San Giovanni di Dio HospitalFlorence 50143ToscanaItaly

Gut microbiota is often modified after kidney *** principally happens in the first period after *** and,most of all,immunosuppressive drugs are the main *** relationship between immunosuppressive drugs and the gut microbiota is *** one side immunosuppressive drugs modify the gut microbiota,often generating dysbiosis;from the other side microbiota may interfere with the immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics,producing products more or less active with respect to the original *** phenomena have influence over the graft outcomes and clinical consequences as rejections,infections,diarrhea may be caused by the dysbiotic ***,calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine,mycophenolate mofetil and mTOR inhibitors are the immunosuppressive drugs whose effect on the gut microbiota is better *** contrast is well known how the gut microbiota may interfere with glucocorticoids,which may be transformed into *** may be transformed by microbiota into a product called M1 that is 15-fold less active with respect to *** pro-drug mycophenolate mofetil is normally transformed in mycophenolic acid that according the presence or not of microbes producing the enzyme glucuronidase,may be transformed into the inactive product.

关键词： Immunosuppressive therapy Kidney transplantation Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Pathobionts Graft outcomes

Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists are potentially useful drugs for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第30期30卷 3541-3547页

作者： maurizio Soresi Lydia Giannitrapani Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infant CareInternal Medicine and Medical Specialties(PROMISE)University of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy

In this editorial,we comment on Yin et al’s recently published Letter to the *** particular,we focus on the potential use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)alone,but even more so in combination therapy,as one of the most promising therapies in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),the new definition of an old condition,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,which aims to better define the spectrum of steatotic *** is well known that GLP-1RAs,having shown outstanding performance in fat loss,weight loss,and improvement of insulin resistance,could play a role in protecting the liver from progressive *** clinical trials have shown that,among GLP-1RAs,semaglutide is a safe,well-studied therapeutic choice for MASLD patients;however,most studies demonstrate that,while semaglutide can reduce steatosis,including steatohepatitis histological signs(in terms of inflammatory cell infiltration and hepatocyte ballooning),it does not improve *** of therapies with different but complementary mechanisms of action are considered the best way to improve efficiency and slow disease progression due to the complex pathophysiology of the *** particular,GLP-1RAs associated with antifibrotic drug therapy,dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)/GLP-1RA or GLP-1 and glucagon RAs have promoted greater improvement in hepatic steatosis,liver biochemistry,and non-invasive fibrosis tests than ***,although to date there are no definitive indications from international drug agencies,there is the hope that soon the therapeutic lines in the most advanced phase of study will be able to provide a therapy for MASLD,one that will certainly include the use of GLP-1RAs as combination therapy.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Glucagon-like peptide 1 Semaglutide Liver fibrosis Therapy

Dexamethasone and N-acetylcysteine before transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma:A Western perspective

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3635-3639页

作者： Marco Biolato maurizio Pompili Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences CEMAD Digestive Disease CenterFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Catholic University of Sacred HeartRome 00168LazioItaly

Post-embolization syndrome(PES)is the most common complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial *** strategies have been evaluated to reduce the incidence of PES,but no standard prevention guidelines currently *** a single-center,placebo-controlled trial,Simasingha et al evaluated the prophylactic administration of a combination of dexamethasone and N-acetylcysteine and documented a significant reduction in the incidence of PES(from 80%to 6%),of post-procedural liver decompensation(from 14%to 0%),and a shorter hospital stay(4 days vs 6 days),alongside an acceptable safety *** results of this study raise several controversial points regarding their applicability in the Western *** the West,there is a greater and increasing prevalence of metabolic and alcoholic etiologies of liver cirrhosis,so a not negligible number of patients with type II diabetes or hypertension would be excluded from high-dosage dexamethasone ***,in the West,there is a preferred use of drug-eluting beads loaded with doxorubicin,which are associated with a lower incidence of PES.A study on prophylaxis with dexamethasone and/or N-acetylcysteine in a Western population is hopefully awaited.

关键词： Chemotherapeutic drugs Lipiodol Post-embolization syndrome Prevention Prophylaxis

Epoché as the Breakthrough of the Natural Attitude

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Philosophy Study 2024年第3期14卷 138-144页

作者： maurizio Trudu Universitàdegli Studi di Ferrara FerraraItaly Bergische Universität Wuppertal WuppertalGermany

The following contribution aims to interpret the methodical device of Husserl’s epochéin light of the concept of *** the epochéis a theoretical device directed towards the suspension of the natural attitude,I will first attempt to define the concept of natural ***,I will seek to understand the rich meaning of the concept of epoché.Finally,I will explore how this element is related to the concept of *** other words,I will endeavour to clarify how the epochédetermines a breakthrough of the natural attitude,which is not to be understood as“annihilation”or“destruction”but as a traversal.

关键词： Edmund Husserl epoché natural attitude phenomenology

Frequency of and reasons behind non-listing in adult patients referred for liver transplantation: Results from a retrospective study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 99-106页

作者： Marco Biolato Luca Miele Giuseppe Marrone Claudia Tarli Antonio Liguori Rosaria Calia Giovanni Addolorato Salvatore Agnes Antonio Gasbarrini maurizio Pompili Antonio Grieco Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences CEMADFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery Catholic University of Sacred HeartRome 00168Italy

BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the frequency of and the reasons behind the refusal of listing liver transplantation *** To assess the ineligibility rate for liver transplantation and its *** A single-center retrospective study was conducted on adult patients which entailed a formal multidisciplinary assessment for liver transplantation *** predictors for listing were evaluated using multivariable logistic *** In our center,314 patients underwent multidisciplinary work-up before liver transplantation enlisting over a three-year *** most frequent reasons for transplant evaluation were decompensated cirrhosis(51.6%)and hepatocellular carcinoma(35.7%).The non-listing rate was 53.8%and the transplant rate was 34.4%for the whole *** hundred and five motivations for ineligibility were *** most common contraindications were psychological(9.3%),cardiovascular(6.8%),and surgical(5.9%).Inappropriate or premature referral accounted for 76(37.1%)*** multivariable analysis,a referral from another hospital(OR:2.113;95%CI:1.259–3.548)served as an independent predictor of *** A non-listing decision occurred in half of our cohort and was based on an inappropriate or premature referral in one case out of *** referral from another hospital was taken as a strong predictor of non-listing.

