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How Do Sugars Regulate Plant Growth and Development？ New Insight into the Role of Treha Iose-6-Phosphate

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 261-274页

作者： Liam e. O'Hara matthew J. Paul Astrid Wingler Genetics Evolution and Environment University College London Gower Street London WCl E 6BT UK Plant Science Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK

Plant growth and development are tightly controlled in response to environmental conditions that influence the availability of photosynthetic carbon in the form of sucrose. Trehalose-6-phosphate （T6P）, the precursor of trehalose in the biosynthetic pathway, is an important signaling metabolite that is involved in the regulation of plant growth and development in response to carbon availability. In addition to the plant＇s own pathway for trehalose synthesis, formation of T6P or trehalose by pathogens can result in the reprogramming of plant metabolism and development. Developmental processes that are regulated by T6P range from embryo development to leaf senescence. Some of these processes are regulated in interaction with phytohormones, such as auxin. A key interacting factor of T6P signaling in response to the environment is the protein kinase sucrose non-fermenting related kinase-1 （SnRK1）, whose catalytic activity is inhibited by T6R SnRK1 is most likely involved in the adjustment of metabolism and growth in response to starvation. The transcription factor bZlP11 has recently been identified as a new player in the T6P/SnRK1 regulatory pathway. By inhibiting SnRK1, T6P promotes biosynthetic reactions. This regulation has important consequences for crop production, for example, in the developing wheat grain and during the growth of potato tubers.

关键词： bZlP11 carbon availability plant development starvation sucrose non-fermenting related kinase-1 (SnRK1) trehalose trehalose-6-phosphate.

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准备迎接更严格的美国商标法

进出口经理人 2015年第4期 78-80页

作者： B.Brett Heavner Morgan e.smith 美国飞翰律师事务所

目前，与美国公民和公司相比，非美国的商标所有者在向美国专利及商标局（USPTO）注册其商标时具有显著优势。具体而言，美国法律要求美国公民和位于美国的公司提交证据来证明其所申请的商标在注册签发前已在美国商业市场中使用，参见15... 详细信息

目前，与美国公民和公司相比，非美国的商标所有者在向美国专利及商标局（USPTO）注册其商标时具有显著优势。具体而言，美国法律要求美国公民和位于美国的公司提交证据来证明其所申请的商标在注册签发前已在美国商业市场中使用，参见15 U.S.C.§1051，商标审查程序手册（TMeP）§903、904。美国商标法“用于商业”这一要求的公共政策基础是USPTO商标注册应能反映美国市场的实际状况。企业只能为其在美国实际提供的产品和服务在美国获得商标权。

关键词：美国公民商标法 USPTO 商标注册商业市场美国专利法律要求审查程序

The utility of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of volume status in acute and critically ill patients

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World Journal of emergency Medicine 2019年第4期10卷 232-238页

作者： Ali Pourmand matthew Pyle David Yamane Kazi Sumon Sarah e.Frasure Department of emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:Volume resuscitation has only been demonstrated to be effective in approximately fifty percent of *** remaining patients do not respond to volume resuscitation and may even develop adverse outcomes(such as acute pulmonary edema necessitating endotracheal intubation).We believe that point-of-care ultrasound is an excellent modality by which to adequately predict which patients may benefi t from volume *** ReSOURCeS:We performed a search using PubMed,Scopus,and *** following search terms were used:fluid responsiveness,ultrasound,non-invasive,hemodynamic,fluid challenge,and passive leg *** was given to clinical trials and review articles that were most relevant to the topic of assessing a patient’s cardiovascular ability to respond to intravenous fl uid administration using ***:Point-of-care ultrasound can be easily employed to measure the diameter and collapsibility of various large vessels including the inferior vena cava,common carotid artery,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein,and femoral *** parameters are closely related to dynamic measures of fluid responsiveness and can be used by providers to help guide fluid resuscitation in critically ill ***:Ultrasound in combination with passive leg raise is a non-invasive,costand time-effective modality that can be employed to assess volume status and response to fluid *** sonographic studies have focused on the evaluation of large veins such as the inferior vena cava,and internal jugular vein.A number of recently published studies also demonstrate the usefulness of evaluating large arteries to predict volume status.

