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Influence of degree of interlock on confined strength of jointed hard rock masses

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第6期12卷 1152-1170页

作者： Navid Bahrani Peter K.kaiser a Department of Civil and Resource Engineering Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada b Bharti School of Engineering Laurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioCanada

The strength of jointed rock mass is strongly controlled by the degree of interlock between its constituent rock *** degree of interlock constrains the kinematic freedom of individual rock blocks to rotate and slide along the block forming *** HoekeBrown(HB)failure criterion and the geological strength index(GSI)were developed based on experiences from mine slopes and tunneling projects in moderately to poorly interlocked jointed rock *** has since then been demonstrated that the approach to estimate the HB strength parameters based on the GSI strength scaling equations(called the‘GSI strength equations’)tends to underestimate the confined peak strength of highly interlocked jointed rock masses(***>65),where the rock mass is often non-persistently jointed,and the intact rock blocks are strong and *** estimation of the confined strength of such rock masses is relevant when designing mine pillars and abutments at great depths,where the confining pressure is high enough to prevent block rotation and free sliding on block *** this article,a grain-based distinct element modeling approach is used to simulate jointed rock masses of various degrees of interlock and to investigate the influences of block shape,joint persistence and joint surface condition on the confined peak *** focus is on non-persistently jointed and blocky(persistently jointed)rock masses,consisting of hard and homogeneous rock blocks devoid of any strength degrading defects such as *** results from this investigation confirm that the GSI strength equations underestimate the confined strength of highly interlocked and non-persistently jointed rock ***,the GSI strength equations are found to be valid to estimate the confined strength of persistently jointed rock masses with smooth and non-dilatant joint surfaces.

关键词： Rock mass strength Degree of interlock Non-persistently jointed rock mass Blocky rock mass Geological strength index(GSI) GSI strength equations

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Numerical evaluation of the use of vegetation as a shelterbelt for enhancing the wind and thermal comfort in peripheral and lateral-type skygardens in highrise buildings

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Building Simulation 2023年第2期16卷 243-261页

作者： Murtaza Mohammadi Paige Wenbin Tien John kaiser Calautit Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of NottinghamNottinghamUK

Skygardens or skycourts are a unique architectural intervention in the built environment,enhancing the social,economic,and environmental values of the *** allows occupants to connect and experience outdoor freshness within a semi-enclosed ***,skygardens located on a highrise building may generate intense wind gusts,endangering the safety of *** a validated computational fluid dynamics model,this study investigates the potential of various vegetative barriers or shelterbelts in attenuating the high wind speeds encountered in such spaces and the impact on wind and thermal *** skygarden configurations were investigated with and without vegetative barriers,simplified and modelled as porous zones,and their effect was studied on the velocity and temperature profile at the occupants’*** results indicate that while hedges and trees can offer resistance to airflow,trees provide higher temperature ***,a combination of vegetative and geometrical barriers provides the most optimal condition in the *** study has identified the importance of assessing wind attenuation characteristics of tree plantations on highrise skygarden,and the results can be used in designing intervention ***,vegetation can attenuate pollutants and mitigate poor air quality by surface deposition,and future studies should investigate in that direction.

关键词： built environment computational fluid dynamics(CFD) wind comfort thermal comfort skygarden

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Multilayer optics for the EUV and soft X-rays

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 421-429页

作者： Torsten Feigl Sergiy Yulin Nicolas Benoit Norbert kaiser Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

The demand to enhance the optical resolution, to structure and observe ever smaller details, has pushed the way towards the EUV and soft X-rays. Induced mainly by the production of more powerful electronic circuits with the aid of projection lithography, optics developments in recent years can be characterized by the use of electromagnetic radiation with smaller wavelength. The good prospects of the EUV and soft X-rays for next generation lithography systems (λ=13.5 nm), microscopy in the “water window” (λ=2.3～4.4 nm), astronomy (λ=5～31 nm), spectroscopy, plasma diagnostics and EUV/soft X-ray laser research have led to considerable progress in the development of different multilayer optics. Since optical systems in the EUV/soft X-ray spectral region consist of several mirror elements a maximum reflectivity of each multilayer is essential for a high throughput. This paper covers recent results of the enhanced spectral behavior of Mo/Si, Cr/Sc and Sc/Si multilayer optics.

关键词： EUV X射线多层膜光学涂覆技术 Mo/Si Cr/Sc Sc/Si 光电子技术

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Optical coatings:trends and challenges

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 389-396页

作者： Norbert kaiser Torsten Feigl Olaf Stenzel Ulrike Schulz Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik Albert-Einstein-Str. 7D-07745 Jena Germany

New applications in optoelectronics, photonics, telecommunication, displays, optical data processing, biomedicine, sensors, energy control, automobile, aerospace, and architecture stimulation are important developments in physics and technology of optical coatings. This paper will focus on the latest advances in the areas of new optical film systems and devices, new optical coating materials and film fabrication techniques, process control and monitoring, and different advanced applications. Particularly, focus is on optical films that combine optical design with microstructural features tailored on the nanometer and micrometer scales. Evaluation of film stability and integrity in harsh industrial environments and their compatibility with organic polymers are important as well.