关键词： Controindication Eligibility Evaluation Referral Personalized medicine

意大利地中海隼(Falco biarmicus feldeggii)繁殖种群的景观尺度空间分布

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2008年第6期37卷 422-426页

作者： Alessandro Andreotti Giovanni Leonardi maurizio sarà Massimo Brunelli Lorenzo De Lisio Augusto De Sanctis Mauro Magrini Riccardo Nardi Paolo Perna Antonio Sigismondi 梁虹意大利野生动物研究所(INFS) 锡耶纳大学巴勒莫大学 Romana鸟类观察与保护站(S.R.O.P.U.) 意大利卡美日诺大学阿普利亚区公园办公室

地中海隼(Falco biarmicus feldeggii)是欧洲濒危程度最高的物种之一。其全球数量估计不超过几百对,不均匀分布于西西里至里海的广阔而片断化的地区。最近统计表明,西西里地中海隼在全部种群数量中占很大比例(>25%)。因此,意大利政府提... 详细信息

地中海隼(Falco biarmicus feldeggii)是欧洲濒危程度最高的物种之一。其全球数量估计不超过几百对,不均匀分布于西西里至里海的广阔而片断化的地区。最近统计表明,西西里地中海隼在全部种群数量中占很大比例(>25%)。因此,意大利政府提出一项国家行动计划。在这一计划框架下,我们在意大利进行了首次地中海隼种群数量的全国调查(2003～2004年)。本研究的地理范围包括地中海隼的整个繁殖区,即西西里和意大利半岛(n=2909栅格单元,10km×10km)。另外,我们尽量考虑了以往(1993～2001年)区域调查的结果。我们对各个繁殖亚群的大小和分布进行评估,鉴别在景观尺度上与巢址空间分布相关的主要环境特征。在184个栅格单元(全部栅格地图的6.4%)中发现有地中海隼的存在,但同一繁殖期内地中海隼数量估计不超过140～172对(其中70～80对分布于西西里)。大陆繁殖栅格的隔离程度较高,而西西里地区的单元更为密集。海拔高度是意大利单元聚集性的主要影响因素;另外气候、降水量和植被等环境因素对此也有重要影响。本研究表明保护区内的处于繁殖期的地中海隼数量较少(23%～28%),意大利政府的保护措施还不够完善。在适于地中海隼巢址不规则空间聚集的优先性生境保护方面,多个小型、分散分布的特定保育区(SAC)优于大型特定保护区(SPA)。

关键词：繁殖种群空间分布景观尺度地中海意大利种群数量不均匀分布地理范围

Update on the gut microbiome in health and diseases

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第1期14卷 18-32页

The Human Microbiome Project,Earth Microbiome Project,and next-generation sequencing have advanced novel genome association,host genetic linkages,and pathogen *** microbiome is the sum of the microbes,their genetic information,and their ecological *** study will describe how millions of bacteria in the gut affect the human body in health and *** gut microbiome changes in relation with age,with an increase in Bacteroidetes and *** and environmental factors affecting the gut microbiome are diet,drugs,age,smoking,exercise,and host *** addition,changes in the gut microbiome may affect the local gut immune system and systemic immune *** this study,we discuss how the microbiome may affect the metabolism of healthy subjects or may affect the pathogenesis of metabolism-generating metabolic *** to the high number of publications on the argument,from a methodologically point of view,we decided to select the best papers published in referred journals in the last 3 *** we selected the previously published *** major goals of our study were to elucidate which microbiome and by which pathways are related to healthy and disease conditions.

关键词： Gut microbiome Dysbiosis Pathobionts Gut-brain axis Heart-brain axis Metabolic diseases Omics techniques

Optic nerve crush as a model of retinal ganglion cell degeneration

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第2期7卷 27-32页

作者： maurizio Cammalleri Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly

Background:Axonal degeneration caused by damage to the optic nerve can result in a gradual death of retinal ganglion cells(RGC),leading to irreversible vision *** example of such diseases in humans includes optic nerve degeneration in *** is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and the loss of RGCs that can lead to loss of *** different animal models developed to mimic glaucomatous neurodegeneration,all result in RGC loss consequent optic nerve ***:The present article summarizes experimental procedures and analytical methodologies related to one experimental model of glaucoma induced by optic nerve crush(ONC).Point-by-point protocol is reported with a particular focus on the critical point for the realization of the ***,information on the electroretinogram procedure and the immunohistochemical detection of RGCs are described to evaluate the morpho-functional consequences of ***:Although the model of ONC is improperly assimilated to glaucoma,then the ONC model simulates most of the signaling responses consequent to RGC apoptosis as observed in models of experimental *** this respect,the ONC model may be essential to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glaucomatous diseases and may help to develop novel neuroprotective therapies.

关键词： Axonal injury retrograde degeneration cell death

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