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Fine mapping and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene YrAYH in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross involving wheat landrace Anyuehong

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 826-835页

作者： Li Long Jue Li Linyu Huang Huiling Jin Fangnian Guan Haipeng Zhang Sasa Zhao Hao Li Zhien Pu Wei Li Qiantao Jiang Yuming Wei Jian Ma Houyang Kang Shoufen Dai Pengfei Qi Qiang Xu Mei Deng Youliang Zheng Yunfeng Jiang matthew James Moscou Guoyue Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina The Sainsbury Laboratory Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHEnglandUK United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease LaboratorySt.PaulMN 55108USA

Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),is a devastating disease in wheat *** and characterizing new resistance genes/QTL is crucial for wheat breeding *** this study,we fine-mapped and characterized a stripe rust resistance gene,YRAYH,on chromosome arm 5BL in the Chinese wheat landrace Anyuehong(AYH).Evaluations of stripe rust response to prevalent Chinese Pst races in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross of Anyuehong and Taichung 29 showed that YrAYH conferred a high level of resistance at all growth *** mapping using a large segregating population of 9748 plants,narrowed the YRAYH locus to a 3.7 Mb interval on chromosome arm 5BL that included 61 annotated *** analysis of two NIL pairs identified 64 upregulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the resistant NILs(NILs-R).Annotations indicated that many of these genes have roles in plant disease resistance *** a combined approach of fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing,we identified a serine/threonine-protein kinase SRPK as a candidate gene underlying YrAYH.A unique 25 bp insertion was identified in the NILs-R compared to the NILs-S and previously published wheat *** InDel marker was developed and co-segregated with *** trait evaluation of the NILs suggested that YrAYH not only reduces the impact of stripe rust but was also associated with a gene that increases plant height and spike length.

关键词： Candidate gene analysis Crop protection Puccinia striiformis Transcriptome analyses

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Considerations for the use of porcine organ donation models in preclinical organ donor intervention research

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 283-296页

作者： Frazer I.Heinis Shaheed Merani Nicholas W.Markin Kim F.Duncan Michael J.Moulton Lance Fristoe William E.Thorell Raechel A.Sherrick Tami R.Wells matthew T.Andrews Marian Urban School of Natural Resources Institute of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA Division of Transplantation and Vascular Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Anesthesiology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Clinical Perfusion Nebraska Medicine-Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA Department of Comparative Medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA

Use of animal models in preclinical transplant research is essential to the optimization of human allografts for clinical *** models of organ donation and preservation help to advance and improve technical elements of solid organ recovery and facilitate research of ischemia-reperfusion injury,organ preservation strategies,and future donor-based *** considerations include cost,public opinion regarding the conduct of animal research,translational value,and relevance of the animal model for clinical *** present an overview of two porcine models of organ donation:donation following brain death(DBD)and donation following circulatory death(DCD).The cardiovascular anatomy and physiology of pigs closely resembles those of humans,making this species the most appropriate for pre-clinical *** are also considered a potential source of organs for human heart and kidney *** is imperative to minimize animal loss during procedures that are surgically *** present our experience with these models and describe in detail the use cases,procedural approach,challenges,alternatives,and limitations of each model.

关键词： animal model brain death circulatory death organ transplantation

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解决围绕碳酸盐岩风化碳汇的争议

中国科学:地球科学 2024年第9期54卷 2747-2761页

作者：白晓永张思蕊 Pete smith 李朝君熊练杜朝超薛盈盈李姿霖龙明康李明会张小芸杨姝罗青沈晓倩中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵州大学资源与环境工程学院中国科学院地球环境研究所中国科学院第四纪与全球变化卓越研究中心中国科学院大学 Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen 贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院

在全球碳循环过程,碳酸盐岩风化碳汇(CCSs)的重要性几乎与植被碳汇相同.然而,由于碳酸盐溶解过程可逆,在各国制定应对全球气候问题的碳中和政策时, CCSs引发了争议.因此,为了解决这些争议,本文回顾了对CCSs研究的最新进展,并围绕其存在... 详细信息