关键词：光学涂覆技术光电子技术光学仪器光学材料

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Role of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第30期26卷 4394-4414页

作者： Kurt A Melstrom Andreas M kaiser Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of SurgeryCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010-3000United States

Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies *** resection for rectal cancer usually requires a proctectomy with respective lymphadenectomy(total mesorectal excision).This has traditionally been performed transabdominally through an open *** the last thirty years,minimally invasive surgery platforms have rapidly evolved with the goal to accomplish the same quality rectal resection through a less invasive *** are currently three resective modalities that complement the traditional open operation:(1)Laparoscopic surgery;(2)Robotic surgery;and(3)Transanal total mesorectal *** addition,there are several platforms to carry out transluminal local excisions(without lymphadenectomy).Evidence on the various modalities is of mixed to moderate *** is unreasonable to expect a randomized comparison of all options in a single *** review aims at reviewing in detail the various techniques in regard to intra-/perioperative benchmarks,recovery and complications,oncological and functional outcomes.

关键词： Rectal cancer Minimally invasive surgery Laparoscopic surgery Robotic surgery Transanal total mesorectal excision Transanal minimally invasive surgery

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Large animal ischemic stroke models: replicating human stroke pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1377-1387页

作者： Erin E.kaiser Franklin D.West Regenerative Bioscience Center University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Neuroscience Program Biomedical and Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Department of Animal and Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA

The high morbidity and mortality rate of ischemic stroke in humans has led to the development of numerous animal models that replicate human stroke to further understand the underlying pathophysiology and to explore potential therapeutic *** promising therapeutics have been identified using these animal models,with most undergoing significant testing in rodent models,the vast majority of these interventions have failed in human clinical *** failure of preclinical translation highlights the critical need for better therapeutic assessment in more clinically relevant ischemic stroke animal *** animal models such as non-human primates,sheep,pigs,and dogs are likely more predictive of human responses and outcomes due to brain anatomy and physiology that are more similar to humans-potentially making large animal testing a key step in the stroke therapy translational *** objective of this review is to highlight key characteristics that potentially make these gyrencephalic,large animal ischemic stroke models more predictive by comparing pathophysiological responses,tissue-level changes,and model limitations.

关键词： brain ischemia clinical translation gyrencephalic large animal model magnetic resonance imaging stroke

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Polar comonomer incorporation using cationic Ni α-diimine olefin polymerization catalysts

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第2期62卷 153-154页

作者： Jordan M.kaiser Brian K.Long Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee

Polyolefins are an indispensable class of materials that have become the most widely produced and utilized polymers *** are readily synthesized from cheap and abundant monomer feedstocks,such as ethylene and propylene,and are capable of achieving a vast array of thermal and mechanical properties based upon their composition and ***,despite their numerous advantages, polyolefins are typically devoid of functional groups which can limit their applicability to many product families,such as coatings,adhesives,and cross-linked polyolefins.

关键词： Ni α-diimine olefin polymerization catalysts

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Perspective towards atomic-resolution imaging of two-dimensional polymers

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SmartMat 2021年第2期2卷 131-138页

作者： Haoyuan Qi Baokun Liang Ute kaiser Central Facility of Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUniversität UlmUlmGermany Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden(cfaed) Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany

Recent years have witnessed the rise of an emerging class of synthetic twodimensional(2D)materials-2D *** combination of organic chemistry and rational design of polymeric crystals has stimulated tremendous research efforts in the controlled synthesis of 2D ***,despite the advancement in synthetic methodologies,the structural characterization of 2D polymers remains a significant *** aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(AC-HRTEM)is capable of direct imaging of atomic structures with sub-Ångström resolution,electron radiation damage poses a substantial limit on the achievable image resolution due to instant decomposition of the molecular *** this Perspective,we will briefly discuss radiation damage mitigation strategies,which may eventually result in AC-HRTEM imaging of 2D polymers down to the atomic scale.

关键词： covalent organic frameworks transmission electron microscopy two-dimensional polymers

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A Water Movement Study in Lianzhou Bay, Guangxi Province, China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： SUN Ting Andreas Macrander David kaiser College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Marine Research Institute Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology

This study investigates the physical conditions(water depth, current speed, salinity, temperature) in Lianzhou Bay, a shallow coastal bay in southern China, during two expeditions in the dry and wet seasons of 2011. Based on these expedition data, basic hydrodynamic parameters like Brunt-V?is?l? Frequency, Richardson Number, Rossby radius, and Resonance Period are calculated. The results show that Lianzhou Bay is characterized by comparatively small quantity of freshwater input and weak stratification. Strong tides, which are spatially uniform within the bay, cause turbulent mixing. Residence time of the water is shorter in winter due to a stronger coastal current in that season. Consideration of the water movement may help to reduce the harmful ecological impact of aquaculture waste water discharge.

关键词： water movement water mixing process Rossy radius tidal resonance residence time Lianzhou Bay

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Fecal incontinence - Challenges and solutions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第1期23卷 11-24页

作者： Nallely Saldana Ruiz Andreas M kaiser Department of Surgery Division of Colorectal SurgeryKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Department of Surgery Division of Colorectal SurgeryKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern California

Fecal incontinence is not a diagnosis but a frequent and debilitating common final pathway symptom resulting from numerous different causes. Incontinence not only impacts the patient’s self-esteem and quality of life but may result in significant secondary morbidity, disability, and cost. Treatment is difficult without any panacea and an individualized approach should be chosen that frequently combines different modalities. Several new technologies have been developed and their specific roles will have to be defined. The scope of this review is outline the evaluation and treatment of patients with fecal incontinence.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Sphincteroplasty Sacral nerve stimulation Endorectal ultrasound New technologies Quality of life

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