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Evaluation of the acute and sub acute toxicity of Annona senegalensis root bark extracts

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第4期5卷 277-282页

作者： Theophine C Okoye peter A Akah Adaobi C Ezike maureen O Okoye Collins A Onyeto Frankline Ndukwu Ejike Ohaegbulam Lovelyn Ikele Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Enugu StateNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka 410001Enugu StateNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria.Nsukka 410001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the safety profile of Annona senegalensis（***）.Methods: Dried powdered root-bark of *** was prepared by Sohxlet extraction using methanolmethylene chloride（1:1） solution and concentrated to obtain the methanol-methylene chloride extract（MME）.MME was fractionated to obtain the n-hexane（HF）,ethylacetate（EF） and methanol（MF） *** toxicity(LD50) test was performed with MME,HF,EF and MF in mice by oral *** sub acute toxicity studies were performed in rats after 14 days of MME administration while haemalological and biochemical parameters were ***: Medium lethal（LD-（50）） values of 1 296.3 808.1 265 and 2 154 mg/kg were obtained for the ***, HF and EF,*** sub-acute toxicity studies indicated a significant（P<0.05） increase in the body weight of both the treated rats and the *** haematological tests indicated no change in the packed cell volume values but a significant（P<0.05） increase in the total WBC count at 100 and 400 mg/kg *** differential analysis showed a decrease in the nutrophils and a non-significant increase in the lymphocyte *** liver transaminase enzymes, alanin transaminase and aspartate transaminase showed no significant increase compared to the *** examination of the liver sections also indicted no obvious signs of hepatotoxicity except with the 400 mg/kg dose that showed degeneration and necrosis of the ***:These results indicated that the root bark extracts of *** are safe at the lower doses tested,and calls for caution in use at higher doses in treatment.

关键词： Annona senegalensis Subacute toxicity Rats Hematology Histopathology

Investigating the Relationship between Food Pairings and Plate Waste from Elementary School Lunches

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1029-1044页

作者： Ariun Ishdorj Oral Capps Jr. maureen Storey peter S. Murano Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Alliance for Potato Research and Education McLean VA USA Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Plate waste, defined as the quantity of edible food left uneaten after a meal, is a challenge for schools participating in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). The new nutrition standards in the NSLP of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were implemented at the beginning of school year (SY) 2012-2013. School foodservice authorities were concerned that the new standards would result in increased plate waste and reduced participation, especially by students who paid full prices for lunch. There are many reasons for plate waste, including students’ dislike of the foods served, the composition of meals, the environment in which students are eating, the lack of time to eat, or perhaps other factors. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between entrée/vegetable “pairings” and plate waste by elementary school students pre- and post-implementation of the new school meal standards. Plate waste was measured to determine which entrée/vegetable pairs produced the least amount of waste. Plate waste of 144 and 305 entrée/vegetable pairings was analyzed, pre- and post-implementation, respectively. Our results indicated that more nutritious meals were offered during the post-implementation period. The new school meal standards led to no significant changes in entrée plate waste, but vegetable plate waste increased by 5.6%. As such, increases in the combined entrée/vegetable plate waste were evident from 40.4% pre-implementation to 43.5% post-implementation. The top five vegetables in terms of popularity were all starchy vegetables, the majority of which were potatoes in various processed forms. The least popular vegetables were dark-green leafy vegetables, such as steamed broccoli, both pre- and post-implementation. Chicken nuggets were the most popular entrée and were wasted the least. Understanding the dynamics of food pairings and providing desirable entrée and vegetable pairings can help reduce waste from school lunches.

关键词： Food Pairings National School Lunch Program Nutrients Plate Waste Vegetables

UniPron is A Fully Effective Non-hormonal Reversible Contraceptive in Baboon Model (Papio Anubis)

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2008年第2期19卷 107-118页

作者： Jael A.Obiero maureen N.Mburu Benson M.Ndung'u Kenneth K.Waititu Isaac Mulei Idle O.Farah peter G.Mwethera Department of Reproductive Health and Reproductive Biology Institute of Primate ResearchKarenNairobiKenya

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of UniPron as a reversible contraceptive.Methods Vaginal swabs were obtained before and after UniPron administration, cultured onto appropriate culture media and bacteria identification was done based on type of media used, Gram stain reactions, colony morphology and biochemical tests. Vaginal biopsy tissues were processed using paraffin wax method, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy to determine the effect of the product on vaginal tissues. The effect of UniPron on sperm was examined by mixing the product with electroejaculated spermatozoa in vitro at different concentrations. For efficacy studies, male baboons of proven fertility were mated with UniPron treated or untreated females of proven fertility during the fertile stages. Results All the five females （100%） that were treated with UniPron did not conceive and they regained total fertility when the treatment was stopped while all the controls conceived. At a concentration of 40%, UniPron completely immobilized spermatozoa in an in-vitro system. UniPron mechanism of action was by lowering the vaginal pH and on application in baboon, the pH was lowered for at least 3 h after which it went back to normal.Conclusions As we plan for a study to test UniPron as a microbicide to prevent STIs including HIV, our current study has established that this novel product is effective in contraception and harmless to vaginal tissues and vaginal microbial flora in a baboon model （Papio anubis）.