在全球碳循环过程,碳酸盐岩风化碳汇(CCSs)的重要性几乎与植被碳汇相同.然而,由于碳酸盐溶解过程可逆,在各国制定应对全球气候问题的碳中和政策时, CCSs引发了争议.因此,为了解决这些争议,本文回顾了对CCSs研究的最新进展,并围绕其存在的一些悬而未决的争议进行了探讨.分析了有关CCSs的五个争议,分别揭示了CCSs的存在,量化了它们的重要性,澄清了它们的时空格局,并记录了它们在全球变化背景下如何增加和演变.通过解决这些争议,将有助于明确CCSs在全球陆地生态系统碳循环中的作用.

关键词：碳汇碳酸盐岩风化碳循环气候变化人工干预

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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin M.Knight Connor M.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner Joseph R.smith Chris M.Orban Juan J.Manfredi Kyle D.Frische Michael L.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 MeV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

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美国保费变贵究竟怪谁?

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第7期 18-20页

作者： matthew Griffin 融汐(译) 不详

保险公司认为,诉讼推高了保险费,但消费者权益倡导者不认同这一点。保险公司列出了一长串提高保费的理由:自2021年物价升以来,通胀一直是一个大问题;与司机因手机分心有关的车祸有所增加;气候变化导致破坏房屋的自然灾害增多;欺诈性索... 详细信息

保险公司认为,诉讼推高了保险费,但消费者权益倡导者不认同这一点。保险公司列出了一长串提高保费的理由:自2021年物价升以来,通胀一直是一个大问题;与司机因手机分心有关的车祸有所增加;气候变化导致破坏房屋的自然灾害增多;欺诈性索赔更是屡见不鲜。最近,一个新的理由引起了人们的关注,即“社会通胀”,这通常指的是法律成本不断上升。

关键词：消费者权益保险公司气候变化自然灾害保险费欺诈性索赔通胀倡导者

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美联储走不完的最后一公里

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第5期 24-25页

作者： matthew Boesler 易语(译) 不详

大多数关注美联储的人会说,2021年当通胀率开始上升时,美联储等了太久才加息。如今,通胀趋缓,政策制定者们却在作出降息决策上踟蹰不前,可以说,美联储又一次落在了曲线后面。延迟行动的风险在于,高利率最终可能将开始伤及迄今为止表现... 详细信息

大多数关注美联储的人会说,2021年当通胀率开始上升时,美联储等了太久才加息。如今,通胀趋缓,政策制定者们却在作出降息决策上踟蹰不前,可以说,美联储又一次落在了曲线后面。延迟行动的风险在于,高利率最终可能将开始伤及迄今为止表现尚可、并未如人们普遍预期那样大幅放缓的美国经济。

关键词：高利率政策制定者通胀率加息降息最后一公里美联储预期

Molecular Docking Studies on Streptomycin Antileishmanial Activity

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 36-48页

作者： Todd A. Young matthew George Jr. Ayele Gugssa William M. Southerland Yayin Fang Clarence M. Lee Department of Biology Howard University Washington DC United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Howard University Washington DC United States

Resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs and the lack of vaccines make it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptomycin, an aminoglycoside, and Amphotericin B, the second-line treatment drug, exhibit antileishmanial activity through a similar mechanism. By using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment), we performed molecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosome targets in Leishmania and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the same pockets in Leishmania targets but to the same pockets in the human ribosome, with some differences in interactions. Moreover, our 2D maps indicated that Amphotericin B binds to the A-site in the human cytoplasmic ribosome, whereas streptomycin does not.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Streptomycin Amphotericin B Molecular Docking Aminoglycosides Antileishmanial