关键词： Stroke volume Fluid responsiveness Ultrasound Non-invasive Hemodynamic

Role of phenotypic plasticity in morphological differentiation between watersnake populations

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 329-337页

作者： Ian T.CLIFTON Jeremy D.CHAMBeRLAIN matthew e.GIFFORD Department of Biology University of Central ArkansasConwayArkansasUSA Department of Biology Southern Arkansas UniversityMagnoliaArkansasUSA Department of environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA

An individual’s morphology is shaped by the environmental pressures it experiences,and the resulting morphological response is the culmination of both genetic factors and environmental(non-genetic)conditions experienced early in its life(*** plasticity).The role that phenotypic plasticity plays in shaping phenotypes is important,but evidence for its influence is often *** exposed female neonate diamond-backed watersnakes(Nerodia rhombifer)from populations experiencing different prey-size regimes to different feeding treatments to test the influence of phenotypic plasticity in shaping trophic *** found that snakes in a large-prey treatment from a population frequently encountering large prey exhibited a higher growth rate in body size than individuals in a small-prey treatment from the same *** pattern was not observed in snakes from a population that regularly encounters small *** also found that regardless of treatment,snakes from the smallprey population were smaller at birth than snakes from the large-prey population and remained so throughout the *** results suggest that the ability to plastically respond to environmental pressures may be population*** results also indicate a genetic predisposition towards larger body sizes in a population where large prey items are more common.

关键词： common garden diamond-backed watersnake local adaptation phenotypic plasticity trophic morphology

NeCAB family of neuronal calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： Diones Bueno Michael K.e.Schafer Sudena Wang Michael J.Schmeisser Axel Methner Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The N-terminal eF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NeCAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one eF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NeCAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NeCAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NeCAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NeCAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NeCAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NeCAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NeCAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NeCAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NeCAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the eF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interac

关键词： calcium eF hand mitochondria nervous system signal transduction

Skilful Forecasts of Summer Rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin from November

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2082-2091页

作者： Philip e.BeTT Nick DUNSTONe Nicola GOLDING Doug smith Chaofan LI Met Office Hadley Centre FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and Planetary Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Variability in the east Asian summer monsoon(eASM)brings the risk of heavy flooding or drought to the Yangtze River basin,with potentially devastating *** forecasts of the likelihood of enhanced or reduced monsoon rainfall can enable better management of water and hydropower resources by decision-makers,supporting livelihoods and major economic and population centres across eastern *** paper demonstrates that the eASM is predictable in a dynamical forecast model from the preceding November,and that this allows skilful forecasts of summer mean rainfall in the Yangtze River basin at a lead time of six *** skill for May–June–July rainfall is of a similar magnitude to seasonal forecasts initialised in spring,although the skill in June–July–August is much weaker and not consistently ***,there is some evidence for enhanced skill following el Niño *** potential for decadal-scale variability in forecast skill is also examined,although we find no evidence for significant variation.

关键词： seasonal forecasting interannual forecasting flood forecasting Yangtze basin rainfall east Asian summer monsoon

Current state of laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第28期21卷 8670-8677页

作者： Francis J DeAsis Brittany Lapin matthew e Gitelis Michael B Ujiki Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Surgery North Shore University Health System