关键词： Papio anubis UniPron vagina epithelium pH microflora microbicidal contraceptive

Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans,China

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Virologica Sinica 2018年第1期33卷 104-107页

作者： Ning Wang Shi-Yue Li Xing-Lou Yang Hui-Min Huang Yu-Ji Zhang Hua Guo ,Chu-Ming Luo maureen Miller Guangjian Zhu Aleksei A. Chmura Emily Hagan Ji-Hua Zhou Yun-Zhi Zhang Lin-Fa Wang peter Daszak Zheng-Li Shi CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Health Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071 China Eco Health Alliance New York NY 10001 USA Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention Dali 671000 China School of Public Health Dali University Dali 671000 China Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore 169857 Singapore

Dear Editor,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARSCo V)is the causative agent of the 2002–2003 SARS pandemic,which resulted in more than 8000 human infections worldwide and an approximately 10%fatality rate(Ksiazek et al.2003;Peiris et al.2004).The virus infects both upper airway and alveolar epithelial cells,resulting in mild to severe lung injury in

关键词：病毒感染 SARS 血清学证据中国世界范围症候群代理人

CYP2D6PCR基因型与DXT表型和基因芯片检测的比较(英文)

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中国临床药理学与治疗学 2002年第2期7卷 100-105页

作者：严奉祥廖端芳 CHOU Wen-Hwei WEDLUND peter-J ROBBINS-WEILER Dorris-K RYDER Thomas-B PERBOST ClotildeQuintiles Inc FAIRCHILD maureen KOCH Walter-H 南华大学药物药理研究所衡阳421001 College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky Quintiles Inc Affymetrix Santa Clara CA Roche Molecular Inc Alameda CA

目的 :为了评价CYP2D6的基因型和表型的联系以及基因芯片在CYP2D6多基因分析中的应用。方法 :2 4 2健康志愿者 ,口服dextromethorphan后收集尿液测定其代谢率 ,收集 2 0ml血提取DNA ,并通过基因特异性PCR和 / (或 )基因芯片分析CYP2D6 ... 详细信息

目的 :为了评价CYP2D6的基因型和表型的联系以及基因芯片在CYP2D6多基因分析中的应用。方法 :2 4 2健康志愿者 ,口服dextromethorphan后收集尿液测定其代谢率 ,收集 2 0ml血提取DNA ,并通过基因特异性PCR和 / (或 )基因芯片分析CYP2D6 2——— 11, 17和多拷贝CYP2D6基因 ,其中 5个基因 ( 3、 4、 6、 7和 9)用PCR和CYD4 5 0基因芯片同时分析。结果 :CYP2D6基因型比表型更富有信息和更能反映CYP2D6酶的表达。CYP2D6 3、 4、 6、 7和 9的基因检测在CYP4 5 0基因芯片和基因特异性PCR中显示高度的一致性。结论 :基因芯片在检测基因多位点的多基因中是一个有发展前途和可靠的方法。

关键词： CYP2D6 表型基因型 PCR 寡核苷酸微陈列杂交

Human-animal interactions and bat coronavirus spillover potential among rural residents in Southern China

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Biosafety and Health 2019年第2期1卷 84-90页

作者： Li Hongying Mendelsohn Emma Zong Chen Zhang Wei Hagan Emily Wang Ning Li Shiyue Yan Hong Huang Huimin Zhu Guangjian Ross Noam Chmura Aleksei Terry Philip Fielder Mark Miller maureen Shi Zhengli Daszak peter EcoHealth Alliance New YorkNYUSA School of Education and Human Development University of Colorado DenverDenverCOUSA Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety Wuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China School of Health Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Directorate of Research Business and InnovationKingston UniversityLondonUK School of Life Science Engineering and ComputingKingston UniversityLondonUK Mailman School of Public Health Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Human interaction with animals has been implicated as a primary risk factor for several high impact zoonoses,including many bat-origin viral *** the animal-to-human spillover events that lead to emerging diseases are rarely observed or clinically examined,and the link between specific interactions and spillover risk is poorly *** investigate this phenomenon,we conducted biological-behavioral surveillance among rural residents in Yunnan,Guangxi,and Guangdong districts of Southern China,where we have identified a number of SARS-related coronaviruses in *** samples were tested for four bat-borne coronaviruses using newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).Survey data were used to characterize associations between human-animal contact and bat coronavirus spillover risk.A total of 1,596 residents were enrolled in the study from 2015 to *** participants(0.6%)tested positive for bat coronaviruses.265(17%)participants reported severe acute respiratory infections(SARI)and/or influenza-like illness(ILI)symptoms in the past year,which were associated with poultry,carnivore,rodent/shrew,or bat contact,with variability by family income and district of *** study provides serological evidence of bat coronavirus spillover in rural communities in Southern *** low seroprevalence observed in this study suggests that bat coronavirus spillover is a rare ***,this study highlights associations between human-animal interaction and zoonotic spillover *** findings can be used to support targeted biological behavioral surveillance in high-risk geographic areas in order to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease emergence.

关键词： Bat coronavirus Human-animal interaction Disease emergence Southern China Rural community

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可以帮助治疗癌症的真菌

商业周刊（中文版） 2018年第12期 17-18页

作者： peter Andrey Smith 杜然(译)

莫林·希伦迈尔（maureen Hillenmeyer）并不确定孵化器里生长的到底是什么，不过她期望很高。在赫克萨贡生物公司（Hexagon Bio）的后室，矩形盘被加热到30摄氏度，里面全是一些特别的酵母。这种真菌微生物煞费苦心地配备了定制打印的... 详细信息

莫林·希伦迈尔（maureen Hillenmeyer）并不确定孵化器里生长的到底是什么，不过她期望很高。在赫克萨贡生物公司（Hexagon Bio）的后室，矩形盘被加热到30摄氏度，里面全是一些特别的酵母。这种真菌微生物煞费苦心地配备了定制打印的DNA部分，使普通的发面酵母具有了产生新的化合物的能力，这些化合物有可能用来治病。

关键词：真菌癌症治疗微生物化合物孵化器 DNA 酵母