极干旱胁迫对雀麦、多年生黑麦草生长和体内水分的影响

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草地学报 2024年

作者：张咏梅胡海英白小明 matthew Cory García-Favre Javier Ordó?ez Iván P 甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室宁夏大学林业与草业学院甘肃农业大学草业学院农业与环境学院梅西大学坎佩奈克农艺研究所

为研究极端干旱对牧草生长的影响，选择多年生黑麦草（Lolium Perenne）(Lp)和雀麦（Bromus Valdivianus）(Bv)给予80%?85%植物有效水（Plant available water， PAW）和20%?25% PAW 2种水分处理，分析2牧草生长及体内水分状况对干旱胁... 详细信息

为研究极端干旱对牧草生长的影响，选择多年生黑麦草（Lolium Perenne）(Lp)和雀麦（Bromus Valdivianus）(Bv)给予80%?85%植物有效水（Plant available water， PAW）和20%?25% PAW 2种水分处理，分析2牧草生长及体内水分状况对干旱胁迫的响应。研究表明：1)80%?85% PAW充足水分下，2牧草生物量积累、水势（Water potential， WP）、相对含水量（Relative water content， RWC）和净光合速率（Net photosynthetic rate， Pn）无明显种间差异。Bv叶片宽而重、蒸腾速率（Transpiration rate， Tr）、CO2总导度(Total conductance to CO2， CndCO2)和气孔导度(Conductance to H2O， Gs)显著高于Lp。而Lp分蘗多、叶多汁；瞬时水分利用效率是Bv的1.63倍。2)20%?25% PAW对2牧草生长影响不完全一致，叶饱和重、干重和叶面积有相反变化趋势，但与充足水分相比差异不显著；Pn，Tr，CndCO2，Gs和RWC则极显著降低，WP极显著降低了1.60 MPa，致使枯叶占比和叶温差的显著升高。总之，雀麦和多年生黑麦草生长相近，水分利用模式不同；遭受极端干旱，不同种的2牧草耐旱机制具有一定的共性，通过增强叶片持水力、降低水分循环、减少蒸腾失水以提高牧草抗旱性。

关键词：干旱胁迫光合作用蒸腾作用生物量积累瞬时水分利用效率水势

A unique subseafloor microbiosphere in the Mariana Trench driven by episodic sedimentation

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 168-181页

作者： Jiwen Liu Da-Wei Li Xinxin He Ronghua Liu Haojin Cheng Chenglong Su Mengna Chen Yonghong Wang Zhongsheng Zhao Hanyue Xu Zhangyu Cheng Zicheng Wang Nikolai Pedentchouk David J.Lea-smith Jonathan D.Todd Xiaoshou Liu Meixun Zhao Xiao-Hua Zhang Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education/College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education/Research Vessel CentreOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK

Hadal trenches are characterized by enhanced and infrequent high-rate episodic sedimentation events that likely introduce not only labile organic carbon and key nutrients but also new microbes that significantly alter the subseafloor ***,the role of high-rate episodic sedimentation in controlling the composition of the hadal subseafloor microbiosphere is ***,analyses of carbon isotope composition in a~750 cm long sediment core from the Challenger Deep revealed noncontinuous deposition,with anomalous ^(14)C ages likely caused by seismically driven mass transport and the funneling effect of trench *** community composition and diverse enzyme activities in the upper~27 cm differed from those at lower depths,probably due to sudden sediment deposition and differences in redox condition and organic matter *** lower depths,microbial population numbers,and composition remained relatively constant,except at some discrete depths with altered enzyme activity and microbial phyla abundance,possibly due to additional sudden sedimentation events of different *** is provided of a unique role for high-rate episodic sedimentation events in controlling the subsurface microbiosphere in Earth’s deepest ocean floor and highlight the need to perform thorough analysis over a large depth range to characterize hadal benthic *** depositional processes are likely crucial in shaping deep-water geochemical environments and thereby the deep subseafloor biosphere.

关键词： Hadal subseafloor Deep water sediment Mariana Trench Radiocarbon Microbial community Redox potential