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic approaches for parastomal hernia repair reported in the ***:A systematic review of PubMed and MeDLINe databases was conducted using various combination of the following keywords:stoma repair,laparoscopic,parastomal,and *** reports,studies with less than 5 patients,and articles not written in english were *** studies were further scrutinized with the 2011 levels of evidence from the Oxford Centre for evidence-Based *** authors reviewed and analyzed each *** there was any discrepancy between scores,the study in question was referred to another author.A meta-analysis was performed using both random and fixed-effect *** bias was evaluated using Begg's funnel plot and egger's regression *** primary outcome analyzed was recurrence of parastomal *** outcomes were mesh infection,surgical site infection,obstruction requiring reoperation,death,and other *** were grouped by operative technique where *** for recurrence,most postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort and not by approach so they were analyzed across ***:Fifteen articles with a total of 469 patients were deemed eligible for *** postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort,and not by *** overall postoperative morbidity rate was 1.8%(95%CI:0.8-3.2),and there was no difference between *** most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection,which was seen in 3.8%(95%CI:2.3-5.7).Infected mesh was observed in 1.7%(95%CI:0.7-3.1),and obstruction requiring reoperation also occurred in 1.7%(95%CI:0.7-3.0).Other complications such as ileus,pneumonia,or urinary tract infection were noted in16.6%(95%CI:11.9-22.1).eighty-one recurrences were reported overall for a recurrence rate of 17.4%(95%CI:9.5-26.9).The recurrence rate was 10.2%(95%CI:3.9-19.0) for the modif

关键词： Parastomal Hernia Laparoscopic Repair Treatment Sugarbaker Keyhole Sandwich Ileostomy Colostomy

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浮游鱼卵和仔鱼的调查规范

福建水产 1984年第4期6卷 74-77页

作者： Paul e.smith Sally L.Richardson 陈枫

估算鱼类种群数量的方法很多，其中鱼卵和仔鱼也可用来作为评估成体种群数量的指标。许多海洋鱼类的卵和仔鱼都是浮游性的，只需用简单的浮游生物网就可进行采样。采样用的调查船无需特殊要求，设备简单，花费较少。并且，使用仔鱼指标... 详细信息

估算鱼类种群数量的方法很多，其中鱼卵和仔鱼也可用来作为评估成体种群数量的指标。许多海洋鱼类的卵和仔鱼都是浮游性的，只需用简单的浮游生物网就可进行采样。采样用的调查船无需特殊要求，设备简单，花费较少。并且，使用仔鱼指标估算出的种群数量较为可靠。由于具有这些优点，所以使用鱼卵和仔鱼来评估种群数量的方法开始受到重视。

关键词：鱼卵仔鱼种群数量成体浮游生物使用鱼类种群海洋鱼类

A Model to Describe the Fracture of Porous Polygranular Graphite Subject to Neutron Damage and Radiolytic Oxidation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2016年第3期51卷 163-185页

作者： G.smith e.Schlangen P.e.J.Flewitt A.G.Crocker A.Hodgkins Interface Analysis Centre School of PhysicsUniversity of BristolBristolBS81TLUK Faculty of Civil engineering and Geosciences Delft University of TechnologyDelftNetherlands HH Wills Physics Laboratory School of PhysicsUniversity of BristolBristolBS81TLUK Physics Department University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XH AMeC Clean energy now AMEC Foster-WheelerWalton House404 Faraday StreetBirchwood ParkWarringtonCheshireWA36GAUK

Two linked models have been developed to explore the relationship between the amount of porosity arising in service from both radiolytic oxidation and fast neutron damage that influences both the strength and the force-displacement(load-displacement)behaviour and crack propagation in pile grade A graphite used as a nuclear reactor moderator *** models of the microstructure of the porous graphite for both unirradiated and irradiated graphite are *** form the input for the second stage,simulating fracture in lattice-type finite element models,which predicts force(load)-displacement and crack propagation *** comprising aligned filler particles,typical of needle coke,in a porous matrix have been *** purpose was to isolate the contributions of filler particles and porosity to fracture strength and crack paths and consider their implications for the overall failure of reactor core graphite.

关键词： Reactor core graphite Modelling microstructure Fe lattice model Fracture strength Crack path